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HBC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 0}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 287 OF 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 BETWEEN:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 TIMOCI NAIVALUWAQA}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 PLAINTIFF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 AND:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 SERU RAMAKITA}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 DEFENDANT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 Mr Naivalu for the Plaintiff \par No appearance for the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 Date of Hearing:\tab 29 June 2005 \par Date of June\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 July}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 2005}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 JUDGMENT OF FINNIGAN J}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845\charrsid14756845 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 This is an action for damages for def}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 mation.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 There had been adjournment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 previously and it went to hearing despite another application to adjourn.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 Subpoenas had been issued but only the Plaintiff gave evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 It was a matter of Formal Proof. \par \par Judgment in liability had previously been entered by default.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 I doubted the validity of this and require}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 the Plaintiff to give evidence for the whole of his claim. \par \par I am satisfied that the Defendant was duly served }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 with notice of this proceeding and with notice of the purported default judgment and of the hearing, purportedly to a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 ss}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 ess damages.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 The Defendant has never appeared.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6705507\charrsid14756845 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 The Evidence \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 The Plaintiff by his evidence satisfied me that he was a Trade Union official and a well respected member of the community both in this country and overseas.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 I am satisfied that the Defendant wrote a letter dated 30 October 2001 in which he said }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 inter alia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 that the Plaintiff had \'93}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 shoved}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 down the throat\'94 of the [Union] in-house committee a decision to remove the name of the Defendant from the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 grievance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 pay roll and to cease acting for the Defendant, that the Plaintiff was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926480\charrsid14756845 \'93}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 a dictator\'94 and \'93a Mr Nobody\'94 and an incompetent person to hold o ffice as General Secretary of the Union and that the Plaintiff had been bought by the Shangri-la\rquote s Fijian Resort and that the resort had assisted his trip to Malaysia.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 I am satisfied that the words used were calculated to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 disparage}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 the Plaintiff in his position as Trade Union Secretary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 I am satisfied that the letter was circulated to all members of the Executive Committee of the Plaintiff\rquote s Union}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 and that this is how the letter was drawn to his attention. \par \par That is as far as the Plaintiff\rquote s evidence went.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 I am left to draw inferences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 Counsel, who had accepted the brief at the 11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 hour he said, took the matter as far as he could but made no submissions. \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005035\charrsid14756845 Decision \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 Being largely uninformed about this special branch of the Law of Tort, I resorted to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 Law of Torts, 3}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 rd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 Ed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926480\charrsid14756845 ,}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 Balkin}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 & Davis, Lexis Nexis Butterworths}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 Australia 2004}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926480\charrsid14756845 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 hapter}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 18.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 At law the Plaintiff must show that the words he complains of were \'93of a kind likely to lead ordinarily decent fo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 k to think less of the person about whom [they were] made\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 He must also show that the words clearly identified him and he must prove publication of the words to a third party.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 To a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 ss}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 ess his claim for damages I resorted to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 McGregor on Damages, 17}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 th}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 Ed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 . chapter 39.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 The Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2245448\charrsid14756845 gave }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 practically no evidence about the effect of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 this}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 letter on him, but his claim is both in the area of special damage }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 defamation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023053\charrsid14756845 because he pleads }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 pecuniary loss}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 and in the area of def}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 mation }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 per se}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 Damages are at large and do not need to be related to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2245448\charrsid14756845 any}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 pecuniary loss}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 Pecuniary loss is}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 pleaded }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 but not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 proved in this case.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 The Plaintiff may obtain damages for injury to reputation, and injury to feelings, the only pleaded heads which are remotely supported by his evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074646\charrsid14756845 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 \par The authorities in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 McGregor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 leave the assessmen t up to me. I advised Counsel at the hearing that the Plaintiff would receive nothing like the $100,000.00 which he claimed. \par \par I am satisfied there was injury to his feelings and I am satisfied there was injury to his reputation from the fact that the Executive Committee members receive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 d}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 this letter }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572254\charrsid14756845 and the fact that they reported it to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572254\charrsid14756845 Beyond that the depth of injury to be given }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 solace}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572254\charrsid14756845 in damages is a matter of inference only.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572254\charrsid14756845 In the circumstances of both the Plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 and Defendant as I apprehend them I }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 award}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 damages of $1,000.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 All other pleaded claims are dismissed. \par \par The Plaintiff pleaded and at the hearing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 sought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 indemnity costs which Counsel informed me were $3,500.00.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 Against the Defendant I award costs }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8661076\charrsid14756845 of }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 $500.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 In a related action against }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 another }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 five Defendants heard simultaneously with this I have awarded the remaining $3,000.00.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 D.D. Finnigan \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 JUDGE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14756845 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 At Lautoka \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14756845 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736301\charrsid14756845 July}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3299983\charrsid14756845 2005}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957633\charrsid14756845 \par }}