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)}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT SUVA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 CIVIL ACTION NO. 169 OF 2004 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 IN THE MATTER of Section 110(3) of the Land Transfer Act Cap. 131 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 Between: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 CISI FONG}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038702\charrsid2038702 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 the sole Executrix and Trustee \par of the Estate of ANDERSON FONG \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 Plaintiff/Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 FREDRICK WEATHERALL \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 Defendant/Applicant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 \par Ms. B. Narayan for the Plaintiff \par Ms. P. Salele for the Defendant \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038702 Date of decision: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 10 November 2005 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 DECISION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 This is an application by }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Fredrick Weatherall }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 (the \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 defendant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 / }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \rquote ) for Orders as follows: \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 that the interim Order of 14 May 2004 extending period of caveat 537295 be set aside; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 the caveat 537095 be removed forthwith. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Background \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The background to the case has been succinctly stated by the Plaintiff\rquote s/Respondent\rquote s counsel Ms. Narayan as follows and I set it out for ease of reference: \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038702 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The Defendant/Applicant (hereinafter referred to as the \'93}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Defendant}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \'94) is the executor and trustee in the estate of his late father Frank Weatherall. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid2038702 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Forming part of Defendant\rquote s father\rquote s estate is a piece of land known as Raviravi and Dreka (part of) on Lot 1 DP No. 3232 comprised in Certificate of Title No. 20247 in the District of Savusavu and Island of Vanualevu containing 22 acres and one perch (hereinafter referred to as \'93}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 the land}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \'94). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8586211 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 On 22}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 nd}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 of May 1990 the Defendant had the land transferred in his name. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The Plaintiff/Respondent (hereinafter referred to as the \'93}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Plaintiff}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \'94) has lodged a Caveat No. 537095 against any dealing over the land. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The Defendant caused a notice to be served by the Registrar of Titles on the Plaintiff for the removal of the caveat whereby the Plaintiff applied to this Honourable Court on Ex-Parte Summons dated 11}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 th}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 May 2004 and on grounds contained in the Affidavit of Cisi Fong sworn on the 11}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 th}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 of May 2004 for extension of the caveat. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 On the 14}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 th}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 of May 2004 this Honourable Court inter-alia made an Order allowing extension of the caveat. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The present application before this Honourable Court is the Defendant\rquote s Summons dated 9}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 th}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 of August 2004 seeking to set aside the Order made on the 14}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 th}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 of May 2004 and for removal of the caveat. The Defendant relies on the Affidavit of the Defendant sworn on the 2}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 nd}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 of August 2004. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The Plaintiff opposes the said application on the grounds contained in the Affidavits in Reply of Cisi Fong sworn on the 12}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 th}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 of October and Brij Narayan also sworn on the 12}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 th}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 of October 2004 both filed herein. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 The plaintiff\rquote s case \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par The plaintiff claims to have a caveatable interest in the land by virtue of a Sale and Purchase Agreement dated 8 March 1985 entered into between the plaintiff\rquote s late husband, Anderson Fong and Brij Narayan of the one part and the defendant\rquote s late father Frank Weatherall and two others of the other part. \par \par The rest of the events after the agreement are set out as follows by counsel in her written submission at p.4 culminating in the placing of a caveat over the land to protect her interest:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Pursuant to the Agreement the Defendant\rquote s late father had agreed to give two acres of the land to the Plaintiff\rquote s late husband, Anderson Fong in consideration for assistance given and expenses incurred in obtaining the Certificate of Title over the land. Simil ar agreement was made by the other two vendors named in the Agreement for obtaining Certificate of Title over their land being Certificate of Title Nos. 20548 and 20549. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The Plaintiff\rquote s late husband and Brij Narayan kept their part of the Agreement and expended monies, time and effort in obtaining the title of the land and those of the other two vendors and handed over the titles to the Defendant\rquote s late father and the other two vendors. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The Plaintiff\rquote s late father however failed to transfer the land to th e Plaintiff\rquote s late husband and Brij Narayan in breach of the Agreement. Since the Plaintiff and the Defendant are related the parties held a meeting between the two families to try to amicably resolve the situation but the Defendant refused to give effect to the Agreement. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Moreover the Defendant is attempting to dispose off the land in favour of a third party as admitted in paragraph 16 of the Defendant\rquote s Affidavit sworn on 2}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 nd}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 August 2004 hence the Plaintiff had to immediately place a caveat over the land to protect her interest. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Defendant\rquote s case \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The defendant does not deny the existence of the Agreement. He denies the plaintiff\rquote s entitlement under the Agreement by challenging the validity of the Agreement on the grounds, inter alia, that the considerat ion given for the Agreement by way of costs was inadequate in law, that it is voidable as it fails to specify precise two acre area that is the subject of the Agreement and that the defendant\rquote s late father\rquote s capacity to contract at the time was in question and that he relies on the plea of \lquote non est factum\rquote on behalf of his late father. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Issues \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The issues for Court\rquote s determination are: \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 whether the court should set aside the interim order dated 1}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 May 2004 to allow the removal of Caveat No. 537095 filed by the plaintiff/respondent? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Whether removal or non-removal would affect either party and to what extent? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 Consideration of the application \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par As ordered both counsel filed written submissions. I found them very helpful. \par \par Subsequent to my order herein of 14 May 2004, allowing extension of the caveat until further order and giving liberty to the defendant to apply for removal of the said order, the plaintiff filed a }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Writ of Summons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 dated 10 June 2005 being }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 action No. 282/05}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 which she is entitled to do because of the Notice served on her for the removal of the caveat. \par \par In that action the plaintiff is claiming against the defendant the following: \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 that the Caveat No. 537195 registered on 13}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 January 2004 remain on the property pending determination of this action; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 specific performance of the Agreement; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 special and general damages for breach of contract. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 In the Statement of Defence filed therein the defendant prays for the claim of the plaintiff to be dismissed and the caveat removed. \par \par The plaintiff has a caveatable interest in the land by virtue of the said Sale and Purchase agreement and s106 of the Land Transfer Act Cap. 131 protects that interest. \par \par On removal of caveat, in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Bank of Baroda v. Anil Kumar Sabharwal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Civil Action No. HBC}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8586211 0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 105 of 2001L }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Gates J}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 said: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \'93 A wide discretion is given to a judge in Section 110(3) by the phrase \'93upon such evidence as the court may require\'94 in considering applications for removal of a caveat.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Cambridge Credit (Fiji) Limited v. W.F.G. Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 21 F.L.R 182 the Court of Appeal at p. 185 stated: \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \'93 Section 106 of the Fiji Act is designed to protect unregistered instruments in land. For instance an agreement for sale and purchase, an unregistered mor tgage, an agreement to give a mortgage or an option to purchase land are just a few examples of unregistered instruments which are capable of being protected by the lodging of a caveat.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par The Court, further dealing more specifically with the requirements of Section 106 stated: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \'93 The respondent must however, bring itself within the provisions of Section 106 and in order to do this must satisfy the Court that the following are fulfilled: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10034375 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 That it is a person claiming to be entitled to or to be beneficially interested in any land estate or interest under the Act; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 That it is so claiming by virtue of any unregistered agreement or other instrument or transmission or any trust expressed or implied or otherwise howsoever\'94. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Sir Sathi Narain v. Phyllis Kathleen Malley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 34 F.L.R. 118 at 120 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Fatiaki CJ }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 stated: \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri-18\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-18\lin720\itap0\pararsid8586211 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \lquote The scope and purpose of the section dealing with caveats has been generally and succinctly described by the Privy Council in the N.Z. case of }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Abigail v Lapin}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 (1934) A.C. 491 at p.500: \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri-18\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-18\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li1440\ri-18\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-18\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8586211 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \'93For the general protection of equitable interests or estates, the Act provides that a caveat may be lodged with the Registrar by any person claiming as cestui que trust, or under any unregistered instrument or any other estate or interest: the effect of the c a veat is that no instrument will be registered while the caveat is in force affecting the land, estate or interest until after a certain notice to the person lodging the caveat. Thus, though the legal interest is in general determined by the registered tra n sfer, mortgages or other changes, the register may bear on its face a notice of equitable claims, so as to warn persons dealing in respect of the land and to enable the equitable claimant to protect his claim by enabling him to bring an action if he claim s is disputed\'94.\rquote \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 The Courts will give the caveator full opportunity of litigating all matters that might be in dispute thereby protecting the disputed land pending the hearing and determination of the action which the caveator has instituted. \par \par In this case the defendant instead of resolving the dispute attempted to dispose off the property in favour of a third party which led the plaintiff to take action immediately by lodging a caveat over the land. \par \par In dealing with an application of this nature the Court does not attempt to resolve conflict of evidence on affidavit. In this regard in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Sir Sathi Narain}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 (supra) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Fatiaki C.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 on p.121 said: \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \'93 In dealing with this application I am mindful that it is inappropriate for this Court at this stage to dete rmine the rights of the parties to this action in a summary manner particularly where there are conflicting affidavits or where the question of a caveatable interest is a distinctly arguable one.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 Conclusion \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 For the above reasons, having considered the affidavits filed herein and the submissions of both counsel, I am satisfied that there are ample grounds for letting the caveat remain in force. \par \par This is much more so to protect the beneficial interest of the plaintiff in the land particularly where the defendant is intending to dispose off the land without the determination of the dispute in relation to it between the parties. \par \par The defendant\rquote s application is therefore dismissed and the Court\rquote s order of 14 May 2004 for extension of caveat stands until the hearing and determination of the said action No. 282/05. The costs are to be costs in the cause. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8586211 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 D. Pathik \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 Judge}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid10034375 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10034375 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par At Suva \par 10 November 2005}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13901614\charrsid8586211 \par }}