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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158158\charrsid14553804 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 AT LAUTOKA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804\charrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 ACTION NO. HBA}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804\charrsid14553804 00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 03 OF 2004}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804\charrsid14553804 
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\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 CORPORATION LTD}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804\charrsid14553804 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 APPELLANT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804\charrsid14553804 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 THE LABOUR OFFICER
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3486921\charrsid14553804 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 or and on behalf of the
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3486921\charrsid14553804 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 ependents of the deceased
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 MURGAYSA son of GOVINDA
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 [deceased] of Rarawai, Ba}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 RESPONDENT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804\charrsid14553804 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 Mr T. Tuitoga for the Appellant
\par Mr F. Abu for the Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 Date of Hearing:\tab 6 July 2005
\par Date of Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804  July 2005}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804\charrsid14553804 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16062378 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid16062378 JUDGMENT OF FINNIGAN J
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 This is an appeal against a decision of a Magistrate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 
The claim was brought under the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 Workmen\rquote s Compensation Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 The workman concerned died of liver cancer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 
The learned Magistrate held that this was an injury which had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 arisen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804  out of his employment.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 This is the first case in my experience where a link has been found established between liver cancer and the victim\rquote 
s working conditions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278399\charrsid14553804 I thus read the evidence and the decision with particular care.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6887184\charrsid14553804 
\par I have read the authorities cited to me by both Counsel and dicta where only dicta were relied upon.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6887184\charrsid14553804 
There cannot be any dispute about the principles which I must apply in reconsidering the Magistrate\rquote s decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6887184\charrsid14553804 
I do not think it necessary to recite them here, but I have certainly refreshed my memory from the materials supplied to me.
\par 
\par This is a case where there is no substantial question of the credibility or reliability of any witness and the point in dispute is the proper inference to be drawn from proved facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6887184\charrsid14553804 This Court is generally in as good a position to evaluate the evidence as was the Magistrate and I ought not to shrink from that task though of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3486921\charrsid14553804 course}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6887184\charrsid14553804  I must give weight to the Magistrate\rquote s opinion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6887184\charrsid14553804 If I find there is no evidence to support a particular finding of fact which is crucial to an }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 ultimate}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6887184\charrsid14553804  finding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804  that this case fell within the words \'93injury by accident that arose out of the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 course}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804  of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3486921\charrsid14553804 the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804 employment\'94 then I must find that the Magistrate made an error of law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804 
Under the provisions of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804 Section 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804 Workmen
\rquote s Compensation Act and Order 37 Rule 18 of the Magistrates Court Rules}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804  I am entitled to treat this appeal as a fresh hearing of the evidence and assess it for my self.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804 The Submissions
\par }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid16062378 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804 Counsel for the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722404\charrsid14553804 ppellant submitted that the Magistrate
\rquote s findings were not supported}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804  by the evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 Counsel for the
 Respondent submitted that the appeal is misconceive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 , ought to fail and has to fail.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 
In his submission the evidence clearly established the necessary causal relationship between the employment of the deceased and his infection}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7805036\charrsid14553804  with}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804  Hepatitis B.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 In his s
ubmission the Respondent established facts from which the Court could draw that necessary inference and thus shifted the onus to the Appellant to establish that the personal injury by accident}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 which had been }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 conceded}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804  at the hearing by the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804  did n
ot arise out of and in the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7805036\charrsid14553804 course}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804  of the employment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 of the deceased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 
Its failure to discharge that onus was in his submission fatal to the Appellant\rquote s case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6887184\charrsid14553804 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 The Evidence
\par }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid16062378 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 The deceased died on 25 November 1996}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804  of liver cancer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 He also had Hepatitis B.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 The decision to bring this case was made after the Labour Officer sought a medical opinion about whether the death may have been work related.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 Doctor Viliame Taoi the Acting Consultant Surgeon at Lautoka where the death occurred gave his opinion [}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 Exhibit A 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 ];}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8616893\charrsid14553804 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062378 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 \'93
Toilet cleaning is a high risk area in view of this disease as he could be infected from contaminated faeces of Hepatitis B carriers.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062378 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 
For this reason I would say the death could be work related if protective measures are not used by the subject during working hours\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 
\par When called to give evidence Doctor Taoi retracted the first paragraph of that opinion and said he had been wrong.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 
He said Hepatitis B is contracted primarily from contaminated body fluid.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1007410\charrsid14553804 He went on to say;
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8132691\charrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062378 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8132691\charrsid14553804 \'93Cleaning toilets was a high risk job and if he was not given gloves or boots 
\endash  if people who were infected and spit on the toilet and left contaminated blood and semen and if that got contacted with Murgesa\rquote s mouth or wound then the chances are that he could contact Hepatitis B}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804  -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8132691\charrsid14553804  protective equipments like rubber gloves and rubber gumboots reduces the chances of contracting Hepatitis B \endash 
 but does not totally eliminate it
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8132691\charrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062378 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8132691\charrsid14553804 Hepatitis B is highly associated with liver cancer.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8132691\charrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062378 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8132691\charrsid14553804 If somebody already contracted Hepatitis B the
 provisions of protective equipment later on is of no use\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10894127\charrsid14553804 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8132691\charrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4813059\charrsid14553804 
\par A lit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16062378 tle later he said the following:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4813059\charrsid14553804 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062378 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4813059\charrsid14553804 \'93
Known cause of Hepatitis B is having sex with infected person without condom and sharing drug needle or getting a tattoo with dirty tools.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4813059\charrsid14553804 
It can be passed by an infected woman to a child.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 Hepatitis B is a silent disease \endash 
 somebody might have had it all his life without knowing it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 
It is possible that deceased had Hepatitis B prior to 1998 and it is possible that Hepatitis B was passed from his mother.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4813059\charrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15616784 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 Re-Examination
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid15616784 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15616784 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 I can\rquote 
t say whether an existing Hepatitis B could be accelerated by coming to contact with new virus as I am not an expert.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 We can\rquote 
t say how long has a person been suffering from Hepatitis B \endash  all we can say is whether it is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 positive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804  or not\'94.

\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 That was the medical evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 There was other relevant evidence not all of which I will set out here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 
A workmate of the deceased gave evidence that together they had been cleaning toilets at the Respondent\rquote s workplace from 19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7805036\charrsid14553804 8}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 8 until shortly before the deceased went into hospital and died.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 
They had also sprayed pesticides on the grass around the bungalows.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 
There were dust masks which they sometimes wore while spraying chemicals and they wore them while cleaning the toilets.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14630836\charrsid14553804 While cleaning the
 toilets they wore }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 cotton overalls which they wore for the whole day and when cleaning the toilets ha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15616784 nd gloves and gumboots as well.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 
\par 
\par The Respondent }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 conceded}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804  at the hearing that there had been \'93personal injury by accident\'94.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 The learned Magistrate held that this concession \'93means that the deceased became infected with Hepatitis B virus which in }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 turn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804  caused the cancer\'94. [At page 4 of his decision].
\par 
\par Thereafter [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 t page 6] he arrived at the conclusion 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15616784 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 \'93\'85\'85\'85\'85.that the deceased was exposed to the hazards and risks of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 coming infected and carried out his work without being provided with recommended safety equipments and the accident}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 [infection] arose out of his employment.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15616784 He went on to hold that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15616784 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 \'93in view of my finding that accident arose out of his e
mployment the third element that it arose in the }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1794113\charrsid14553804 course}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804  of his employment is not important as upon been infected the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 disease}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804  was triggered \'85\'85.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804 Decision
\par }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid15616784 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804 
What the learned Magistrate described as not important was the third essential ingredient and he should have made a finding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804 
However I think his decision, with respect, is flawed more fundamentally.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 W}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804 hat I find totally lacking is any evidence of a link between Hepatitis B and liver cancer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804 There is only one statement by Doctor Taoi that \'93Hepatitis B is highly associated with liver cancer\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804 What does this mean?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804 
Does liver cancer cause the symptoms of Hepatitis B? Does Hepatitis B cause cancer? Does either cause the other?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133765\charrsid14553804 
The evidence shows no causal connection between them.
\par 
\par What may also be lacking is evidence that on the balance of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804 probabilities }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 linked }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804 the Hepatitis B }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 with}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804  his employment.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804 
The evidence shows that there could have been other causes [including even toilets which were not at his workplace and at which he did not wear any protective clothing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9924290\charrsid14553804 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804  and there was no evidence whatever to exclude or include any of those causes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 He drank 3 basins of kava a day.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 This can be a saliva-sharing exercise.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804 Putting toilets }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 and kava }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804 aside, there was no evidence connecting the use of chemicals in the workplace with contracting Hepatitis B or liver cancer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804 There was no evidence of the likelihood of acceleration of an existing condition by the workplace conditions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804 That possibility was apparently not part of the case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7607327\charrsid14553804 , but from }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 those cited to me perhaps the dictum most fitting with appropriate changes, is that of the Court of Appeal in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 
Labour Officer \endash v- Ports Authority of Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 Civil Appeal No. 6 of 1983}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 Judgment 22 November 1983}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 , Unreported, at Page 7;
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri1260\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1260\lin720\itap0\pararsid15616784 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 \'93In the present case, to use the appellant\rquote s own words, \'93
the deceased was a candidate for a sudden death\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 
The onus was on [the Plaintiff in the Court below] to produce some evidence from which it could affirmatively be inferred that the work he did in the course of his employment furthered that candidacy\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804 
\par Despite the careful and principled way in which the learned Magistrate delivered his prompt decision I am unconvinced by the evidence of any connection between conditions in the workplace and the death of the deceased.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804 In my opinion the learned Magistrate made a leap in logic towards a desired end and }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 drew}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804  inference}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804  not supported by the evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623316\charrsid14553804 
This was an error of law which made his conclusion untenable.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11209260\charrsid14553804 Therefore I determine this appeal by setting aside the decision of the learned Magistrate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11209260\charrsid14553804 I have re-heard the matter and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 accept the submission of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11209260\charrsid14553804 
 Counsel for the Respondent that nothing is to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9924290\charrsid14553804 be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11209260\charrsid14553804 gained from sending the matter back for re-hearing.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11209260\charrsid14553804 Judgment is given for the Appellant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11209260\charrsid14553804 I direct that the money held in the Magistrate\rquote s Court be returned to the Appellant.
\par 
\par I fix costs on the appeal in favour of the Appellant and assess them summarily at $800.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri1260\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1260\lin0\itap0\pararsid15616784 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11209260\charrsid14553804 D.D Finnigan
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11209260\charrsid14553804 JUDGE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri1260\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1260\lin720\itap0\pararsid14553804 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553804 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11209260\charrsid14553804 At Lautoka
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9978038\charrsid14553804 15 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1377696\charrsid14553804 July 2005}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8132691\charrsid14553804 
\par }}