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\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 CIVIL ACTION NO.: HBC}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 0}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 237 OF 2002
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\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 RATU SOLOMONE NAQA & OTHERS
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 Plaintiff
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 AND:
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 THE FIJI ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 Defendant
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 Counsel:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991\charrsid14687991  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 Mr. R. Burbidge QC, Mr. G. Radburn & Mr. P. Wood \endash  for Plaintiff
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 Mr. R. Fardell QC & Mr. Barnes \endash  for Defendant
\par 
\par Date of Hearing:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991\charrsid14687991  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 26th \endash  29th September, 2005
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991\charrsid14687991 Date of Judgment: }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 31st October, 2005
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 JUDGMENT
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\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 Introduction and Background
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991\charrsid14687991 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 The Fiji Electricity Authority (\'93FEA\'94) commissioned its Monasavu Hydro Project in 1983. The land on which the infrastructure is built was acquired by outright purchase in 1978. 
Many Monasavu folk saw little of this money. This aggravated their genuine sense of loss and bewilderment as their traditional land was submerged for the betterment of the country. 
\par 
\par The Monasavu water catchment area, though identified as such, was not acquired leased or submerged. In fact, the defendant Authority had written to the Senior Valuer of 
Ministry of Lands and Mineral Resources in 1978, before the dam acquisition and confirmed that it did not wish to control the catchment area at all, but wished to have a one chain wide strip of land, beyond the maximum flood level around the perimeter of 
the lake. As far as the FEA were concerned the landowners could use the catchment area for traditional purposes, agriculture, grazing and logging. The use of the waters in any tributaries for village supply was to remain with the people.
\par 
\par The total area of the catchment is 25,075 acres. It contains Native Lands, Crown Schedules A and B, Forestry Reserve as well as Native Reserve. 
It would appear that agencies other than FEA subsequently prohibited the landowners from using the catchment and in particular logging trees. The landowners perceived this as depriving them of resources and land use; this created great offence. 
The restriction also reinforced the idea of demanding compensation for the \'93use\'94 of the catchment area. This became a convenient banner for spoilers and profiteers who for their own purposes agitated the wounded feelings of these poor people. 

\par 
\par Although the waters in all tributaries belong to the State the landowners perception assisted by some questionable legal advice was that as the waters
 used for hydro generation were collected over the catchment area and as they believed they had lost the use of the catchment their Mataqali should be compensated. 
The gravity of this grievance was recognized by the Government very early on, but nothing was done to settle it. 
\par 
\par Matters came to a head in 1998 when frustrated landowners staged a takeover of the Wailoa Power Station, placed armed roadblocks around the complex and burnt down the administration block. The police and the military were based at t
he site to maintain order. Instiga}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991\charrsid14687991 tors were arrested and charged.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 
\par 
\par Monasavu was vital to the nations sustainable development. It provided 80% of Fiji\rquote s power. The spoilers and profiteers well knew the hydro plant had to run unhindered and efficiently. Pu
rsuing their own ends they continued to push these frustrated people to demand greater payment for the catchment use.
\par 
\par So it was that a taskforce, engaged by the Prime Minister, made its report on the valuation of the compensation claim and suggested leasing the catchment area to the FEA. 
Cabinet approved a payment without poundage to the NLTB. The NLTB was then prepared to issue a lease offer to the defendant. The compensation offer comprised:
\par 
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\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \tab \tab 99 year lease rent}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991  paid up front \tab \tab $10,010,176.00}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par \tab \tab Timber premiu}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 ms compensation\tab  \tab $1,406,188.38}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par \tab \tab Timber royalty\tab \tab \tab \tab $3,225,702.69
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 
\par This culminated in a meeting held at the Tradewinds Convention Centre where settlement was agreed by most landowners on these terms. However, some Mataqalis did not agree and walk}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 ed out of the meeting.}
{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 
\par 
\par The dissident landowners, who did not agree to the Tradewinds Accord, were gathered up by a lawyer, Mr. Fa, who on their behalf for a modest deposit and a retainer of 10% then issued a High Court writ, citing the Attorney-General,
 the NLTB and FEA as defendants, claiming $38m (Civil Action 576 of 1998 after consolidation of Action 575 of 1998). Further, an injunction was placed on the NLTB from proceeding with the lease offer. 
As a result the grievance was not settled most Mataqali joined the Fa proceedings and agitation increased over the claim.
\par 
\par Following the events of May 19th, 2000, a group of landowners and rebels captured the Monasavu complex at gunpoint and shut down the plant. This resulted in a massive shortfall of generation capacity for FEA, and a period of rolling power cuts took place.
 The blackouts assisted lawlessness. Diesel generation over the use of water to make power was costing the FEA and the nation a million dollars a week. The rolling blackouts, insecurity an
d high diesel generation costs took their toll on both the FEA and the nation\rquote s economy.
\par 
\par The pressure on the FEA to fix this problem was compounded by the historic sense of grievance deeply felt by the Monasavu Mataqali, the uncertainty of the Speight coup outcomes and the personal safety of those most closely involved in seeking a return of 
the facility. 
\par 
\par In August 2000, a meeting was called by the FEA at the Pacific Harbour Centra Hotel, Deuba. This meeting was convened by the FEA to regain control of the Monasavu Hydro complex and secure the safe return of all arms and ammunition on site to the military.
 The team appointed to this task had few riding instructions. They were under considerable pressure to \lquote fix\rquote  the problem.
\par 
\par The meeting produced a Joint Statement of Understanding (\'93JSU\'94) that said for a payment of $52.8m the Monasavu Mataqali would settle their grievances for all time and compromise Case 576 on terms. 
In return the Monasavu people in occupation of the dam would surrender the facilities and all the Mataqali would support the FEA in its vital role of power generation. There were some reservations in the Joint Statement. 
The document is attached as Appendix A.
\par 
\par Thereafter the defendant changed its mind on acquiring a lease of the catchment and sought a variation of the \lquote JSU\rquote . The parties continued to talk about that issue. A s
ummons for compromise on terms containing the defendants varied offer to settle was filed in June of 2001. It was rejected by the plaintiffs. No order was made on the summons. 
Instead, the plaintiffs commenced these further proceedings, separate from Case 576 claiming a binding settlement was reached at Deuba or alternatively later. 
The original proceedings in Case 576 were stayed by my brother Justice Byrne pending a decision in this case.
\par 
\par In these separate but related proceedings the plaintiffs claim a compromise to the original Case 576 on terms was agreed at Deuba or alternatively later. They seek specific performance of that agreement and damages for loss of money use in the meantime. 

\par 
\par The defendant replies that its agents had no authority to settle the landowners grievances on Case 576. Even if they had authority, the FEA further responds by pleading their was no intention to be immediately bound to the terms contained in
 the Joint Statement of Understanding. It is claimed the \lquote JSU\rquote  was no more than a significant progress report on settlement. It does not contain all the essential terms of the contract. 
As for the later formation of an agreement the defendant denies their subsequent offer of compromise was accepted before it was withdrawn.
\par 
\par The following issues fall for my determination:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\keepn\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Was an Agreement reached at Deuba on 11}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
 August 2000 or alternatively later to compromise the claims described in Civil Action 576 and thereby settle the Monasavu grievances for all time.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\keepn\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
If an Agreement was reached at Deuba whether the defendants Agents had the requisite authority to compromise the claims described in Civil Action 576 and thereby settle the Monasavu grievances for all time.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Formation of Contract
\par }\pard\plain \s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 \b\f36\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Intention to be bound 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
It goes without saying that there is no agreement if the parties did not intend to be bound.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
It is sometimes a question of considerable difficulty whether the evidence does establish such an intention.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
That can be particularly so where the parties have signed a preliminary document, for example a heads of agreement, it being anticipated that a more formal and detailed document will be drawn up in due course.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The preliminary agreement, however brief it is, can be binding if it was intended to be.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 (Professor Burrows Canterbury University Update on Contracts NZLS 2003).
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The question of whether a head
s of agreement constituted a binding contract arose in the case of }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Fletcher Challenge Energy Ltd v Electricity Corporation of New Zealand Ltd}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 [2002] 2 NZLR 433.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The parties agreed that the Court should be guided by this New Zealand Court of Appeal decision and its general statement of principle.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I accept the relevance of the case subject to the one reservation that }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Fletcher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  was about a complex long term commercial
 oil and gas supply contract and not the settlement by compromise on terms of a case essentially over native land grievances.
\par 
\par In my view the bargaining process and resultant contracts are different bet}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 ween the two types of agreement.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par A purely commercia
l arrangement may involve a complex set of inter-related trade-offs that allocate acceptable risk in a deliberate and intended transaction that derives its integrity and durability from the general interests of commerce and the reasonable expectations of 
commercial men and women about the essence of their bargain.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
A native land grievance settlement seldom adheres to such a course as its formation, integrity and durability rely on party relationships in addition to the formal rules of contract law. The negot
iation formation and interpretation of such a relational arrangement must, in my view, be augm}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 ented by good faith principles.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 

\par 
\par The }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Fletcher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
 case involved a heads of agreement for the supply of gas between Fletcher Challenge Energy and Electricity Corporation of New Zealand.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It was summarized by Professor Burrows in this way.
\par 
\par The heads of agreement was a relatively short and summary document.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
After a lengthy meeting the parties had agreed on most aspects of it but alongside two items (a force majeure clause and a prepaid gas relief clause) had written \'93not agreed\'94, they also noted that an efficiency factor was still \'93to be agreed\'94.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The document was signed by executives of the two companies under the notation \'93agreed (except where indicated)\'94.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 A clause read: \'93
FCE-ECNZ to use all reasonable endeavours to agree a full sale purchase agreement within three months of the date of this agreement\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The heads of agreement was subject to the condition that ECNZ\rquote s board approved it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 That approval was duly given.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It was
 held by the Court of Appeal (Thomas J dissenting) that the parties had no contract, because at that stage they could not have intended to be contractually bound.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The use of the words \'93not agreed\'94 beside two items was seen as particularly significant; it s
uggested that the items in question were important and that more work needed to be done on them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The court considered that the 
\'93not agreed\'94 items were so labelled because they were of a kind which could not be expected to be settled for the parties by a court or other third party.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 At page 450 Blanchard J. said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \'93
Those provisions, it seems to us, had such substantial financial implications \endash  for ECNZ if they were not included and for FCE if they were \endash  that it would be surprising if the parties had simply left them to be negotiated at a later time.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 We consider that they were marked \'93not agreed\'94
 as an indication of their importance, and that they were regarded as essential terms.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The court thus believed that the heads of agreement was in the nature of a pr
ogress report from the negotiators, and had been signed simply to indicate that the parties had reached \'93an important staging post on the way to final agreement\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The Court of Appeal provided a useful summary of the prerequisites to the formation of a contract.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 They said at page 444:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par The prerequisites to formation of a contract are therefore:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 An intention to be immediately bound (at the point where the bargain is said to have been agreed); and

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 An a
greement, express or found by implication, or the means of achieving an agreement, (eg an arbitration clause) on every term which:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 was legally essential to the formation of such a bargain; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 was regarded by the parties themselves as essential to their particular bargain.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
A term is to be regarded by the parties as essential if one party maintains the position that there must be agreement upon it and manifests accordingly to the other party. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The Court of Appeal in the }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Fletcher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  case also provides guidance on how an intention to be immediately bound can be adjudicated. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart99\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The intention of the parties is to be assessed objectively.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The Court asks what meaning the document would convey to a reasonable person
 having all the background knowledge available to the parties in the situation in which they were in at the time.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Subjective views are not relevant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The kind of person making this assessment in my view would be taken to be a fair minded, informed, reasonable and neutral bystander.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
This bystander before making a decision important to the parties would ordinarily be taken to be informed of the basic considerations relevant to arriving at a conclusion founded on a fair understanding of all the available circumstances.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
In determining whether there is an intention to be bound preliminary negotiations, surrounding circumstances and subsequent conduct are relevant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Fletcher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
 one of the points taken into account was the fact that when the parties came back to the negotiating table after having signed the heads of agreement, they regarded points apparently already agreed as up}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991  for re-negotiation (page 444).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart99\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The matrix of fact including printed and spoken words or actions of the parties in the course of thei
r negotiations may be considered.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v K.S. Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  [1985] 2 NS WLR 309 at 337, McHugh JA drew attention to Corbins observation in \'93Contracts\'94 (volume 3 at page 305) that }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \'93we need not begin excluding all parol evidence until we know the contract has been made\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart99\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
It is also very important in considering the intention of the parties to be bound by agreement to bear in mind the dynamics of the negotiation process and the internal inter-relationship of the terms of the bargain.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Tamberlin J of the Federal Court of Australia made the following valuable observation in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Telstra Corporation Ltd v Seven Cable Television Pty Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  [2001] 71 ALR 89 at page 114 (para (97)):
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 \i\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \'93When parties are negotiating in order to arrive at a contract to govern their legal relations the process is often complex, \'85this process sometimes involves a series of mutual \'93
trade offs\'94 whereby a concession is made by one party in respect of one provision in exchange for the giving of a concession by the other party in respect of a different provision.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
It will also involve compromise and adjustment so that it is often difficult to determine whether at any particular point of time prior to execution of a final agreement the parties have entered into contractual relations.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Before a final contract is made is it also difficult to detach any particular provision form its context and say that a full and final agreement had been reached on that}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 particular clause as a discreet agreement\'94.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart99\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The court adopts a neutral approach when determining whether the parties have intended to enter a contract.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 An agreement to agree is no longer necessarily fatal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I doubt }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 May and Butcher v The King}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 [1934] 2 KB 17n, long regarded as one of the leading cases in this area, would be decided the same way today.}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
An agreement to agree will not be held void for uncertainty if the parties have provided a workable formula or objective standard or machinery such as arbitration or indeed if the Court is able to determine any matter that has been left open.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 (cf Professor McLauchlan in \'93Rethinking Agreements to Agree\'94 [1998] 18 NZULR 77).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Once an intention to be bound is found, the court can be quite proactive 
in assigning meaning to the terms to be agreed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The court can step in and apply the formula or standard if the parties fail to agree, or can substitute other machinery if the designated machinery breaks down.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 If a court is satisfied that the parties i
ntended a contract it will do everything within its power to give meaning to the terms or to operate the contract without them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
In the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Fletcher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
 case, indeed, the court found that had that intention to be bound been present, there was enough in the document to render it enforceable.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The problem was that the intention had not been established (pages 453-457).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 The Background to Deuba
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991\charrsid14687991 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It is common ground that the \'93FEA\'94
 acknowledged the long standing Monasavu landowners grievance and their demands for compensation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
I find it relevant that as early as 1998 the FEA Board participated in a Government organized scheme to pay over some $14m.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
This was the sum fixed by the Tradewinds Accord.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Indeed the FEA was in the process of considering a lease of the catchment are
a provided by the NLTB when that accord was destroyed by dissident landowners filing the original proceedings seeking a far greater sum.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 T
he Deuba meeting took place in the immediate background of the May 2000 coup and the uncertainty surrounding its outcome.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
It is an irresistible inference that some plaintiff landowners assisted in the takeover and partial destruction of the hydro dam complex in c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 onjunction with Speight rebels.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par What is clear is that the cost to the nation of having the hydro electric facility off line was unacceptable.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
A loss of $1m a week caused by the need to make power under diesel generation if unchecked would effectively bankrupt the FEA and ruin the nation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 (See Deans Board Report Ex.1 tab 7). Something had to be done quickly and if that involved paying more than the $14m fixed by the Tradewinds Accord then the FEA would have to abso}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 rb that comparably modest cost.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par I find the immediate need to recover the facility and safely see FEA employees back in control of the hydro plant a
fter the surrender of arms and ammunition by the rebels drove the FEA to its meeting at Deuba. The expectations of the meeting for both parties were different but I accept the evidence of the defendants witnesses and their explanation for the involvement 
of the Qaranivalu and the advertising of the meeting (Volavola para 21).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The fact that the first item on the agenda after the traditional ceremonies had been completed was a demand for the return of the facility and surrender of weapons and ammunition empha
sizes the importance of this issue in the minds of the FEA negotiating team.
\par 
\par I find the FEA negotiating team otherwise had few riding instructions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Their mandate was to secure the return of the dam.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It is clear that to achieve their objective they would 
have to discuss settlement of landowner grievances and a compromise of Case 576.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Kasa Saubulinayau included those in his agenda (332/9).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
They must have known the cost of diesel generation over hydro power and so had a sense of how valuable a cash settlement would be over paying ongoing fuel costs.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
I further find that while there is no direct evidence that the FEA oversaw or approved the offer made by Kasa Saubulinayau prior to the 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  of August 2000 it is a fair inference that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
FEA knew that to secure the return of the dam they would have to consider a compromise of the original proceedings thereby settling the peoples grievance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The claims subsequently made by the CEO Mr. Dean that he knew nothing of the grievance settlement discussion at Deuba is unbelievable.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I found his evasive answers in cross- examination unhelpful.
\par 
\par The amended writ (28 June, 2000) sought various declarations and included a compensation claim for $52,423,032.60.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
This claim was based on causes of action loosely pleaded as breaches of constitutional rights, unlawful occupation of the plaintiff\rquote s land and trespass.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The plaintiffs sought compensation from the defendants for the use of their land as a water catchment a
rea for the previous 15 years (since 1982). The figures claimed in those proceedings were allegedly based on a study commissioned by the plaintiffs that calculated compensation $2,356.64 per acre.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The writ also sought various declarations that by inference seek to hobble the defendant with a future lease of the catchment.
\par 
\par An objective bystander would know that a compromise on terms would somehow have to settle payment of the sum claimed and settle the lease issue for the FEA once and for all. The FEA has a
t times for collateral reasons, such as durability of any long term settlement, been prepared to lease catchment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 However, FEA
\rquote s concern that a lease of this or any other catchment was unnecessary is underscored in their statement of defence on Case 576.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 That defence was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 filed before the Deuba meeting.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I find the parties came to Deuba prepared to settle Case 576.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Some of the evidence supporting this finding is:
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Mr. Kasa Saubulinayau was appointed by the Chairman of the FEA to form a negotiating team.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The recruitment of the Qaranivalu. 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The drafting of an agenda including a third item which was compensation (Mr. Saubulinayau 332/9).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The arrival at Deuba on the Friday of the defendants chief financial officer with comments on the construction of the offer of settlement.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Discount calculations made with the assistance of Mr. Donlan (Ex.1 tab 10).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The first offer of $10m and the subsequent counter offer of $52.8m.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Telephone calls between the negotiating team at Deuba and their FEA masters.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par Something must be said of the private negotiations conducted between the defendants representative Mr. Saubulinayau and Mr. Fa.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
It must be remembered at this time Mr. Fa held an agreement of retainer with his plaintiff clients that would see him r
eceive 10% of any settlement or court award. That he managed to secure a $5m deposit into his trust account upon the executing and filing of a Deed of Settlement is therefore understandable but not coincidental (evidence p.101).
\par 
\par This concession by the FEA negotiator underscores in my view the defendants intention to be bound not only to a payment of a fixed sum but a structured payment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It also says something of the breadth of mandate the FEA negotiators believed they had.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Why else would the FEA negotiator \lquote sweeten\rquote  the deal by keeping a major portion of Mr. Fa\rquote s retainer secure in his trust account.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It also says something about the ostensible authority held out to the landowners and their lawyer.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par The written offer by Mr. Saubulinayau, an oral counter offer by Mr. Fa and its acceptance sealed a bargain for the FEA, Mr. Fa and his clients.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The essence of the bargain was recorded in the Joint Statement of Understanding.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It is to that document I now turn (Ex.1 vol.1 tab 11 of appendix).
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 The \lquote JSU\rquote 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The introductory statement makes it clear that the understanding deals with the Monasavu landowners claims represented in High Court Action 576/98.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
It was recorded that an agreement would be drafted (by inference for presentation to court) that would firstly: bring an \'93end to the dispute;\'94 that is the wider sense of grievance held by the Monasavu landowners and the FEA\rquote 
s resistance to a lease; and secondly: \'93discontinue Case 576\'94 as then pleaded.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
That includes the claim for damages, the declarations sought and the future use of the land.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The JSU commits the parties to include in that agreement the subsequent \'93principle features\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Paragraph 1 sets the 
price for putting an end to the dispute and the discontinuance of Case 576.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It was $52.8m.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It leaves open the issue of equity participation by the landowners.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Unlike }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Fletcher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
 this was an open issue to be pursued in good faith as opposed to a term marked not agreed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Paragraph 2 secures for the FEA its long established principle in relation to Monasavu and any other generation project that there was no requirement for it to lease any catchment area.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The inclusion of this principle was consistent with the FEA\rquote s particular defence and st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 anding on this issue generally.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Paragraph 3 is I find a collateral agreement concerning the Wainisavulevu Water Catchment Area.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
It is a good faith sweetener for the FEA but not an essential term. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Paragraph 4 again emphasizes that the FEA is paying the $52.8m to settle the court action.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 That is all the aspects of Case 576.}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The first payment is to the plaintiffs negotiator Mr. Fa.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It is described as a goodwill payment into his trust account in the sum of $5m. That payment was to act as a trigger for the landowners to file their notice of discontinuance.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It was due to be paid on the execution of a Deed of Settlement.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The fact that the agreement then provides for additional future payments indicates an understanding by the FEA negotiators of the breadth of their mandate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It must be remembered that the defendants chief financial officer prepared the payment schedule.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It also portrays the negotiators as having the authority to conclude arrangements over not only the amount to settle but also the method of payment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Paragraph 4 parks the issue of indexation and an equity scheme.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
These are open not closed issues as they are subject to variation or discontinuance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Clause 4 makes it clear that either pa
rty can resile from the payment method not the payment nor the settlement of claims or compromise of Case 576.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Paragraph 5 specifies a good faith gesture from the plaintiffs landowners.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Paragraph 6 records that the plaintiffs will accept the payment of the $52.8m in \'93full and final settlement of all claims\'94
 against the FEA in respect of the Monasavu Electricity Scheme claims. Objectively I take that to mean not only those claims represented in High Court Action 576 of 1998 but any other present or future claim. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The issue of indexation was resolved in another way. Shortly after Deuba Mr. Fa withdrew the claim for indexation (Vol.1 tab 26 and Evidence p.113).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The quantum and method of payment provided for in the Joint Statement of Understanding remained consistent throughout the documentary trail.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I accept Mr. Fa\rquote s evidence that Clause 4 was inserted to provide him with time to discuss the indexation issue.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 He did not see it as preventing settlement.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par The informed bystander would know the Courts have a wide overriding power to approve or vary settlements.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The Court may well consider a \'93stream\'94 of payments or equity participation preferable to a one lump sum payment if only to protect \lquote minor\rquote  interests (under Order 80) and ensure that future generations of 
landowners gain the benefit of such a substantial settlement. 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
An important feature of the Joint Statement of Understanding is its preservation of the defendants position over catchment leases.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 At the outset the FEA\rquote s defence to such claims was that they
 did not need a lease of the catchment area as the water running over the land and through the tributaries belonged to the State and did not create a use by the FEA of the catchment area (cf Amended Statement of Defence Case 576 paragraphs 2 - 4).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Further their defence was that they had never restricted the landowners use of the catchment area.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The FEA had been prepared to \lquote trade\rquote 
 on this issue for the sake of compromise but I find the defendants preference was to treat any settlement as a good will payment and not compensation (cf Minutes Day 2 Ex.1 vol.1 tab p.34).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 This was an important point of principal for the FEA on Monasavu and any other hydro scheme.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par It was only after Deuba that the defendant sought a variation of the agreement to include a lease to improve the look of such a substantial goodwill payment in its books (Ex 1 vol 2 tabs 40 and 42).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 At Deuba the bystander would view Clause 2 as indicative of a \lquote win\rquote  for the FEA on this issue and a further indication of an intention}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 to be bound to its terms.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par I am satisfied by the subsequent conduct of the parties that they proceeded on the unaltered basis that the FEA would pay the sum of $52.8m over time.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 That sum and payment method were consistently recorded in correspondence throughout the following months.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The FEA Legal Adviser and its CEO refer to an agreement reached at Deuba and a commitment to pay the $52.8m (Ext 1 tabs 16, 18 and 33).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The FEA Board and Cabinet approved this payment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The figure of $52.8m and method of payment were also described in the summons to compromise.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
After the meeting had been told about the JSU, the parties participated in a traditional Fijian ceremony denoting resolution of their grievances.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The defendant points to that ceremony and submits that it is irrele
vant as the case falls to be determined by conventional legal principles and not by reference to traditional ceremonies.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
This is not an occasion on which I need to explore the significant cultural impact of ceremonies on domestic law and the importance of making agreements in Fiji in a traditional way.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par The fact is however that such}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 ceremonies are an every day experience in the lives of our citizens and have real meaning.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I accept the evidence of Mr. Volavola that these ceremonies set the seal on agreement
s with Fijians by having both parties embrace the arrangements by the sharing of \'93yaqona\'94 the presentation of \'93tabua\'94 and the offering of respect to the agreement, ancestry and parties involved by eloquent rhetoric.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Parliament has the power under the Cons
titution to make provision for the application of customary laws and for dispute resolution in accordance with traditional Fijian processes (Section 86 of the Constitution).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The fact that Parliament has that power doesn\rquote t yet elevate these ceremonies into 
a legal significance but it does underscore their importance in the objective assessment of whether or not Fijians intend to be bound to an agreement at any point in time.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par I accept the sincerity and respect given by the parties to the agreement under this ceremony.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
I find it objectively points to an immediate intention to be bound.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par An objective bystander would be taken to be informed of their importance in signi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 fying an intention to be bound.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid14687991 Finding
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I find there was a bargain made at Deuba on the 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  of August that sought to compromise Case 576 on terms.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
This bargain was always going to be subject of court oversight.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
This is reflected in the subsequent actions of the defendants in filing a summons of \'93compromise on terms\'94 for the courts approval (Ex.1 vol.3 tab 72).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 There therefore existed a mechanism under which any outstanding matters may have been resolved by the court exercising its residual discretion to protect the interests of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 children.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I am confident that having found an agreement as described there is enough in the Joint Statement of Understanding to render it enforceable.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Indeed enough for the Court to pro-actively assign meaning to the terms to be agreed under its wide powers to protect minor interests and ensure durability of any settlement.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Despite my finding that a bargain was reached to compromise Case 576 on the 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
 of August 2000 at Deuba the question remains whether the FEA\rquote s agents had the power to commit to such a settlement.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Ostensible Authority
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The defendant Fiji Electricity Authority is a body corporate established under the Electricity Act (Cap. 180) Laws of Fiji.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 A good starting point to assess the authority of the FEA negotiators is that act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Under Section 11A the Authority may appoint officers and servants to carry out the provisions of the act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The general functions of the Authority are detailed in Section 13 and include the ability to acquire any property, construct any generating station and carry on any other activity that appears advantageous or convenient to it in conne
ction with the performance of its prime duties. The authority of an FEA servant or officer is derived directly from statute by way of appointment which may include appointment by ratification.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par A statutory corporation is a legal fiction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Its existence capacities and activities are only such as the law attributes to it.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The acts and omissions attributed to a corporate body are the acts and omissions of natural persons.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 A corporation is bound by an act done when an officer who does it purports thereby to bi
nd the corporation and that person is authorized to do so (directly or ostensibly) or the doing of the act is subsequently ratified.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The foundation of ostensible authority is estoppel, as Diplock LJ pointed out in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Freeman and Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  [1964] 2 QB 480 at 530.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
In that passage although Diplock LJ confined his observations to the ostensible authority of an agent to bind his principle to a contract the same rules apply to officers acting for statutory authorities (see }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Armagas Ltd v Mundogas S.A.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  [1986] AC 717 at page 732.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par The material enquiry calls for identification of the particular act, the person who did it and the authority \endash  actual or ostensible \endash  for that person to bind the corpor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 
ation by the doing of that act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par I accept the submissions of the plaintiffs that there is considerable evidence to support both a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991 ctual and ostensible authority:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 

\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The Act contemplates that officers will be appointed from time to time to conduct the corporation\rquote 
s business (Section 11(A)).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The history of the Monasavu grievance and the involvement of the FEA in terms of settling it and the active participation of the Government in the matter.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The process of convening the meeting and encouraging mataqalis participation.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Mr. Saubulinayau at page 330 refers to his appointment by the Defendant\rquote 
s Chairman to head a negotiating team \'93to take over full negotiation with the landowners\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
He believed he had ample authority to draw up an agenda which included compensation. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The frequent contact between the negotiators and the FEA during the course of the meeting.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The presence of the defendants Accountant and his contribution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The pa
ttern of bargaining including an initial written offer of $10m then the subsequent offer of $52.8m including payment terms.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I accept Mr. Fa\rquote 
s evidence as the pre Deuba conversations he had with Mr. Saubulinayau he had the power where he claimed to negotiate settlement.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
For these reasons I find it was clear that the FEA officers and servants present at Deuba portrayed an ostensible authority to negotiate a compromise on terms of Case 576.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I find the plaintiffs reasonably relied on that ostensible authority.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par A more cynical view would only have the negotiators deliberately sent to the Deuba meeting without a clear mandate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
They may have been sent only to secure the hydro plant at any cost ignorant of their instructions thus leaving the CEO and Board with deniability of any settlement reached on the wider issues.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 If that was so the defendants \lquote willful blindness\rquote  over mandate does not assist.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It is still valid for a party to rely on an ostensible authority of opposing negotiators until such time as the authority portrayed is unequivocally revoked.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Clear revocation of authority was not given until the Smith letter of 30}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  August (Ex. 1 tab 21) long after the Deuba meeting.
\par 
\par I quite separately find that the defendants Board ratified and adopted the actions of Mr. Saubulinayau at Deuba and the settlement he achieved (see Administrative Board Meeting 1/11/2000 Exhibit 1 tab 36 page 218.9 and again Ex.1 tab 44 page 261).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 That position was confirmed by Mr. Dean to the Director of Energy by two letters written i
n January 2001 (Exhibit 1 tab 45 page 266 and tab 46).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Similar advise was given by Mr. Dean to the Ministry of Works and Energy by letter of the 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 nd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
 of March, 2001.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Finally the settlement was published as part of the corporations Annual Report (Ex.1 tab 44).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par I find there is no ambiguity or confusion about ratification of the amount agreed to settle Case 576 the figure of $52.8m remains constant in documents from the 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  of August throughout the documentary trail past the FEA Board on more than one occasion and the Cabinet up to the compromise proposed to the Court and after (Ex.1 tab 78).
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The only real alteration during that time being the apparent about turn of the defendant on the issue of a lease for the catchment area.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 They decided it was embarrassing to their books to have such a large goodwill payment made without a corresponding asset to record against it (Ex. 1 tabs 40 and 42).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The lease was otherwise unimportant to the FEA as they had always believed it was unnecessary and may set a dangerous precedent.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2963165 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid2963165 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid2963165 Good Faith
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14687991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14687991\charrsid2963165 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Bobux Marketing Ltd v Raynar Marketing Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
 [2002] 1 NZLR 506, his Honour Mr. Justice Thomas believed that there was a place for a general obligation of good faith in New Zealand Contract Law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 He noted that many contracts are not discreet but either create or reflect relationships which may last for a long period of time.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 What the future will bring in such contracts is inherently uncertain and a duty of good faith enhances the continuous smooth working of such agreements.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 His Honour observed that in the commercial context such a duty exists in 
America through the Uniform Commercial Code and International Trade Law without any evidence that commercial transaction has become unworkable or uncertain as a result.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 He recalled also that the concept of good faith is the latent premise of many doctrines
 in the law of contract for example the doctrine of promissory estoppel, relief against forfeiture, the invalidation of penalty clauses etc he continued:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6568809 (at page 516)}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 

\par \'93certainly the notion of a more explicit concept of good faith in the law of contract will continue to have its detractors.}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The principle is already beset by agonizing enquiries into what can be meant by good faith.}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Good faith is closely associated with notions of fairness, honesty and reasonableness which are already well recognized in the law \'85}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Underlying the concept, to my mind, is a perception of loyalty to the promise made which provides a standard, rather than a rule and which does not require the abandonment of self interest\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 J.L. Stanley Ltd v Fuji Xerox NZ Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 , High Court Auck
land CP 479/96 unreported but dated 5 November 1997, Elias J said that an obligation of good faith must be implied wherever a contract is \'93predicated upon mutual confidence\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 In commonwealth jurisdictions there has been a marked unwillingness to imply any such obligation in detailed commercial contracts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 However, relational contracts those relying more on mutual confidence for their legal integrity and durability must be negotiated and completed in \lquote good faith\rquote .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 In my view, a distinction can be drawn betwee
n contracts of a purely commercial nature such as joint venture and franchise agreements on the one hand and agreements reached to settle constitutional like disputes such as land grievances.
\par 
\par Fijian jurisprudence, and so its contract law, is underpinned by the Supreme Law of the Constitution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The constitutional compact described in Section 6 contains guarantees for the citizen that in return for accepting governance by the Republic a citizen\rquote s rights, culture and custom will be preserved and advanced.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 It
 must be remembered that the majority of land in Fiji is protected for its Fijian owners by the creation of leasehold interests now supervised by a Native Land Trust Board. 
\par 
\par In my view these constitutional provisions overlay negotiations and agreements about land in Fiji and particularly for our purposes land grievance disputes.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 They predicat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6568809 e that negotiations over such g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6568809 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 evances and the subject land and its future use or alienation must proceed upon mutual confidence and good faith.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Fairness, honesty a
nd reasonableness all well recognized in the law must augment the formation, formulation and interpretation of such contracts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 

\par 
\par The legal formalism that lead to the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Fletcher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
 decision is perhaps acceptable for a complex oil and gas agreement where astute commercial negotiators can be left alone to pursue their bargain.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Not so, in my view, the parties to a land grievance when negotiating and forming their settlements.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 These arrangements often reflect lengthy past relationships and bind generations to come.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The agreements reached must be durable otherwise they risk uncertainty that impacts not only on the parties but all citizens as uncertainty in a land grievance challenges the credibility of the constitutional compact.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par Accordingly, in addition to the findings I have made and quite independent of them, I imply good faith into the negotiating process and the contract with the following effect.
\par 
\par Regarding ostensible authority I find that the FEA was obliged to tell the landowners and their lawyer in a way they could understand that their negotiators at the meeting did not have the power to decide.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
In the absence of such a clear and unequivocal statement I find the plaintiffs were entitled to accept the ostensible authority portrayed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Indeed the defendants own CEO after Deuba recognizes that the accord must proceed because expectations of settlement have been raised in the minds of the plaintiffs.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 (Ex.1 vol.2 tab 53).
\par 
\par I find that in good faith the landowners accepted the $52.8m in full settlement of all disputes for all time for all generations including the dispute portrayed in Case 576.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I find they compromised their position by accepting there was no need for the FEA to lease catchment. 
\par 
\par I find that in good faith the parties were prepared to discuss indexation but this was not an essential term as it could be varied or discontinued at either parties option.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The fact that indexation was excluded subsequently underscores this finding.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I find that the parties in good faith formed an immediate intention to b
e bound to a settlement described by the Joint Statement of Understanding.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 In good faith they fixed a settlement sum.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 In good faith they agreed a payment schedule.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Now in good faith they should both be held to that arrangement.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid6568809 Conclusion and Orders
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6568809 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The plaintiffs wish to retain the benefit of their agreement compromising Action No. 576 of 1998.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The defendant accepts the plaintiffs submission that a remedy of specific performance of any agreement is available and would be appropriate in this case.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par The equitable remedy of specific performance is discretionary and will be granted only if the Court regards the making of such an order as one appropriate in the circumstances (Jones and Goodheart \endash  Specific Performance (Butterworths London 1986).}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The courts will usually order specific performance where damages are an inadequate remedy (}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Lone Inve}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6568809 stments Corporation of Australa}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
sia vs Bonner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  [1970] NZLR 724 (PC).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
I have decided an order for specific performance will not lead to any prejudice to the plaintiff or defendant through unwanted performance and may be of benefit to the plaintiffs minors and unborn children.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Any compromise on behalf of those persons requires the approval of the court under Order 80 Rule 8.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I find (subject to the filing of a fu
rther plaintiffs memorandum) that I have enough information available to me to consider specific performance as opposed to damages as an appropriate safeguard for the interest of those minors.
\par 
\par I am satisfied that an order for the specific performance of 
the Deuba Accord will give effect to the particular arrangements that both parties deemed appropriate when they reached their agreement to compromise Case 576 to settle all of the Monasavu grievances.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I am satisfied that Mr. Fa was prepared to waive indexation on his clients behalf and it is therefore an unnecessary burden on the defendants now to expect them to pay it.
\par 
\par I generally accept the terms of that agreement as described by plaintiffs counsel in closing submissions at page 7.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s3\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 \b\f36\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Damages
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6568809 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The plaintiffs seek damages for the delay in implementation of the relevant agreement.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 They submitted an actuarial report of Mr. David Keep, a chartered accountant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 His report proceeded on three assumptions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The first as to the timing of payments.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The plaintiffs con
servatively submit that the first payment would have been made several months after the Deuba Accord and chose the 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 st}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  of May, 2001 as an appropriate starting date.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
I accept the plaintiffs reasoning in that regard.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 However, because of a subsequent finding 
that early date does not assist the plaintiffs damages claim.
\par 
\par Secondly, the plaintiffs assumed only part of the expense of the litigation would have been deducted from that initial payment leaving a balance available for investment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 However, their assessment of the amount of those expenses have been wrongly calculated with the benefit of hindsight and consideration of Mr. Fa\rquote 
s new fees agreement for hourly charging.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Mr. Fa may latterly have altered his agreement with the plaintiff for the payment of his l
egal fees but at the relevant time I am satisfied that he would not be charging on an hourly basis and was looking to secure the bulk of his retainer fee by accepting payment of the sum of $5m into his trust account.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I reject the plaintiffs argument that o
ne can, with the benefit of hindsight, assume that a smaller amount would have become payable on an hourly charging basis. 
\par 
\par I am fortified in that view as Mr. Fa\rquote s subsequent conduct indicated quite an aggressive approach to protecting that payment. The 
least that can be said is that he wanted to ensure he had control of that $5m and therefore the only proper assumption is that it would not have been available for investment on behalf of the plaintiffs and on the balance of probabilities was to be used t
o secure Mr. Fa\rquote s retainer.
\par 
\par Accordingly, in my mind that first sum should be excluded from the loss of use calculation.
\par 
\par This has the practical effect of making the first available payment to the plaintiffs as the $1,000,000.00 due on the 30}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  of September, 2002.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
It is from that date interest would have been earned on the accumulated investments over the period.
\par 
\par As for the quantum of that interest I prefer the reasoning used by the defendants expert Mr. Chung.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
I adopt the calculation method set out by him in Schedule 3 of his report.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
In particular I accept that there would have been entry fees charged to any investor and thereafter management fees for the ongoing care of the investment portfolio.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par I also accept Mr. Chung\rquote s conservative reasoning that t
he benefit of hindsight is not to be used as a yardstick to gauge the appropriate interest rate and that in fact the prudent investor would have been likely to spread his investment between the then available unit trusts in Fiji and I accept the average r
ates of interest and average entry fee charges he has calculated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 
\par Concerning the assumption of lease.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
It was important for the FEA to establish the principle that they had no obligation to assume a lease of any catchment area.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
That was the bargain they struck.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 FEA subsequently changed its mind and wanted a lease.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 That was a proposed variation to the bargain they made.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 A lease was included in a summons for compromise but that was rejected by the plaintiffs.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 As I have found that the contract was formed at}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Deuba I prefer to maintain the position established in paragraph 2 of the Joint Statement of Understanding that the FEA did not need to lease the catchment area comprising some 25,000 acres. Accordingly the lease payments included in the plaintiffs calcul
ations are removed entirely from the calculated loss.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par It naturally follows that the order for specific performance will include a declaration that the FEA is not obliged to lease the catchment area.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 If the FEA decides it requires the exclusive control of more catchment land it can be free to negotiate any such lease with the NLTB in the usual fashion.
\par 
\par I should further note that in coming to my ultimate ruling and orders I have taken into account Order 80 and its sub-rules.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The settlement is substantial and must benefit the plaintiff Mataqalis for a considerable time.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Evidence was lead that Mr. Fa has arranged for separate Mataqalis Trusts to be established.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
He has devised a method for the equitable sharing of any monetary award between the plaintiffs through these trusts.
\par 
\par The Court will ensure the durability of its award and protect minor interests so I will require the plaintiff to file a memorandum containing those details.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 In the interim all monies will be paid into Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
Judgment is entered for the plaintiff and subject to the following matters I order specific performance by the parties of the Deuba Joint Statement of Understanding (Ex.1 vol.1 tab 11).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The defendant will pay into Court the sum of $52.8m in the following manner.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The defendant will pay into Court the sum of $5m as a first payment by the 30}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  November, 2005. This sum may be disbursed by the Court to Mr. Fa after approval of the memorandu
m he will file. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
The defendant will pay the plaintiff the outstanding capital and interest due for payments from 2002 to 2005 calculated at appendix B.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
That total sum of $4,404,751 to be paid in to Court by the 30}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  November, 2005. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The calculatio
n uses the method described by Mr. Chung in his Schedule 3.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
In case my calculation is in error I reserve leave to the parties to apply to vary any technical deficiency by application to be made no later than the 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  of November, 2005.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Thereafter the calcul
ated figure will be deemed correct.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (5)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 The plaintiff will file and serve by the 11}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
 of November, 2005 a memorandum detailing its intentions for the equitable distribution of the fund between the plaintiffs trusts; providing a full accounting of fees and disbursements and a general trust account reconciliation for the plaintiffs.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 That memorandum will include the following information:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls10\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Copies of trust deeds for each individual Mataqali.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls10\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Proposals for trust administration fees.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls10\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Proposals for division of any money received as a lump sum and a schedule of payments for the future.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls10\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
A full fee and disbursement statement together with a balance statement including client trust account reconciliations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls10\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 In the interim all set
tlement proceeds will be received by the Court and held pending my final order giving practical effect to the disbursement of funds.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (6)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
I declare that the FEA has no obligation to lease any catchment area for the Monasavu hydro scheme.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (7)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 I declare that no indexation of future payments is required.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (8)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Costs are reserved.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 An application is to be filed by the 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  of November, with replies by the 18}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174  of November.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 There will be a hearing on costs on the 25}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6568809  of November, 2005 at 9.30am.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 Gerard Winter
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid6568809 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6568809 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid6568809 
\par At Suva
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid6568809 31st October, 2005
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1278\clshdrawnil \cellx1170\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1436\clshdrawnil \cellx2606\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1084\clshdrawnil \cellx3690\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1630\clshdrawnil \cellx5320\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx6677\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx8034\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx9391\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13857174 
\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par Date\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13857174 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par Capital\cell 
\par Rate\cell 
\par Amount\cell 
\par Fee\cell 
\par Net Int.\cell 
\par Balance
\par  \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1278\clshdrawnil \cellx1170\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1436\clshdrawnil \cellx2606\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1084\clshdrawnil \cellx3690\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1630\clshdrawnil \cellx5320\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx6677\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx8034\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx9391\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 30/9/02\cell 
\par 1,000,000\cell 
\par \cell \cell 
\par 40,000\cell 
\par \cell 
\par 960,000
\par \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1278\clshdrawnil \cellx1170\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1436\clshdrawnil \cellx2606\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1084\clshdrawnil \cellx3690\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1630\clshdrawnil \cellx5320\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx6677\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx8034\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx9391\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
\par 29/9/03\cell 
\par \cell 
\par 10%\cell 
\par 96,000\cell 
\par 3,840\cell 
\par 92,160\cell 
\par 1,052,160
\par \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
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\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx9391\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
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\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx9391\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
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\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx9391\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
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\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx9391\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
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\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1357\clshdrawnil \cellx9391\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13857174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13857174\charrsid13857174 
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