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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111 CIVIL ACTION NO.: HBC0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 
119 OF 2005
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 NBF ASSET MANAGEMENT BANK
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 THE OCCUPIERS
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3745513 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111\charrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 Mr. Seeto \endash  for Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3745513 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 Mr. Lateef \endash  for Defendant
\par 
\par Date of Hearing/Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111\charrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 Thursday 26th May, 2005
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 JUDGMENT
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 Background
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3745513 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3745513 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
This is an application made under Order 113 of the High Court Rules 1988 to evict unidentified occupiers of the subject land.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3745513 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
\par The property was originally owned by one Jane Low now deceased.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 She died in 1986.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
The property was the subject of a mortgage to the NBF Asset Management Bank that was part of a wide ranging security over a number of properties belonging to the deceased.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 This mortgage fell chronically into arrears and I accept the advice from the bar that the applicant bank is at present owed approximately $}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111 600,000.00 under this security.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
\par 
\par To further put the debt equity ratio into perspective the subject property is valued at $26,000.00 and under mortgagee sale tender process reached an agreed price of only $32,000.00.
\par 
\par After Jane Low died her estate was not administered formally.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
Rather her son Michael collected rent and distributed it, his lawyer says, to various family members.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
What is clear is that these rental payments have not been consolidated in any trust fund, properly estate managed, or accounted for.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
It is equally clear that no proper arrangements have been entered into with the bank concerning tenanting, collection of rents, transfer of the property or any subsequent proper management either formally or informally of the deceased\rquote s affairs.

\par 
\par It is against this background that the plaintiff bank has properly advertised and undertaken mortgagee sale proceedings by tender.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 It has received and conditionally accepted a tender offer on the subject land
 but has not been able to complete settlement because the unidentified occupiers could not or would not surrender possession.
\par 
\par I ordered that this application be bought to the attention of the occupiers by substituted service order against Messrs Lateef & Lateef.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 This firm of solicitors acts for the informal administrator of the property the owner\rquote s son Michael Low.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 Michael Low it is said in the affidavits has been receiving rent from the unidentified occupiers and therefore this was thought to be the best 
way for bringing the application to the unidentified occupiers notice.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 The Application
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3745513 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 The applicant bank\rquote s originating summons of the 10th of March is clearly stated to be against the occupiers of Lot 128, Block 2 Milverton Road, Raiwaqa.
\par 
\par These occupiers were at the hearing before me and by affidavit identified as one Mrs. Eileen Elliott and/or Mr. David Daniel Elliott.
\par 
\par I was advised from the bar table that neither person currently lives in the property. They are temporarily in the United States. They do however pay rent regularly to Mr. Michael Low the deceased\rquote s son.
\par 
\par As the application was against the occupiers I ensured that they were called three times at 10.05 am on the date of hearing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
There was no appearance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 I record that the hearing took some 1\'bd hours there was no appearance made during that time. 
\par 
\par That is not surprising.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 Neither of these occupiers has filed any papers in court.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 Counsel appearing for Mr. Low made it very clear that he had no instructions to appear on behalf of these occupiers.
\par 
\par Accordingly in a preliminary way there being no opposition filed and no appearance filed by these occupiers an order should be granted together with costs.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 However, Mr. Michael Low, the deceased owner\rquote s son, declared his interest in the property under Order 113(5).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 The relevant Order reads:
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 Application by occupier to be made a party
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart5\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 Without prejudice to Order 15, rules 6 and 11, any person not named as a defendant who}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 is in occupation of the land and wishes to be heard on the question whether an order f
or possession should be made must apply at any stage of the proceedings to be joined as a defendant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3745513 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
\par Mr. Low who has without authorization or proper letters of appointment collected rent from the deceased\rquote s properties including this one over the last several years had by the time of the hearing before me taken out letters of administration.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 These had been issued a day before this hearing.
\par 
\par Armed with those letters of administration and fortified by his interpretation of Order 113(5) his counsel sought to c
onvince me that Mr. Low was in occupation of the land and wished to be heard on the question of whether an order for possession should be made.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 Is He An Occupier
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3745513 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 The order and rule do not specify what the phrase \'93who is in occupation of the land\'94 means.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
\par 
\par The Oxford Dictionary of Law 2001 Edition page 339 defines occupation to be the physical possession and control of land. 
\par 
\par Counsel for Mr. Low conceded that his client was not living in the house.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
Rather he claimed an interest solely because he collected rent and sought to administer his mother\rquote s estate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
\par 
\par I reject that argument.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 I find that he is not \'93in occupation of the land\'94 in terms of Order 113 Rule 5.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 Equitable Considerations
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 Although this finding is determinative of the matter as I refuse Mr. Low\rquote 
s application to be joined as a defendant in the proceedings nonetheless this has a proper and just effect as well.
\par 
\par As part of an investment strategy the deceased in 1992 had acquired several properties with a total asset base of approximately $96,000.00.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 Against those properties she took out bank mortgages tota}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
ling some $92,000.00.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
\par 
\par She died in 1996.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 Her estate has since that date not been administered.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 However, in relation to this particular property I accept the contents of the affidavit and assurances from counsel at bar table that Mr. Low has collected rent.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
He has not accounted for that rent in any way to the estate or the bank but distributed it amongst various family members who might be considered as beneficiaries of her estate.
\par 
\par That was not a fair way of dealing with this matter.
\par 
\par In my view the bank was clearly entitled to receive payment of its mortgage before and after Mrs. Jane Low\rquote s death.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
Her death did not affect the applicant bank\rquote s security in any way.
\par 
\par Rather than accounting to the bank for rent obtained from this property Mr. Michael Low has taken it upon himself to receive and distribute those funds in an unaccounted fashion.
\par 
\par His counsel frankly concedes today that there is no way the estate can meet the mortgage arrears nor enter into any compromise for the sale of any remaining Jane Low estate assets}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111 
 to pay back the mortgage debt.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
\par 
\par Accordingly, even if I had granted Mr. Michael Low some right to be joined as a defendant in these proceedings, any right he may have claimed to an inte
rest in the property, would in equity, be meaningless and at law hard to pursue as neither he in his personal capacity or even in a de}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 facto estate administration capacity sought to stop the mortgagee sale proceedings of this subject land.
\par 
\par The bank called up its security.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 The bank proceeded with mortgagee sale by tender.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 The bank took these actions long before the letters of administration were issued yesterday on the eve of this hearing.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 Conclusion
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3745513 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 The occupiers have been properly served by substituted service.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 They have taken no opposition and made no appearance in this hearing.
\par 
\par I have declined to join Jane Low\rquote s lately created estate administrator into the proceedings as a defendant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16395111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 
There will accordingly be an order in terms of the plaintiff\rquote s origi
nating summons with costs summarily assessed against Mrs. Eileen Elliott and Mr. David Daniel Elliott formerly of Lot 128, Block 2 Milverton Road, Raiwaqa and the Estate of Jane Low all jointly and severally in the global sum of $1,000.00.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid3745513 Gerard Winter
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 
\par At Suva
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3745513 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758369\charrsid16395111 26th May, 2005
\par }}