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\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot3152916 \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs18\insrsid1638856 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs18\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1638856 3}}}{\cs18\insrsid1638856 \par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid1638856 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LAUTOKA \par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 CRIMINAL CASE NO: HAC0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 002 OF 2003L }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 STATE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 v. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 BRIJ LAL \par SUSHIL CHANDRA \par SURESH KUMAR \par RAJ KUMAR \par SUNIL KUMAR \par RONAL ROHINESH KUMAR \par ASHWIN CHANDRA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3152916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916\charrsid6030558 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349733 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Mr. M. Korovou for the State \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 Mr. I. Khan for the Accused \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3152916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349733\charrsid6030558 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16 \endash 18 August 2004}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 \par Ruling:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349733\charrsid6030558 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 18 August 2004}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 RULING ON NO CASE TO ANSWER}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3152916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Counsel for the Accused, that is the 7}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Accused, makes a submission that there is no case for the 7 Accused to answer on the charge of manslaughter. \par \par The test to be applied under section 293 of the Criminal Procedure Code is whether there is evidence in respect of each ingredient of the offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 If there is some relevant and admissible evidence, direct or circumstantial, touching on all the elements of the offence, then there is a prima facie case (}{ \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Sisa Kalisoqo}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 \endash v- State}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Crim. App. No. 52 of 1984}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 , }{ \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 State \endash v- Mosese Tuisawau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Crim. App. No. 14 of 1990).}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 As was adopted by Mr. Justice Govind in }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 The State v}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Mul Chand}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 HAC0}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6030558 0}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 22 of 2003}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 , the evidence referred to must be reliable and not simply any evidence no matter how inherently vague or unreliable it might be. \par \par I have had the benefit of written submissions from Counsel for the Accused and oral submissions from Counsel for the State. \par \par Section 293(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code provides that at the end of the prosecution case, the court }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 \'93if it considers that there is no evidence that the accused \'85 committed the offence shall \'85 record a finding of not guilty.\'94 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 \par In }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 State \endash v- Anthony Frederick Stephens}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Crim. Case No. 3 of 1997}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 , Pain J said (at page 2): \par \par }\pard \ql \li1152\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1152\itap0\pararsid3152916 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 \'93 The narrow prescription of section 293(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code excludes the common law test enunciated in such cases as }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Galbraith}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 (1981) 2 ALL ER 1060 that if the evidence is of such a tenuous character that a jury properly directed could not convict on it, the Judge should stop the case. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \ql \li1152\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1152\itap0\pararsid3152916 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Accordingly, the question to be addressed at this stage of the trial is whether there is some relevant and admissible evidence in respect of each element tha t must be proved before the accused could be convicted of the offences alleged against him in the information.\'94}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3152916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 That was the position accepted by the Court of Appeal in }{ \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Sisa Kalisoqo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 and }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Mosese Tuisawau} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 and that is the test applied by Shameem J. in }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 State \endash v- Waisale Tuivuya}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 HAC}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6030558 0}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 015 of 2002S }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 and is the test as I see it that I should apply in this case. \par \par The Information reads as follows: \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 Statement of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 MANSLAUGHTER:}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Contrary to sections 198 and 201 of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 Particulars of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 BRIJ LAL s/o Ajodiya Prasad, SUSHIL CHANDRA s/o Ram Sharan, SURESH KUMAR s/o Ram Lakhan, RAJ KUMAR s/o Deo Raj, SUNIL KUMAR s/o Saras Chand, RONAL ROHINESH KUMAR s/o Deo Raj and ASHWIN CHANDRA s/o Sabash Chandra on the 15}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 th}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 day of January, 2003 at Nadi in the Western Division, unlawfully caused the death of SEFANAIA NAROGI.} {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3152916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 The ingredients of the offence of manslaughter are firstly that the accused, that is, collectively did an unlawful act and secondly that that act caused the death of the deceased.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 In t his case there is no dispute that the deceased died as a result of injuries sustained by multiple blows and kicks as is more particularly described in an Exhibit 1, being the report of the pathologist.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 There is however no direct evidence that the accused or any of them did an unlawful act to the deceased.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 The evidence of PW-2 and PW-3 is that the accused were all on the property of the 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Accused at the relevant time.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 That the son of the 2}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 nd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Accused called out that he had been robbed and sought assistance to chase the thief.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 Later, a Fijian man was seen sitting on the ground but there is no evidence before the court of any assault on the Fijian man, that is the deceased, and more particularly there is no evidence of any such assault having being carried ou t by the 7 Accused or anyone of them. \par \par Therefore I cannot be satisfied that there is some relevant and admissible evidence that is reliable and credible in respect of each element that must be proved by the prosecution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 I find therefore there is insufficient evidence to put the accused that is all 7 accused to their defence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid3152916 There is no case to answer and in accordance with the provisions of section 293, I record a finding of not guilty against each of the 7 accused.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 JOHN CONNORS \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 JUDGE}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916\charrsid6030558 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6030558 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152916\charrsid6030558 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 At Lautoka \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3152916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173834\charrsid6030558 18 August 2004 \par }}