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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid11222082\charrsid11222082 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\insrsid11222082 Criminal Appeal Case No HAA038.06S
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\insrsid11222082 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\b\insrsid11222082\charrsid11222082 EFEREMO WAQA FONG
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\b\insrsid11222082\charrsid11222082 V
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\b\insrsid11222082\charrsid11222082 THE STATE
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\par }{\insrsid14900956 Fiji High Court, Suva
\par }{\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 19th, 26th May 2006
\par Gates J
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\b\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 JUDGMENT}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
Appeal from Magistrates Court; appeal against sentence; 39 counts in all, larceny (9), forgery (10), uttering forged doc
ument (10), obtaining money on forged document (9) and attempting to obtain goods on a forged document (1); court imposed 2 years imprisonment on each count but effective term of 8 years imprisonment because some were to be served consecutively; whether t
otality principle adhered to; appellant a clerk in chartered accountant\rquote s office, loss to firm $28,758; nothing recovered; breach of trust by employee; some planning; admitted everything to police; early plea of guilty; 1st
 offender; 28 years old; State conceded appeal; tariff for breach of trust cases 18 months - 3\'bd years; 2 years imprisonment sufficient.
\par }{\insrsid14900956 
\par }{\insrsid14900956 Counsel:}{\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 Mr M. Raza for the Appellant
\par Ms S.K. Puamau for the Respondent
\par 
\par [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The appellant confines his appeal now to sentence only.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 On 16th February 2006 he was convicted on his own plea of guilty in the Suva Magistrates Court on a charge containing 39 counts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 They comprised 9 counts of larceny, 10 counts of forgery, 10 counts of uttering forged document, 9 counts of obtaining money on forged document and 
1 count of attempting to obtain goods on forged document.
\par 
\par [2] The appellant was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment on each count, counts 1-4 to be served consecutively to each other and counts 5-39 to be served concurrently to each other as well as to counts 1-4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The effective total term of imprisonment to be served was one of 8 years.
\par 
\par [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The appellant\rquote s complaint is with the order for consecutive sentences in counts 1 to 4.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 Mr Raza says it is harsh and excessive, and offends the totality rule.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The appellant was a clerk working for a firm of chartered accountants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
The appellant handled banking matters and had access to the financial books.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
The dishonesty was perpetrated on a client receivership account.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 He removed 8 blank cheque leaves from a
 cheque book and forged the signature of one of the partners who was the receiver in the matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 In all he drew out thereby $28,758.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The crimes were carried out over a period of less than 2 months.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 Nothing was recovered.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 He admitted all of the allegati
ons in his police interview.
\par 
\par [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The aggravating factors here were the breach of trust towards his employer, and the non-recovery.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The Magistrate also referred to the systematic planning.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 Certainly these were not spur of the moment crimes.
\par 
\par [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The mitigating factors were the early plea of guilty, and that he was a first offender.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 At 28 years he was still comparatively young.
\par 
\par [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The State concedes this appeal in counsel\rquote s careful written submissions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 Both counsel agree that 2 years, as imposed, was the correct sentence for each of the offences and in totality.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 If the learned Magistrate had ordered that the sentences on each count were to be served concurrently with each other, there would have been no challenge to the final order.
\par 
\par [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The appellant could not escape an immediate term of imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 Deo v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082  [2005] FJCA62; AAU0025.05S 11th
 November 2005 the Court of Appeal said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
Frauds by an employee which involve a breach of trust strike at the very foundations of modern commerce and public administration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
It has long been the rule that such cases must merit a sentence of imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 [9]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The court considered suspended sentences in such cases to be exceptional and that they should rarely be ordered.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 A suspended sentence was rightly not considered appropriate here.
\par 
\par [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The tariff for breach of trust sentences ranges from 18 months to 3\'bd years imprisonment}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 State v Sakiusa Bole}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082  [2005] FJHC 470; HAC0038.05S 4th October 2005 [$35,882 taken, 3 years imprisonment].}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The learned magistrate had correctly arrived at the appropriate tier of sentence for each count on the charge sheet, taking into account the relevant sentencing factors.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 Tokoni v The State}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082  [2005]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 FJHC 492; HAA0085J.05S 23rd September 2005, Shameem J consider
ed 2 years appropriate for a larceny from a bank by one of its employees to the extent of $24,168.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
In the instant case, the overall offending does not require a total prison term as heavy as 8 years.
\par 
\par [11] I therefore make the following orders: 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 (a) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The app
eal is allowed.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 (b) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The sentence of 2 years imprisonment on each count is confirmed.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 (c) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 The order for service of the terms of imprisonment on counts 1-4 consecutively is quashed.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 (d) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 And in substitution it is ordered that on all counts the terms of imprisonment are to be served concurrently.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 A.H.C.T. GATES
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222082 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082 Solicitors for the Appellant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 Messrs M. Raza & Associates, Suva
\par Solicitors for the Respondent:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11222082  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14900956\charrsid11222082 Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Suva
\par }}