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JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid5793136 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 CIVIL ACT}{\insrsid8720099\charrsid5793136 I}{\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 ON NO. HBC 138 OF 2002 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\insrsid5793136\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 TIMOCI NACO \par }{\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 P}{\insrsid16322504\charrsid5793136 laintiff}{\insrsid2971545 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid5793136\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\insrsid5793136\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 SALESI TEMO \par }{\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 F}{\insrsid16322504\charrsid5793136 irst Defendant}{\insrsid2971545 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid5793136\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid16322504\charrsid5793136 AND:}{\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid5793136 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF FIJI \par }{\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 S}{\insrsid16322504\charrsid5793136 econd Defendant}{\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid16322504\charrsid5793136 \par }{\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 Hearing in Court:}{\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 Monday 23 May 2005, Suva}{\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par \par }{\insrsid16322504\charrsid5793136 Counsel:}{\insrsid5793136\charrsid5793136 }{\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 Plaintiff in Person}{\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 \par }{\insrsid12932066\charrsid5793136 M}{\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 r}{\insrsid12932066\charrsid5793136 . }{\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 Keteca}{\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 and }{\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 Ms }{ \insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 Karen for the First and}{\insrsid3765619\charrsid5793136 }{\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 Second Defendants}{\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par \par }{\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 Date of Judgment:}{\insrsid5793136\charrsid5793136 }{\insrsid14508705\charrsid5793136 Monday }{\insrsid15206213\charrsid5793136 10}{\insrsid14508705\charrsid5793136 th }{\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 June}{ \insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 2005}{\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }{\b\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\insrsid14355572\charrsid5793136 PROVISIONAL }{\b\insrsid2971545\charrsid5793136 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT}{\b\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }{\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 [1]\tab }{\insrsid16322504\charrsid5793136 The plaintiff, Mr Naco, runs a business}{\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 .}{\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 On 26 November 2001 he wrote to the Senior Court Officer at Suva Magistrates Court requesting a copy of the decision in a 1994 criminal case.}{\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 He states he required it in relation to the business.}{\insrsid16322504\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 \par [2]\tab The Senior Court Officer replied by letter dated 7 December 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 He said \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\insrsid5793136\charrsid5793136 "}{\b\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 Y}{\b\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 our 26 November 2001 letter refer}{\b\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 (sic)}{\b\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 .}{\b\insrsid14637761 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\b\insrsid10829659\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 It was submitted to the Chief Magistrate for consideration and directions.}{\b\insrsid13715216 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\b\insrsid10829659\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 I am directed to advise you that your request (for a copy judgment) has been denied on the grounds that no good reason is provided for the request.}{\b\insrsid5793136\charrsid5793136 "}{\b\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 [3]\tab Mr Naco did not write in stating his reason.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 On 20 December at about 2 p.m. he went to the Magistrates Court Registry to see Mr Singh.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 He w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 as unavailable.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 Mr Naco went to see the acting Chief Registrar (he refers to him as the Deputy Registrar) with Mr Singh\rquote s letter.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 The Registrar wrote, by hand, on the letter of 7 December}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10829659 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 SCO Magistrates Court.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10829659\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 Please attend to Mr Naco\rquote s request for a judgment copy which he said that he would like to use as an }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 authority}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 for a case he is dealing (as his}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 reason)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 It\rquote s a public document and if he is required to pay a fee, then charge it }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10829659\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 Thank you.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14637761\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 and then signed and dated it. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 [4]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12738652\charrsid5793136 Armed with this Mr Naco returned to the Magistrates Court Registry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12738652\charrsid5793136 There is a door in from the outside }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 walkway}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12738652\charrsid5793136 and then a counter (about 80 centimeters }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 wide}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12738652\charrsid5793136 ) at which members of the public are attended to.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 [5]\tab I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 is fro m this point on there is a dispute as to what happened. \par \par [6]\tab Mr Naco states that he showed the note to a girl in the Registry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 She took it to the Chief Magistrate.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 latter\rquote s secr}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 etary called him outside.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 He gave the letter to her she went away and came back and said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 The Chief Magistrate doesn\rquote t want to see you.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 [7]\tab Mr Naco accepts his normal speaking }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 voice is loud.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 He told her }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 He\rquote s not God.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 I want to see him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 She went in.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 Next thing is police came and I was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 arres}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 ted and taken to a cell.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 Nothing else was said.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 The police just said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 you come down with us.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 I went down to the cell at the Government Buildings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10829659\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 [8]\tab He says he was there for about an hour.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 He was the taken up into No. 1 Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 The Chief Magistrate was there and asked him what he wanted.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 Mr Naco says he told him }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 about}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 the request in the letter and the Chief Magistrate replied he hadn\rquote t seen it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 Mr Naco said t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 hat was between him and the SCO.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 he Chief Magistrate told him}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 not to be cheeky and that he could send him }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 to gao}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 l.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 Mr Naco then says }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 I questioned }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693130\charrsid5793136 W}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 hy am}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 I i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 n court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 ?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 I am never charged with an offence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 After a while he told me to go.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3885171\charrsid5793136 He didn\rquote t reply (to the question) why am I in court, never charged?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715216\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 \par [9]\tab In cross-examination he denied banging the counter in the registry at the second visit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 He denied being threatening }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 abusive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 or}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 smelling of alcohol.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 He sai}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 d if she (the secretary) was sca}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 red then }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 she wouldn\rquote t come and stand with me alone.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 The plaintiff is a well built man}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 sixty}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 -seven}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 years of age, the secretary is a slim, short woman.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 He said he didn\rquote t know if he disturbed the Chief Magistrate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 He accepted he was angry and that he heard and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 saw}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 the Chief Magistrate when he said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 arrest this fellow.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 He denied being abusive }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 the Chief Magistrate in Court. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 [10]\tab The plaintiff called Tomasi Tab}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 u}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 la}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 u}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 re in support.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 He had had lunch with the plaintiff and no alcohol was consumed. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 They don\rquote t sell liquor there.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 He corroborates the plaintiff\rquote s sequence of events.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 He heard no banging on the counter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 When he was told the Chief Magistrate}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 s reply he says }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 I heard the plaintiff was not a very happy man.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 When the p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 olice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 came to take him away he says }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 The plaintiff was not a happy man again.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 He wanted to know what were the charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 There were }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 exchang}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 es between the two. I put in my little }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 bit}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840386\charrsid5793136 The plaintiff was taken away.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 Mr Tabulauvere was not in Court later}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 that day}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 . \par \par [11]\tab In cross-examination he stated }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 Mr Naco was angry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 I have known him for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 so}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 many years.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 He has a loud voice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 He was not demanding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6490350\charrsid5793136 He disagreed with the suggestion Mr Naco was abusive or violent towards registry staff. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 [12]\tab The defendants called five witnesses, Ravinesh Raj, Assistant Court Officer, Wati Volavola, Assistant Court Officer, Asil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 lika Masikolikoli}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 , Assistant Court Officer, Roshni Ram, Secretary to the Chief Magistrate and the first defendant Salesi Temo. \par \par [13]\tab The first three gave evidence to the effect that when Mr Naco returned with the hand written note and was refused the judgment he became loud, angry}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 demanding and abusive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 He banged the counter.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 He was attracting attention.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 Ravinesh Raj said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 We tried to cool him.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 The situation was getting out of hand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 He was not the only member of the public at the counter\'85 I felt threatened by his appearance because of his demanding nature \'85. He might have assaulted me in the process.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 [14]\tab The Chief Magi}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 strate\rquote s S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 ecretary, Roshni Ram saw Mr Naco in the walkaway.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 She thought it might help if she saw him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 Naco had a raised voice and seemed angry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 She}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 considered it her duty to show the letter to the Chief Magist}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 ate, and did so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 Mr Temo said he st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 ood }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 by what he had said.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 He was, she believed, writing a judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 She relayed the message to Mr Naco, who was then }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 very angry and shouting and wanted Temo to tell him these things personally.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 She went back to Mr Temo and returned again. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 Naco was then very angry.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 Shouting at the top of his voice }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 \lquote }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 W}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 ho the hell does he think he is.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 Does he think he is God.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 He was advancing to me, when he was very close I could smell liquor on his breath\'85. I was scared, very frightened\'85 Temo opened his window and asked the police officers to take Naco to the cells.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 When he was talking at the counter I didn \rquote t feel threatened.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 In the corridor when he was advancing and came close I thought he was going to hit me.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 He was really angry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552426\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 \par [15]\tab Salesi Temo gave evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 He was appointed on 1 February 1994 and was a Resident Magistrate at the time of these}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 events.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15471083\charrsid5793136 On the afternoon of 20}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 December he was in chambers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 He was very busy writing judgments.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 He remembers his Secretary saying that Mr Naco wanted a judgment and that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 he\rquote d }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 dealt with the matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 No rea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 son had been given for the requ}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 est.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 He said he doesn\rquote t normally see members of the public without an appointment. He has to be careful. \par \par [16]\tab Therefore Mr Temo instructed his Secretary to tell Mr Naco as there was no reason given for the request the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 o point in seeing him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 Had he been informed of the reason he would have given access to the judgment. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 [17]\tab Mr Temo said his Secretary was coming in and out.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 He could hear a commotion outside, even though the windows were closed, and the air conditioner was on.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 Mrs Ram briefed him in what was happening and told him she }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 c }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 ould smell liquor on his breath.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 He did no t feel safe to see Mr Naco. When his Secretary said she had to st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 and between two police officers,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 I had to use powers under the Courts Act to protect myself and Court Staff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 I have looked }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 section 136(2).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 My understanding is Parliament has given powers if there is contempt in the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 face }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 of the Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 [They have] to be used carefully and exceptionally.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 I had to act given the level of abuse and the briefing from my Secretary\'85. I expected the police officer to arrest you and take you to the police station.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 Mr Temo said the police didn\rquote t appear to be acting so he ordered the plaintiff\rquote s }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 detention}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 . \par \par [18]\tab An hour later in Court he says he expl}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2228674\charrsid5793136 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 ined to Mr Naco what was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2228674\charrsid5793136 happening but it turned into a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 shouting match.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 Mr Naco wouldn\rquote t listen.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 He was told to be caref ul as he might be formally charged with contempt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 Mr Naco was shouting at the top of his voice.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 He told Mr Naco to go and he left.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 He said he had not come across such behaviour before in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 He stated he might have been incorrect in his use of section 136(2) Criminal Procedure Code in these circumstances. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 [19]\tab The Plaintiff\rquote s amended statement of claim reads from paragraph 17 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 the first Defendant arbitrarily deprived the Plaintiff of his liberty and detained the Plaintiff without been (sic) charged for an offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 The First Defendant was breaching the constitutional rights of the Plaintiff, causing the plaintiff physical and mental stress and strain, such conduct was unfair, unjust, unreasonable, prejudiced and unconstitutional and denied the Plaintiff na tural justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7042897\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 Whe}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 refor the Plaintiff claims against the Defendants:- \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690875\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10829659 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 An Order that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 the First Defendant breached the Constitutional Rights of the Plaintiff namely: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10829659 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 S23 (1) A person must not be deprived of personal liberty. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10829659 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 S25 (1) Every person has the right to freedom from torture of any kind, whether physical, mental or emotional, and from cruel, inhumane degrading or disproportionately severe treatment or punishment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10829659 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 S27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 (1) Every person who is arrested or detained has the right:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9334032 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9334032 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9334032 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9334032 (a)\tab to be informed promptly in a language that he or she understands of the reason for his or her arrest or detention and of the nature of any charge that may be brough.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9334032\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9334032 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 S28(1) Every person charged with an offence has the right:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10829659 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9334032 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 (b)\tab to be given details in legible writing, in a language that he or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 she understands, of the nature of and a reason for the charge. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2362982\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3241556 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 An Order that the First Defendant\rquote s actions were unreasonable and outside the scope and duties of his role as Magistrate:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814530\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3241556 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3241556 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 General Damages; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3241556 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3241556 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 Any other relief which to this Honourable Court may seem just; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3241556 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3241556 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 Cost of this action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3241556 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 [20]\tab The amended defence denied Mr Naco\rquote s factual allegation}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 and in particular}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 in}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 respect of the first defendant relied upon section 65(1) Magistrates Court Act, Chapter 14. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3241556 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 [21]\tab Section 65(1) is headed }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 Protection of Judicial Officers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429905\charrsid5793136 and reads: \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3241556 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 65. \endash (1) \tab No magistrate, justice of the peace or other person act ing judicially shall be liable to be sued in any civil court for any act done or ordered to be done by him in the discharge of his judicial duty whether or not within the limits of his jurisdiction provided that he at the time, in good faith, believed him self to have jurisdiction to do or order the act complained of.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3241556 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 [22]\tab The plaintiff and defendants gave written closing submissions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 The first defendant stated he was acting under section 136(2) of the Penal Code. \par \par Section 136(1) and (2) of the Penal Code state: \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3241556 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 136. -}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 (1)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 Any person who \endash \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 (a)}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 within the premises in which any judicial proceeding is being had or taken, or within the precincts of the same, shows disrespect, in speech or manner, to or with reference to such proceeding, or any person before whom such proceeding is being had or taken; or }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1317399\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 (b) \endash (f)\'85\'85\'85.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1317399\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (g)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1317399 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 causes an obstruction or disturbance in the course of a}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379\charrsid5793136 judicial proceeding; or}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581379 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1317399\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (h)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1317399 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 - (l) \'85\'85.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1317399\charrsid5793136 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (m)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1317399 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 commits any other act of intentional disrespec t to any judicial proceeding, or to any person before whom such proceeding is being}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 had or taken.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 is guilty of an offence, and is liable to imprisonment for three months}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5335446\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 136-}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 (2)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 When an offence against paragraphs (a)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 ,}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 \'85.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 (g)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 \'85}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 or (m) of subsection (1) is committed in view of the court, other than a magistrate\rquote s court presided over by a third class magistrate, the court may cause the offender to be}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 detained in custody, and at any time before the rising of the court on the same day may take cognizance of th e offence and sentence the offender to a fine not exceeding forty dollars or in default of payment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one month.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 [24]\tab The first defendant argues that if in fact he did exceed any power under section 136 then it was done in good faith and he is protected by s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 ection }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 65(1) of Magistrates Court Act. \par \par [25]\tab Neither party has addressed the question }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 as to whether }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 the kind of protection offerded by }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 section 65 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 is available to the State.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 And, if so, whether or not it is constitutional.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 \par \par [26]\tab Section 3 Crown Proceedings Act Chapter 24 makes the Crown liable in tort as set out, but by subsection (5) states }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 No proceedings shall }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 lie}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 against the Crown by virtue of this section in respect}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 of anything done or omitted to be done by any p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 erson while discharging o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 purpo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 rting to discharge any responsibilities of a judic}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 l nature vested in him, or any }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 responsibilities which he has in co}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 nnexi}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 on with the execution of judicial process.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14883734\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 \par But this is a claim under the Constitution. \par \par [27]\tab In broad terms, there is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 little dispute on the facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 M}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 r Naco had a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 note}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 from the deputy registrar saying he was entitled to a copy judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 This was denied to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 He raised his face, became angry and made a remark about the \lquote Chief Magistrate\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 The latter then ordered him to be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 detained}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 and taken to a cell.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 He was there for approximately }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 an hour}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 before being brought to Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 There was a further exchange of words and he was released. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 [28]\tab There is no evidence to show that at any stage he was told why }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 or by what power }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 he was being arrested o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 r}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 detained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 There is no evidence to show that, when he was brought into court, he was told what power was being exercised }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 purportedly exercised.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 He was only told }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 \'85be careful, or you might be formally charged with contempt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 \par \par [29]\tab I find that all parties and witnesses were doing their best to recollect what happened.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 This incident happened nearly three and a half years ago. \par \par [30]\tab There were many discrepancies in the evidence of the defendants\rquote witnesses. \par \par [31]\tab I find that Mr Naco did loose his temper and became angry when, armed with the note, he was refused a copy judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 He has, in ordinary speaking, a powerful voice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 He raised his voice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 was angry and said, referr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 ing to the Chief Magistrate, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4597138\charrsid5793136 He\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 s not God.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 I want to see him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 I accept he did bang the counter a few times.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 Tomasi Tabulavuere stated the plaintiff had not drunk alcohol.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 I accept this. \par \par [32]\tab Mr Naco says he is aged 67 years.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 He still appears to be a fit and well built}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 man.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 Given the circumstances I accept that the defence witnesses felt abused and threatened.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 Mrs Roshni Ram, the first defendant \rquote s secretary, sho}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 wed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 calm and courage in the circumstances.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820171\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 \par [33]\tab I accept the evidence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 of the first defendant, Mr Temo.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 W}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 hilst judgment writing he had, outside his office, a man who was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 loud and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 demanding to see him, despite the messages he had sent.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 He had had relayed to him what was happening and the concerns of his staff.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 He could hear a commotion despite closed windows and air-condi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 tioning.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 He opened his window }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 and saw Mr Na}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 o.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 here were police officers there}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 who were apparently doing nothing. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 [34]\tab Mr Temo accepts he gave the instruction for the pla intiff to be taken to the cells.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 About an hour later there was the Court appearance and release.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1317399\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 [35]\tab Mr Temo did not have power under section 136 Penal Code to order the arrest o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 r}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 detention of Mr Naco.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 That section is aimed at }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 contempts committed in the face of the court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 There was no }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 judicial proceeding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 being disrupted by Mr Naco\rquote s behaviour.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 The first defendant was in his chambers working}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 albeit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 judgment writing. \par \par [36]\tab Mr Temo accepted, in evidence, he may not have had power in these circumstances to order the arrest or detention of Mr Naco.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 He does state he believed himself to have such power and did so in good faith. \par \par [37]\tab I find that Mr Temo did believe he was in the limits of his jurisdiction when he ordered detention of Mr Naco and did so in good faith.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 The circumstances as I have found them support this.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 There is nothing to rebut it. \par \par [38]\tab The reasons for this immunity are well known.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 Accordingly I must dismiss the action against the first defendant. \par \par [39]\tab I turn to the second defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 In his original statement of claim the plaintiff stated, at paragraph 17 and in the claim that he was alleging breaches of his constitutional rights.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 In his amended statement of claim he specified precisely the rights he was referring to. \par \par [40]\tab The High Court (Constitutional Redress) Rules 1998 set out th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1338305\charrsid5793136 e procedures for bringing an ac}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 t}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1338305\charrsid5793136 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 on for constitu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 t}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 ional redress.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 In a number of respects this application does not comply with these Rules.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 The second defendant has not taken this point.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 Mr Naco is a litigant in person.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 It has }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 been clear from the outset cons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 titu}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 ti}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 onal redress }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 is being }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1338305\charrsid5793136 sought, and precisely which rights }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 are}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1338305\charrsid5793136 involved }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1338305\charrsid5793136 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 o}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1338305\charrsid5793136 m the time of the amended claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1338305\charrsid5793136 The Attorney-General has been involved throughout.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357785\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 \par [41]\tab I find no party has been prejudiced by the failure to comply with the Rules.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 Accordingly I waive any breaches.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 I do not find there was an unreasonable time between the date of the incident, 20 December 2001, and the launch of proceedings, 2 April 2002. \par \par [42]\tab I find that Mr Naco was deprived of his liberty for approximately one hour.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 That deprivation might have been lawful had it been done by someone who had a power of arres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 t o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 n the reasonable suspicion that Mr Naco had committed an offence for which he could be arrested.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 That is not the case here.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 No other exceptions can apply. \par \par Accordingly I find there has been a breach by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 the State as represented by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 the second defendant of Mr Naco\rquote s right under Article 23(1). \par \par [43]\tab I can find no evidence that begins to support Mr Naco\rquote s contention that there was a breach of his rights under Article 25(1), Freedom from cruel or degrading treatment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 \par \par [44]\tab I find there has been a breach }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 by the State as represented by the second defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 of Mr Naco\rquote s right under Article 27(1)(a) in that Mr Naco, having been detained was not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 informed promptly in}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 a language that he\'85 understands of the reasons for his\'85. detention and of the nature of any charge that may be brought;}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8544438\charrsid5793136 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 [45]\tab Article 28(1) states }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 Every person charged with an offence has the right:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5793136 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 and there is then a list set out.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 Mr Naco was not charged with any offence, so this Article is not engaged. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881357\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 [46]\tab There is one outstanding question on liability.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 Neither party has addressed this at any stage}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 including closing submissions. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791646\charrsid5793136 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 [47]\tab This is a provisional judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 It will be finalised after hearing argument on the questions posed below. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 The parties will be given a further hearing date.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 They are to research and be prepared to argue the following question}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 : \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 (1)\tab Is there any statute or authori ty which provides immunity to the state }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 from}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 an action for constitutional redress for ac}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 ts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 or omissions of a judicial officer }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 bona}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 fide }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 acting in the exercise or purported exercise of his}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7829988\charrsid5793136 or her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 judicial }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 authority}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 ? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 (2)\tab If so, is such }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid5793136 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 provision constitutional? \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 [48]\tab When I have heard argument and made a decision on th}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 e}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 question}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 , then this judgment will be finali}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1522674\charrsid5793136 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 ed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9201145\charrsid5793136 Argument must be directed to the two questions only.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1317399 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 [R .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5992679\charrsid5793136 J. }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 Coventry] \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212386\charrsid5793136 JUDGE}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5793136 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8281596\charrsid5793136 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5992679 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1522674\charrsid1317399 Solicitors: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1522674\charrsid1317399 Plaintiff in Person \par Office of the Attorney General, Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7829988\charrsid1317399 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1522674\charrsid1317399 for the First and Second Defendants}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228119\charrsid1317399 \par }}