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\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \s18\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 CRIMINAL APPEAL CASE NO.: HAA}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396\charrsid5918396 0}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 138 OF 2004
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\par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \s18\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 AKUILA NAVUDA
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Appellant
\par }\pard \s18\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 AND:
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\par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 STATE
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Respondent
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par Counsel:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Appellant \endash  In Person
\par Ms N. Tikoisuva \endash  for State
\par 
\par Date of Hearing & Decision:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 14th June, 2005
\par 
\par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 EX}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396\charrsid5918396  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 TEMPORE DECISION
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\par This is an extempore decision given at the end of a short sentencing appeal.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
As such I reserve the right to recall or perfect the decision.
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\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Background

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
The accused with another were charged with 42 counts of housebreaking, entry and larceny contrary to Section 300(a) of the Penal Code Act, Cap 17.
\par 
\par The background to the matter is that they broke and entered the Balantine Memorial School for girls and once successfully inside the girls dormitory they stole a number of items of property and clothing belonging to the students.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par 
\par In essence this resulted in the 30 separate charges that this appellant faced.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
On the 28th of April 2004 the case was called before the learned Magistrate and the 30 counts were put to the appellant.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 He pl
eaded guilty in respect of 15 of those counts.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
Again he appeared on the 8th of June 2004 he was sentenced to 3 years for those 15 counts to be served concurrently.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par 
\par He was brought back before the Court again on the 13th of October 2004 to proceed to trial on the remaining counts.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
At the commencement of trial the appellant indicated he wished to change his plea.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
He was convicted and sentenced to 12 months imprisonment for each count to be served concurrently with each other but cumulatively upon the term that he was currently serving.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 In total then this young first offender received a term of 4 years imprisonment for one event.
\par 
\par He brings an appeal now primarily on the grounds that his sentence was harsh and excessive and in particular he highlights:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 That the learned Magistrate failed to take into account he was a first offender.
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 The learned Magistrate failed to take into account the fact of his early guilty plea.
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 The fact that the learned Magistrate failed to respect the totality principle bearing in mind
 this was one event the learned Magistrate should, it is argued, have imposed at the very least a concurrent term on the second bracket of offending which came before the Court on the 13th of October 2004. 
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par State counsel has prepared a very thoughtful and very helpful submission that quite properly confronts these issues but does so in a responsible fashion.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Counsel has quite properly analyzed the judgment and concedes that the appellant received a manifestly excessive sentence.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Counsel observes and I agree that this was a series of offences relating to individual items of property stolen in one event.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 As such while not duplicitous the number of charges do not properly reflect the true culpability of this offender.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 At the very least, counsel concedes that the appellant should have received a concurrent penalty for the second bracket of offending dealt with at the hearing in October 2004.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par Counsel then refers to a number of Fiji High Court Case and in particular}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396  Kunaga v}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396 , HAA00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 55 of 2004 a decision of m
y sister Justice Shameem where suggested guidelines are made for burglary and larceny.
\par 
\par In the course of that judgment my learned sister Justice observed short prison sentences at the lower end of the tariff are reserved for petty offences, offenders who play only a marginal role or are young first offenders.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
Indeed my learned sister Justice goes on to indicate that suspension of sentences of imprisonment could be considered for young first offenders.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 It is generally agreed that a starting point for this so
rt of one event but multiple charge offending is in the 2 to 3 year category with allowances being made for aggravating and mitigating factors.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Decision
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 It is clear the learned Magistrate fell into error when considering the sentencing of this young first offender.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 I propose giving my decision in date order.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par 
\par Firstly in relation to the offences considered on the 13th of April 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
This bracket of offences attracted a 3 year term of imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 When I consider the sentencing notes it is clear that whil
e the learned Magistrate elected a starting point and then aggravated that starting point to a sentence of three years imprisonment he failed to take into account the fact that this young man was a first offender and the fact that he was entitled to a sig
nificant discount for an early guilty plea.
\par 
\par That being the case it would be my view that allowing for the mitigation of his youth, the fact that he was a first offender and the fact that he pleaded guilty then from the aggravated term of imprisonment of 3 years one would need to deduct 1 \'bd
 years making an overall sentence of imprisonment of 18 months.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396\charrsid5918396 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Concerning the subsequent but related sentencing of 13th of October 2004 the learned Magistrate did not at that time reflect on the totality principle.
\par 
\par That principle requires a sentencing judge at the end of the day to stand back and assess the proper and just sentence for an accused assessing his true total culpabi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396 lity for the subject offending.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
\par 
\par In this case the learned Magistrate did not ask himself whether the sentence he imposed later in 2004 for the same event should be concurrent or consecutive.
\par 
\par In my view because of your early guilty plea (albeit at the door of the court) and because the bracket of offending happened during the one event and because of your youth this was an appropriate case where a concurrent sentence should have been imposed.

\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Conclusion
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 For all of these reasons in my view the appropriate penalty should be one of 18 months imprisonment in total and accordingly in conclusion I grant the appeal.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
The sentence passed on the 8th of June 2004 is quashed and substituted with a sentence of 18 months imprisonment on all charges, concurrently.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 That sentence to have effect from the 8th of June 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
In respect of the second sentence in October 2004 that sentence is quashed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
It is substituted with a term of 12 months imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 
In respect of each count to be served concurrently as between each count and concurrently with the term imposed with effect from the 8th of June 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Accordingly the overall sentence for this appellant is reduced from one of 4 years imprisonment to one of 18 months imprisonment with effect from the 8th of June 2004.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 Gerard Winter
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5918396 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918396\charrsid5918396 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532659\charrsid5918396 At Suva
\par 14th June, 2005
\par }}