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\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 CIVIL ACTION NO. HBC0156 of 2003L}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR EDUCATION \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 Plaintiff \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 SIKANDER ALI KHAN \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 1st Defendant \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 HAFI DEAN KHAN}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 as the President,}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500588 \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 NAZIM AHMED ALI}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 as the General Secretary and}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500588 \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 KHALID HUSSEIN}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 as the Treasurer}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500588 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 of the Fiji Muslim League \par 2nd Defendants \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 Counsel for the Plaintiff}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 : Ms. S. Tabaiwalu}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 \par Counsel for the Defendants: Mr. S.K. Ram \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 Date of Hearing: }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 29 June 2004 \par Date of Judgment:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 15 July 2004}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 J}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 UDGMEN}{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 T}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 The Applic}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500588 ation}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13176628 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 The plaintiff seeks by way of Originating Summons filed on the 29}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 of May 2003, a declaration that the defendants do not have the lawful authority to prevent, prohibit or restrain Mohammed Hassan from discharging and performing his duties of head teacher at Ba Muslim Primary School. \par \par The plaintiff also seeks damages and costs.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 The orders sought are opposed. \par \par The plaintiff relies on affidavits of Alumita Taganesia sworn on 6}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 May 2003 and 7}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 October 2003.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 The defendants rely on an affidavit of Sikander Ali Khan sworn on 4}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 th}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 June 2003. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 Background}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \par \par The plaintiff is the Permanent Secretary for Education, a person in charge, pursuant to the relevant legislation for the appointment of the head teacher at the Ba Muslim Primary School. \par \par The facts appear from the affidavits filed and might be briefly summarized, as the plaintiff in exercising its statutory role, appointed Mohammed Hassan to the position of head teacher after apparently complying with the prescribed protocol.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 There was initially an appeal against the appointment but the appellant subsequently withdrew that appeal. \par \par It appears from the material filed, that Mohammed Hassan initially carried out his duties as head teacher uncontroversially.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 After about 12 months, issues arose, that resulted in him being effectively locked out of the school.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 There is, it is submitted, on behalf of the plaintiff, a protocol available for dealing with issues such as those that allegedly arose in this instance. \par \par The plaintiff submits that this protocol was followed and the plaintiff satisfied itself that there was no basis for the complaints.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 The defendants submit that the conduct of the head teacher was such that it warranted the defendants taking the action they did due to the failure of the plaintiff to properly or adequately carry out an investigation and inquiry and to take appropriate action against the head teacher with respect to the alleged misconduct. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 The Issue}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \par \par The issue for determination to facilitate the declaration as sought by the plaintiff is whether the plaintiff, pursuant to the Education Act [Cap. 262], is the person or authority who appoints head teachers to schools such as the Ba Muslim Primary School. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 The Law}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \par \par Pursuant to section 147(1)(a) of the Constitution Amendment Act 1997, the Public Service Commission is vested with the power to make appointments to public officers. \par \par Section 150 of the Constitution enables the Public Service Commission to delegate the power of appointment to, relevantly, a Secretary of a Department.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 A similar power of delegation is to be found in section 16 of the Public Service Act 1999. \par \par By gazettal on 29}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 November 2002, the Public Service Commission delegated to the Permanent Secretary for Education the power to appoint any officer in grades ED1F, AC01 and below.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 The position in question is an ED5E post, which is below ED1F.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 Section 23 of the Education Act provides: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid13176628 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \'93 The appointment of teachers (other than public officers) in any school shall lie with the manager of such school, but every such appointment shall be subject to the prior approval of the Permanent Secretary.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13176628 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 This section whilst giving the power to the school to appoint teachers, specifically excludes the powers to appoint }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \'93public officers\'94.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \par \par Public officer is defined in the Constitution, section 194, as relevantly meaning an officer in State Service.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 State Service is defined by section 194 of the Constitution as relevantly meaning the Public Service.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 The head teacher is a public servant being employed by the Ministry of Education.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 He is a public officer and the school has no right to appoint him or any similar person relying upon the provisions of section 23 of the Education Act. \par \par Section 44 of the Interpretation Act provides that the power to appoint also includes the power to remove, suspend, dismiss or revoke unless of course some contrary intention appears. \par \par It is apparent therefore that the legislative regime detailed gives to the plaintiff the capacity to hire and fire persons such as the head teacher of the Ba Muslim Primary School and the legislat ion appears to give no role or function to the school in this regard. \par \par Counsel for the defendants submit that}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \'93public officer\'94}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 as referred to in section 23 of the Education Act, is referable to a government school only.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 This is not apparent from the legislation and this submission is rejected. \par \par Whilst it may be that in some instances the interests of the people at a particular school may well be better served by some or some significant input from the school counsel or the school manager, the legislation does not provide for that to occur. \par \par Similar issues arose and were considered by me in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 Ministry of Education v Rajendra Patel, Sharda Nand Sharma, Chandra Segran and Ishwar Prasad}{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500588 \endash HBC}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 0153 of 2004L.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \par \par The situation however is not without remedy.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 Sections 6 a nd 7 of the Public Service Act 1999 provide for the Public Service Code of Conduct and for disciplinary action to be taken where that code is breached.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 Action under this legislation can, it would appear, only be taken by the plaintiff, however the defendan ts have a right to complain to the plaintiff and urge the plaintiff to take action as a result of any alleged breach of the code of conduct. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 Conclusion}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \par \par For the reasons stated above, I am of the opinion that the legislative regime, for better or worse, do es not enable the defendants to exercise any lawful authority to prevent the head teacher from discharging his duties as principal of Ba Muslim Primary School and that the only rights available to the defendants are those pursuant to sections 6 and 7 of t he Public Service Act 1999. \par \par The plaintiff has failed to show that it suffered any loss or damage and accordingly it is inappropriate for the court to make any award of damages. \par \par In the circumstances, I consider it appropriate that each party should pay their own costs.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 Orders of the Court}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 1.\tab I declare that the defendants have no lawful authority to prevent, prohibit or restrain Mr. Mohammed Hassan from discharging or performing his duties as head teacher of Ba Muslim Primary School. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13176628 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 2.\tab Each party to bear their own costs.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13176628 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 JOHN CONNORS \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 JUDGE}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3500588 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13176628\charrsid3500588 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid3500588 AT LAUTOKA \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868259\charrsid13176628 15 JULY 2004 \par }}