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{\author Information Technology Unit}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo12\dy2\hr18\min31}{\revtim\yr2005\mo12\dy2\hr18\min45}{\printim\yr2004\mo3\dy4\hr10\min23}{\version3}{\edmins1}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords782}{\nofchars4464}
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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid6978753 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7214857 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6978753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: HAA0055J OF 2003S
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6978753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6978753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Between:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6978753 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6978753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6978753 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6978753 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid6978753 VINOD PRASAD
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6978753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6978753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 And:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6978753 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6978753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6978753 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6978753 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid6978753 THE STATE
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7214857 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
\par Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 13th February 2004
\par Judgment on Sentence:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 5th March 2004
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Mr. M. Raza for Appellant
\par Mr. J. Rabuku for State
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421247 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid14421247 JUDGMENT ON SENTENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7214857 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
\par In the course of hearing the Appellant\rquote s appeal against conviction, I saw that the learned Magistrate had imposed \'93partial disqualification\'94 on the Appellant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 I asked counsel to address me on the question of the lawfulness of such an order.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 The State has not complied with that order within the time specified, apparently because counsel for the State has been ill.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Counsel for the Appellant has however complied.
\par 
\par He submits that disqualification under section 102 of the Land Transport Act is not mandatory and that therefore the court can impose disqualification in respect of a limited number of hours in the day.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 He submits that the use of the word \'93may\'94 in section 59(2) of the Act, creates a discretion to impose \'93
partial disqualification.\'94 He also relies on the decision of Pain J in }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 State v. Kesho Prasad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
 Crim. App. No. 39/93 which, he submits, upheld a similar order under the old Traffic Act.
\par 
\par Section 59(2) of the Land Transport Act provides:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14421247 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 \'93Unless disqual
ification is mandatory, if a person is convicted of an offence for which disqualification is part of the prescribed penalty, the Court }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 may}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857  if sufficient reasons are shown, disqualify the person for a shorter period than that prescribed, or decide not to disqualify the person, and must specify the reason.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7214857 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
\par In }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Kesho Prasad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857  (supra) the Director of Public Prosecutions appealed against an order
, on conviction for dangerous driving, of disqualification from driving all but Group II vehicles.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
The main ground of appeal was that the magistrate erred in ordering a variation of sentence after the sentencing process was over.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Indeed the sentence was varied when counsel for the respondent was applying for suspension of sentence pending appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Pain J held that the magistrate was functus officio after sentence and could not have varied the sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 The order for partial disqualification was therefore quashed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
The respondent then asked that the disqualification originally imposed also be quashed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
That was an order for total disqualification for 6 months.
\par 
\par Pain J quashed the order on the ground that the order for disqualification on conviction for dangerous driving was discretionary and not mandatory, the prosecutor in the lower court did not object to the \'93partial\'94
 disqualification, that such disqualification had already been served by the respondent and that therefore it would be inequitable for the respondent to be punished afresh.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Pain J did not rule on the question of the legality of the \'93partial disqualification.\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Indeed he said it was unnecessary for him to do so.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 He said:

\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14421247 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 \'93
In view of this decision it is unnecessary for the Court to determine a further matter that was adverted to in the course of hearing.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 That is whether the Magistrates\rquote  Court has jurisdiction to impose a partial disqualification of the type imposed in this case.}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
It may be that the only power given by section 29 of the Traffic Act is to impose a total disqualification or a disqualification limited to the driving of the same class or description of vehicle in relation to which the offence was committed.}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
If this is so, then the desirability of legislation to authorise the common practice of imposing partial disqualifications should be urgently considered by the appropriate authorities.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7214857 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
\par No such legislation has been passed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 Indeed the Land Transport Act makes no provision for partial disqualification.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 I considered the question in relation to the Act in }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
State v. Jitesh Prasad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857  Crim. App. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247 HAA00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 38}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247 .20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 03.
\par 
\par In that case the Director of Public Prosecutions appealed against a similar order in the case of a person convicted of driving with more than the prescribed concentration of alcohol in his blood.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 The magistrate ordered disqualification for 12 months but said that the respondent could drive during daylight hours.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 I said in that case:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14421247 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 \'93The l
egislature has provided for no power to order partial disqualification.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 This is logical.}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 The order for disqualification is a sentence which acknowledges that a driver is a safety risk for other road users.}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 By allowing him/her to use the road during some hours of the day, how is the safety of other road users protected? \'85\'85
 The courts do not have powers to order disqualification between certain hours of the day.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
They do not have powers to disqualify from driving certain classes of vehicle.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 When a person 
is disqualified from driving, he is taken off the roads for the period of time specified.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7214857 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
\par The same principles apply in this case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
The order made by the learned Magistrate fails to protect road users and allows the Appellant to drive when the roads are the busiest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421247  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 There is no provision for partial disqualification under the Act either when such disqualification is mandatory or when it is discretionary.
\par 
\par For these reasons, the order for partial disqualification is set aside and substituted with a 12 month disqualification to run from the 18th of September 2003.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421247 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid14421247 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid14421247 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7214857 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421247 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid14421247 At Suva
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7214857 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214857\charrsid7214857 5th March 2004
\par }}