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\par AT LAUTOKA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1187566\charrsid7276188 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. HAA0}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 099 OF 2004L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 MOHAMMED ALEEM AFZAL
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 f/n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 Mohammed Afzal
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 v.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 THE STATE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1187566\charrsid7276188  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 Mr. I. Khan for the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 Ms. A. Driu for the State}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 JUDGMENT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 The appellant was convicted before the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court, Rakiraki on a charge of common assault and was sentenced to imprisonment for 7 days.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 He appeals the sentence.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 Statement of Offence}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276188\charrsid16462147 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16462147 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 COMMON ASSAULT:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 Contrary to section 244 of the Penal Code, Cap. 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 Particulars of Offence}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri634\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin634\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276188 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri634\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin634\lin720\itap0\pararsid16462147 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 MOHAMMED ALEEM AFZAL s/o Mohammed Afzal on the 7}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
 day of December 2003 at Qalau, Rakiraki in the Western Division unlawfully assaulted Krishna Lalli s/o Poth Raju.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 \f40\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
The appellant pleaded not guilty before the Learned Magistrate and gave evidence and called one witness to give evidence on his behalf.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
\par The brief particulars of the offence as found by the Learned Magistrate are that on 7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
 December 2003, the appellant had unlawfully assaulted the complainant. There was clearly a dispute as to who assaulted who and the general circumstances surrounding the commission of the offence.
\par 
\par However, the Magistrate found that the complainant was 60 years of age and has}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 been living at Qalau for a long period of time.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 At 2.00pm on the 7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147  December 2003, he was going h
ome, one Jumbo came and asked about his cattle and Jumbo kicked his leg and he fell in the drain, grabbed his neck, he said that he knew the accused as Jumbo and his father\rquote s name is Afzal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 He identified Jumbo as the accused that is the appellant in these proceedings.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 He says that he was subsequently assisted and got medically examined.
\par 
\par The Learned Magistrate did not accept the evidence of the appellant or his witness and accordingly convicted the appellant and sentenced him to imprisonment for 7 days.
\par 
\par The offence with which the accused is charged carries a maximum penalty of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 1 year\rquote s imprisonment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 It is indeed at the bottom end of offences and it is indeed a very prevalent offence in this country.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 The resultant circumstances with respect to the complainan
t are such that he did not suffer any significant injury as a result of the assault.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 Mr. Khan on behalf of the appellant submits that the appellant is 20 years of age.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 He is a single man.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
He is a farmer by occupation and has limited education.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 He further 
submits that his mother is 55 years of age and suffering from severe illnesses and his father is 56 years of age and a sickly person.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 It is submitted that the appellant is looking after the family by providing financial assistance and medical treatment from his income as a farmer.
\par 
\par He has no prior convictions.
\par 
\par Counsel for the appellant urges the court to invoke the provisions of section 44 of the Penal Code and conditionally discharge the appellant without conviction.
\par 
\par State Counsel does not oppose such a cause and in doing so, confirms the matter is only common assault and that a conditional discharge under section 44 would be appropriate.
\par 
\par I have been referred to numerous authorities as to appropriate sentences in circumstances such as this, and also as to occasions upon which the provisions of sections 42 and 44 have been utilized by the Court.
\par 
\par When imposing a recognizance pursuant to section 42 of the Penal Code, Mr. Justice Govind in }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 State v Elenoa Naqatima}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147  \endash  HAC0016 of 2000L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147  said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 \'93Justice is compassion, justice is empathy and justice is fairness.\'94}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
\par His Lordship also said when invoking the provision of section 44 in the }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 State v Ivamere Marama}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147  \endash 
 HAC0005 of 2001L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147  said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 \'93She is remorseful and penitent, I have no doubt.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 \f40\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
I am sure those descriptions apply equally to the appellant in this matter.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 He is 20 years of age.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 He has no prior convictions and it is difficult to describe him as a criminal.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147  }
{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 He is a first offender and a person who comes before the court as a person of good character and he has on his
 submissions that have been placed before the court, the obligation and burden of maintaining his family.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 
\par In the circumstances therefore, I am satisfied the Learned Magistrate erred in imposing a conviction and sentence of 7 days of imprisonment and accordingly the appeal is allowed.
\par 
\par The conviction and sentence of the Magistrate\rquote s Court is quashed, the appellant is discharged conditionally pursuant to the provisions of section 44(1) of the Penal Code subject to the condition that he commit no offence duri
ng a period of 12 months from today and further that should he change his place of residence that he advise the police at Rakiraki within 7 days thereof.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276188 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 JOHN CONNORS
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462147 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 
\par At Lautoka
\par 8 September 2004}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16462147\charrsid7276188 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1620\li1620\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid16462147 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 Endorsement}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid7276188 :}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276188 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609086\charrsid16462147 The provisions of section 44(2) of the 
Penal Code were explained to the accused.
\par }}