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{\author Information Technology Unit}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo12\dy1\hr9\min27}{\revtim\yr2005\mo12\dy1\hr9\min27}{\printim\yr2004\mo8\dy16\hr14\min36}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages2}{\nofwords609}{\nofchars3474}
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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239\charrsid8092239 CRIMINAL CASE NO: HAC0}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 028 OF 2003S
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 STATE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 v.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 RATU JOPE SENILOLI
\par RATU RAKUITA VAKALALABURE
\par RATU VILIAME VOLAVOLA
\par ISIRELI LEWENIQILA
\par PECELI RINAKAMA
\par VILIAME SAVU
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
\par Mr. M. Tedeschi, Mr. G. Allan & Ms A. Prasad for State
\par Mr. M. Raza for 1st Accused
\par Mr. A.K. Singh for 2nd Accused
\par Mr. S. Naqase for 3rd & 6th Accused
\par Mr. D. Sharma for 4th Accused
\par Mr. A. Seru for 5th Accused
\par 
\par Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 3rd August 2004
\par Ruling 3rd August 2004
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 RULING
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
\par This is an application by the defence under section 301(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
It is an application for a motion in arrest of judgment on the ground that the charges laid under the information do not state any offence known in law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 The crux of the submissions made by th
e defence are that the charge in the information in relation to each of the accused persons is duplicitous, firstly on the ground that the charge under subsection (b) of section 5 of the Public Order Act refers to the taking of an oath or engagement but d
oes not specifically incorporate the wording and the description of the oath and engagement described under paragraph (a) of section 5 of the Public Order Act.
\par 
\par The second submission is because of the reference to purporting to bind that person to commit an
 offence punishable by death, in effect the accused persons are facing two charges in one, and that is in the context of this case the charge of taking the oath and the charge of treason.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 A reading of section 5(a) and (b) of the Public Order shows that they create different offences but paragraph (b) only says, \'93
takes any such oath or engagement not being compelled to do so.\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
The description of the oath or engagement is laid out in full under paragraph (a).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 Paragraph (a) read: \'93
Any person who administers, o
r is present at, or consents to the administration of any oath or engagement in the nature of an oath purporting to bind that person who takes it to commit murder or any offence punishable by death, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon c
onviction\'94, and so on.
\par 
\par The words \'93any such oath or engagement\'94 in paragraph (b) can only refer to an oath or engagement which is made an offence under paragraph (a).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 The crux of the offence under paragraph (a) is that the oath or engagement in the nature o
f the oath should have purported to bind that person who takes it to commit an offence punishable by death or to commit murder. For the prosecution to have laid a charge under paragraph (b) and not to have referred to the description of the offence under 
paragraph (a) would have led to a charge that failed to give sufficient particulars to the accused persons and therefore that submission of the defence is unsuccessful.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 In order to lay a charge under paragraph (b) the prosecution must refer to the definition of the oath under paragraph (a).
\par 
\par The second submission is that two charges are laid in one, that is, that the taking of the oath and of treason.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
I have already in the ruling at no case to answer stage, defined the elements of the offence in this case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 I
 have already very carefully explained to counsel that there is no need for the prosecution to prove treason, or even an intent to commit treason.
\par 
\par There are many offences in the Penal Code which are offences which say that a person for instance breaks and enters into a dwelling house with intent to commit a felony and such an offence does not create a duplicitous one.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
In this particular case the Prosecution only has to prove that the oath or engagement in the nature of the oath taken purports to bind that person to an offence punishable by death.
\par 
\par In this case I find that in fact the accused persons are not faced with two charges in one.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
They are not being charged with treason in any way.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 They are being charged with taking an oath which purports to bind the
m to commit treason which is another offence altogether.
\par 
\par For these reasons the application made by the defence this morning is refused.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 It is dismissed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8092239  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 We are now ready for closing submissions.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092239 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14965169\charrsid8092239 
\par At Suva
\par 3rd August 2004
\par }}