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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 ACTION NO. HBC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 0}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 072 OF 2005}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 BETWEEN:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 JOPE NAVUNISINU}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 PLAINTIFF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 AND:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 SEMISI VUNIVALU
\par EPELI VALE NO 3
\par SAKARAIA LUVUNASAQA
\par VILIAME BULA}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 DEFENDANTS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 Mr Vuataki for the Plaintiff
\par Mr Nacolawa for the Defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 Date of Hearing:\tab \tab 14 April 2005
\par Dates of Submissions:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 \tab 25 April, 12 May and 19 May 2005
\par Date of Ruling:\tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754 03 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 August 2005}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 INTERLOCUTORY RULING OF FINNIGAN J
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 
\par The Plaintiff has obtained two interlocutory injunctions and by this application wants to have them made permanent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 
They were made ex-parte the day after he commenced this action [which is by writ of summons].}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 
They have since been extended by consent until further order of the Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 So, this application need not be before me }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754 at all }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 since the interim injunction would have done perfectly well until the trial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 
\par 
\par I think the real object of the parties has been to test the interim injunctions and see whether they should be discharged now, in which case the Plaintiff\rquote s action may fall by the wayside and w}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 ither}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 away.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 The main thrust is by the Defendants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 
The difficulty faced by the Defendants is that while they have played all their evidentiary cards, the Plaintiff seeks only to make out a case for injunction by the 3 tests in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 
American Cyanamid Company Ltd \endash v- Ethicon Ltd [1975}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754 ]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754  AC}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 396}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 
Is there a serious issue to be tried, are damages an adequate remedy, and if not where does the balance of convenience lie (all in that order)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754 ?}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111880\charrsid6368754 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 
\par The submissions of both Counsel are a joy to read.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 
They set an excellent standard for presentation, relevance, keeping to the point and for the authorities which they cite.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 
Copies of everything referred to in the submission of each Counsel were annexed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 They were nea}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 ly bound.
\par 
\par Not only that, they are refreshing in their direct and sometimes innovative use of English.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 That applies also to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754 p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 arts of the affidavits.
\par 
\par All of which has lead me to conclude that every part of this action has been run backwards.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 Briefly, the Plaint
iff claims ownership of certain caves and the right to charge tourists $5.00 per head for entry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 The Defendant has entered the Plaintiff
\rquote s well established market.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 It has recently claimed ownership of the caves and of the right to charge entry and it is 
now collecting the entry fees.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 
The Plaintiff filed this action seeking a declaration of its right and injunctions to stop what the Defendants are doing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 
Those are the injunctions which have been made meantime, pending trial of the issues of fact and law, and they have been extended till then with the Defendants\rquote  consent.
\par 
\par The Defendants meanwhile have filed a stateme}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 nt of defence and counter claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 There they reveal the nub of the dispute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 In the words }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754 of their Counsel\rquote s submissions:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16580940\charrsid6368754 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 Lot 28 has a
lways been in the legal possession of Mataqali Koro from the beginning of time till today, and no amount of collusion, fraud and/or unlawful acts by the Plaintiff and others can wrestle away the possession or ownership of Lot 28 from the Defendant\rquote 
s }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12130054\charrsid6368754 M}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 ataqali Koro.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 
It is fact however, that the Plaintiff Mataqali Rakirakinato has for the last 26 years been unlawfully claiming by mere strokes of ink pen amendments of the permanent record of the Registrar of Native Lands and illegally vesting the possession o
f Lot 28 to the Plaintiff Mataqali Rakirakinato.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 
This unthinkable act of illegally amending the ownership of Lot 28 was done without any justification and/or basis and/or any shred of evidence at all.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 The fact that the Defendant Mataqali Koro had been silent for the last 26 years did not mean that the Defendants had accepted the illegal claim of the Plaintiff Mataqali Rakirakinato.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 Anything emanating for illegal action will always be illegal.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 It just meant that they did not have financial means to pursue legal action until their present Solicitor Mr Nacolawa decided to take up their case\'94.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146427\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15156841\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15156841\charrsid6368754 It is really the Defendants who are the claimants.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15156841\charrsid6368754 In his submissions, Counsel for the Plaintiff succinctly parries their thrust and makes one of his own;
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15156841\charrsid6368754 \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15156841\charrsid6368754 In his
 answering Affidavit Semisi Vunivalu does not deny the physical demands made on tourists and the entry on to the land referred to.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15156841\charrsid6368754 
But he agrees that the land was registered in the name of Tokatoka Koro but amended wrongfully.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15156841\charrsid6368754 We submit that any question
 raised on that issue should be by way of legal action in the Courts and not the taking of the law into one\rquote s own hands.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15156841\charrsid6368754 
If it respectfully submitted that until quashed or cancelled the title shows that the land belongs to Plaintiff Mataqali and there is a serious issue to be tried\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15156841\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 In th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754  affidavit }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754 he refers to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 
the deponent on behalf of the Defendants had gone to the heart of the matter, had set out the history of the Defendant\rquote s claim to legal title over the caves and then stated; 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 \'93\'85\'85That based on
 the three claims deposed above and the reserve claim made under Ratu Sukuna it has established unequivocally and unambiguously and very clearly without any shadow of doubt that the piece of land which is the subject of this action belongs to Mataqali Kor
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 o\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 Decision
\par }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 
At this stage of proceedings I am bound to accept the submissions of Mr Vuataki for the Plaintiff and apply the principles that govern the granting of injunctions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 It is not time to decide the substantive issue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 The Court cannot do that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1211208\charrsid6368754 until both parties ha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754 ve}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1211208\charrsid6368754  laid }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754 all }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1211208\charrsid6368754 their evidence before the Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1211208\charrsid6368754 It is possible they could do that by affidavits without}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12130054\charrsid6368754 
 cross-examination since the issue between them is the legal issue of who has title and that is to be decided by reference to the public records.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12130054\charrsid6368754 I have listed this matter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14711600\charrsid6368754 
for Friday 26 August and invite Counsel to respond by appearance that day.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754 
We will arrange a substantive hearing, probably by written submissions after any necessary further affidavits.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552897\charrsid6368754 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14711600\charrsid6368754 
\par In the meantime it is not necessary or desirable to interfere with interlocutory injunctions and they will remain enforce until determination of the action.
\par 
\par There is no order for costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14711600\charrsid6368754 D.D. Finnigan
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14711600\charrsid6368754 JUDGE}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6368754 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368754\charrsid6368754 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14711600\charrsid6368754 At Lautoka
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300929\charrsid6368754 03 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14711600\charrsid6368754 August 2005
\par }}