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\li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\insrsid4286477 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LAUTOKA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 JUDICIAL REVIEW NO. HBJ}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 0}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 015 OF 1995L}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 IN THE MATTER of an application by EMPEROR GOLD MINING COMPANY LIMITED a limited liability company having its registered office at Vatukoula AND IN THE MATTER of the Commission of Inquiry Act \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 IN THE MATTER of the Commission of Inquiry into}{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 the Vatukoula Dispute No. C36/H20 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 IN THE MATTER of the Commission of Inquiry appointed by His Excellency the President of the Republic of Fiji on 24th day of January 1995 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 IN THE MATTER of a Commission of Inquiry Report by the Commissioner GYANESHWAR PRASAD LALA}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Counsel for the Applicant}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 : }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Dr. M.S. Sahu Khan with Ms. S. Sa}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 hu Khan}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par Counsel for the Respondent}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 : }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Mr. J. Udit with Ms. S. Tabaiwalu \par Counsel for the Interested Party:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Mr. K. Vuataki \par \par Date of Hearing:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 4, 12 & 13 May 2004 \par Date of Judgment:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 11 June 2004}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 JUDGMEN}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 T \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par The history of this matter commences prior to 1991 when the goldmine at Vatukoula }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (\'93the Mine\'94)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 was owned by Emperor Gold Mining Company Limited }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (\'93Emperor\'94)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 and Western Mining Corporation }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (\'93WMC\'94)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 and was managed by WMC. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par The involvement of WMC in the mine ceased in 1991 and management of the mine was then taken over by Emperor. \par \par In or about February 1991, 436 miners, who were members of the Fiji Mine Workers Union }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (\'93FMWU\'94),}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 went on strike.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The reason for the strike was the refusal of Emperor to recognize the FMWU for the purpose of collective bargaining under the Trade Union (Recognition) Act (Cap. 96A). \par \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 As a result of the failure of the workers to return to work and following various warnings, Emperor dismissed the striking workers between April and July 1991. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par The Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Employment and Industrial Relations on 14}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 August 1991, purported to accept a report of a trade dispute under the Trade Disputes Act (Cap. 97) from a group of workers calling themselves }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 the organizing committee of the mine workers\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 This resulted in proceedings for judicial review coming before the court \endash }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 State v Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Employment & Industrial Relations ex-parte}{ \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 :}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Emperor Gold Mining Company Limited, Jubilee Mining Company Limited and Koula Mining Company Limited}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \endash }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Judicial Review No. 32 of 1991, Suva.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 In the course of these proceedings, the FMWU argued that the decision of the company to dismiss the 436 workers was unlawful.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Byrne J. at page 22 of his judgment said: - \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93I see no reason to differ from Saunders J. in his conclusions in }{ \i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Emperor Gold Mining Company Limited, Jubilee Mining Company Limited and Koula Mining Company Limited v Jone Cagi & Ors}{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 - 205 of 1991}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 in holding that the 436 were in breach of their contracts and that accordingly their employment was terminated correctly.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The decision of Saunders J. in }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Emperor & ors. v}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Cagi}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 to which Byrne J. refe rs was a decision where orders pursuant to section 169 of the Land Transfer Act were made with respect to the occupation of houses owned by Emperor by the sacked workers. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par Without attempting to detail the history of events, the next relevant occurrence was the establishment of a Commission of Inquiry pursuant to the Commission of Inquiry Act (Cap. 47). \par \par The President by Commission dated 24}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 January 1995 appointed Gyaneshwar Prasad Lala as the sole Commissioner of Inquiry and appointed him: - \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93To enquire a nd to examine the events surrounding and issues in connection with the Vatukoula Trade Dispute C36/H 20 and in particular to: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Enquire into the conditions of employment of mine and surface workers having regard to the appropriate legislation which regulate such conditions.}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Attention must also be focused on the treatment of employees according to race, gender, ethnic origin or creed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Examine the existing industrial relations between mine management and workers, the focus being on conflict resolution.}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Partic ular attention is to be directed on avenues open to employees to air grievances and the subsequent addressing of those grievances by Management. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10368919 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Review the occupational health and safety standards and conditions for both mine and surface workers, their co nsistency with criteria set by relevant legislation which affect mining; and the avenues available to remedy health and safety standards which fall below criteria set by legislations. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Examine tax agreements for mining operations and propose whether the current arrangement and concessions need to be changed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Examine any other special royalties/tax concessions previously given in the mining operations; and recommend the future use of such concessions. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Examine the extent of police involvement in the handling of strike. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Review the nature of the housing scheme provided by the company and report on the obligations and contributions by employer and employee towards maintenance, sanitation and other support facilities. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Report on the nature of the relationship between the Mines Inspectorate and the Management of the mining companies; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Report on the environmental impact, if any, in the mining operations of the company; and whether there are any adverse repercussions to local habitation of flora and fauna. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Consider any other issues or matters that are deemed relevant to the Commission\rquote s work.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The Commission was published in the Government Gazette, 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 rd}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 of February 1995.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The Commission of Inquiry commenced on the 20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 February 1995 when the Commissioner outlined the terms of reference and dealt with preliminary and procedural issues. \par \par The Commission of Inquiry heard evidence from witnesses called by the interested parties and by the Commissioner himself. \par \par Emperor, FMWU and the Vatukoula Mine Workers Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [\'93VMC\'94] were all represented before the Commission of Inquiry. \par \par In or about July 1995, the Commissioner delivered his report to the President.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 That report at page 154 contains a summary of the recommendations made.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The summary of recommendations is annexed to this judgment. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10368919 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 The Application \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 On 7 September 1995, EMG filed an application with the court seeking Leave to Apply for Judicial Review of the report and recommendations of the Commission of Inquiry}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 . \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par On 28}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 March 1996, the then Chief Justice, Sir Timoci Tuivaga, granted Leave to Apply for Judicial Review. \par \par The respondent filed a Summons to dismiss the application for want of prosecution on the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 November 2001. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 This application was finally determined by Byrne J. on 20}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 June 2003 when the Summons was dismissed. \par \par EGM filed a Notice of Motion on 5 February 2003, which was dealt with concurrently with the Summons, referred to above, wherein they sought to adduce oral evidence at the hearing of the judicial review.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 This application was granted on 20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 June 2003.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The respondent, by Notice of Motion filed on 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 January 2004, sought to have the matter reinstated to the cause list.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The Motion was granted on 23 January 2004 and the matter listed for hearing on 4 May 2004. \par \par At the commencement of the hearing Josefa Sadreu was substituted as the Interested Party on behalf of the 436 workers in lieu of the Fiji Mine Workers Union, it having been deregistered. \par \par The only oral evidence was that of Mr. Martin Jacobsen, who gave brief oral evidence on behalf of the applicant. \par \par The matter then proceeded by way of submissions on behalf of Emperor, the Interested Party and the respondent. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10368919 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 What does Emperor seek? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The statement filed pursuant to Order 53 Rule 1(2) of the High}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10368919 Court Rules by Emperor states:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 - \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93The reliefs sought are an }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Order of certiorari}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 to quash the purported report and recommendations of the Commission of Inquiry\'85.} {\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 a declaration}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 that the decision and/or report and/or the recommendations of the Commissioner\'85 ..was unlawful, irregular, without jurisdiction and/or in excess of jurisdiction, unreasonable, capricious and/or arbitrary and/or null and void and in any event there was no power to so act and }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 a declaration}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 that the Commission of Inquiry could not be validly appointed and/or there was no jurisdiction to appoint such a Commission as had been done under the Commission of Inquiry Act.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The grounds upon which relief is sought, are the type often criticized, in that, they are an attempt to be all embracing and the result is, that they are very unhelpful. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10368919 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 The validity of the appointment \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par The Commission of Inquiry was established under section 2 of the Commission of Inquiry Act, which states: - \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'932-(1)\tab The President may whenever he shall deem it advisable so to do issue a Commission under his hand and the Public S eal of Fiji appointing one or more Commissioners and authorizing such Commissioner or Commissioners to inquire into any matter in which an inquiry would in the opinion of the President be for the public welfare; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls38\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Every Commission shall specify the subject, nature and extent of the Inquiry, and may contain directions generally for the carrying out of the inquiry and in particular as to the following matters: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10368919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls38\ilvl1\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 the manner in which the Commission is to be executed; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}the appointment of a chairman; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}the constitution of a quorum; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}the place and time, where and within which the Inquiry shall be made and the report thereof rendered; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}whether or not the enquiry shall be held in public. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10368919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (3)\tab Every Commission issued under this Act shall be published in the gazette.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The on ly limitation imposed by Section 2 is that the Inquiry is to be for }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93the public welfare\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 .}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Counsel for the respondent submits that }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93the public welfare\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 may be defined as: - \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 The prosperity, well-being, or convenience of the public at large or the whole community as distinguished from the advantage of an individual or limited class.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93Vatukoula Trade Dispute \endash C36/H/20\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 would appear, from the evidence before the Commission of Inquiry, to have affected }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93the prosperity, well-being and convenience\'94}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 of the community of Vatukoula and probably the community of Fiji due to the impact of the mine on the economy of the country at that time.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 In any event one can only assume that this was the view of the President, as there is no evidence before me, that he held a contrary view or was unable to form such a view. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par In any event, it would seem that any challenge, at this late stage, against the creation of the Commission of Inquiry would have little chance of success.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 It is a challenge that should properly be made prio r to the commencement of the Inquiry and not 9 years after the appointment has been made, the Inquiry held and the report submitted to the President. \par \par Further it would seem, that even if a challenge could be maintained at this time that the President would need to be a party to the proceedings, which he is not. \par \par Emperor argues that the creation of the Commission of Inquiry to inquire into the private affairs of the company is ultra vires.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The authority relied on in support of this contention }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (}{ \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Cock v Attorney General}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \endash }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1999] 29}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 NZLR 408}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 )}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 is dependent on a very different enabling act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The New Zealand Commission of Inquiry Legislation is limited to the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 working of any existing law or regarding the necessity or experiencing of any proposed legislation or concerning the conduct of any officer in the public service\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 These limitations do not apply to the Fiji legislation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The period of appointment of the Commissioner was from 20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 February to 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 May 1995.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The Commission continued to receive evidence and hear submissions after 10}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 May 1995. \par \par By notice in the Government Gazette of the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 July 1995, the term of the Commission was sought to be extended. \par \par This notice said: - \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 In exercise of the powers conferred upon him by section 2 of the Commission of Inquiry Act, His Excellency the President, has extended the period in which the Commissioner is to present his report to the 31}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 st}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 day of July 1995. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10368919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Dated this 5}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 day of July 1995. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10368919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10368919 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 By Order \par }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10368919\charrsid10368919 M. Rigamoto}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \par Official Secretary \par Office of the President.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 As is apparent, the notice was under the hand of the Official Secretary and not of the President. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10368919 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 The notification would not appear to be in accordance with the provisions of sections 2 and 3 of the Commission of Inquiry Act.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid10368919 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 Section 3 states: - \par \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi11\li709\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin709\itap0\pararsid10368919 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10368919 \'93 In case any Commissione rs shall be or becoming unable or unwilling to act, or shall die, the President may appoint another Commissioner in his place, and any Commission issued under this Act may be altered as the President may deem fit by any subsequent Commission issued by Pre sident or may be revoked altogether by notification to that effect published in the Gazette.\'94}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid10368919 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10368919 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid10368919 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 It would appear that this section would enable the President to alter the Commission previously issued.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 An extension of the period of appointment would be an alteration to the commission.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The section does not appear to enable the extension of the Commission in the manner that has been done. It is the period of appointment of the Commission that must be extended. \par \par It is submitted on behalf of the respondent that sections 2 and 53 of the Interpretation Act provide any necessary remedy.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The application of these sections was considered by Kermode J. in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 R v Arbitration Tribunal ex p. Fijian Teachers \rquote Association and the Fiji Teachers\rquote Union \endash }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Judicial Review No. 2 of 1984}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 where the validity of the report issued by the Arbitration Tribunal was challenged on the basis that as no extension was given, the Tribunal lacked jurisdiction to deal with the matter and at page 9 His Lordship said: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93In any event section 53 of the Interpretation Act has application.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 It provides as follows: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid4729842 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4729842 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 53. Where in any written law a time prescribed for doing any Act or taking any proceeding, and power is given to a court or other authority to extend such time, then, unless the contrary intentio n appears, such power may be exercised by the court or other authority although the application for the same is not made until after the expiration of the time prescribed\'94. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4729842 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4729842\charrsid4729842 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4729842 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid4729842 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4729842\charrsid4729842 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 In my view the Tribunal did not act without jurisdiction and the Minis ter was entitled to entertain the application \par for extension of time notwithstanding that time had expired before such applications were made.\'94}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid4729842 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid4729842 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The respondent further refers of the Court to the doctrine of }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 de facto}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 office which might be summarized as: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 The acts of an officer or judge may be held to be valid in law, even though his own appointment is invalid and in truth, he has no legal power at all.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The logic of annulling all his acts has to yield to the desirability of upholding them where he acted in the office under a general supposition of his confidence to do so.\'94 }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \endash }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Wade & Forsyth \endash Administrative Law 8}{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 ed. 2000.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par Lord Denning MR in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 In re James (an Insolvent)}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid4286477 [1977] Ch. 41}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 at page 65}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 said: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93I cannot think it right that the validity of the divo rce should depend on which particular judge hears the case.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The decision [}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Adams v Adams}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 ], if correct, applies to any case coming before the High Court of Rhodesia during the interregnum.} {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 It makes the validity depend on which particular judge makes any particulars orders.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 That seems to me absurd.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Not only absurd, but quite unjust.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 When a person applies after UDI to the court in Rhodesia seeking justice, he cannot choose his judge.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 He cannot say whether his case will come in front of a judge of that court who was appointed before UDI or a judge who was appointed afterwards.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 He may not even be able to find out.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 At any rate, he cannot say \'93I will not have Begg J \endash I want Goldin J.\'94}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Simple justice demands that it should make no difference.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 No matter by whom the m an was appointed a judge, no matter at what date he was appointed, he is sitting as a judge of the court and the order made by him is an order of the High Court of Rhodesia.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 He sits in the seat of a judge.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 He wears the robes of a judge.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 He holds the office of a judge. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid4729842 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid4729842 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Maybe he was not validly appointed\'85. But, still, he holds the office.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 It is the office that matters, not the incumbent.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 I remember when I was first appointed the judge, a senior but disappointed member of the Bar raised his hat to me saying: \'93I raise my hat, if not to you, at any rate to the office.\'94}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 So long as the man holds the office, and exercises it duly and in accordance with law, his orders are not a nullity.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 If they are erroneous, they may be upset on appeal.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 But if not erroneous they should be upheld.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Such as this theme which runs through the important case in the Supreme Court of Connecticut \endash }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 State v Carol}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1871] 38 Con 449 and the Court of Appeal in New Zealand in }{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 In re Aldridge}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 15 NZLR 361.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The point is well put in the United States Supreme Court in}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Norton v Shelby County}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1886] 118 E.S. 425, 444-445; \'93where an office exists under the law, it matters not how the appointment of the incumbent is made, so far as the validity of his acts are concerned.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 It is enough that he is clothed with the insignia of the office, and exercises its powers and functions\'85 ..the official acts of such persons are recognized as valid on grounds of public policy, and for the protection of those having official business to transact.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 In the light of those cases, I think the decision of the Court of Criminal Appeal in }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 R v Cronin}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 was wrong.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 So was }{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Adams v Adams}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid4729842 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1971] P. 118.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid4729842 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 After reciting the above quotation, Ward LJ, in }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Fawdry & Co. (a firm) v Murfitt}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (Lord Chancellor intervening) }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid4286477 [2002] 3 WLR 1354}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 said: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93I am quite satisfied that even if there were some defect in the appointment of Judge Davies, the }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 de facto}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 doctrine operates so as to protect her judgment from the charge that it was invalid.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The provision of the doctrine, however, does not apply where the judicial officer is aware of the lack of proper appointment. \par \par The respondent further submits that the adoption of a more purposive approach to the interpretation of section 2 of the Commission of Inquiry Act should be adopted to give full value to the intention behind the appointing of the Commission of Inquiry.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The purpose of the appointment of the Commission of Inquiry being to enquire and report and that no purpose would be served if the Commission of Inquiry did not complete that task. \par \par The respondent further submits that the de}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003477 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4729842 minimi}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 s rule should be applied to ensure that the intention of the President is fulfilled by disregarding any minor procedural irregularity.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 In support of the proposition, the respondent relies upon }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Whitfield v Attorney General}{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1989] L.R.C. 126.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par \par It is submitted by the respondent that section 35 of the Int}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4286477 erpretation Act which provides:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 Where any written law confers any power or imposes any duty then unless the contrary intention appears, the power may be exercised and the duty shall be performed from time to time as occasion arises\'94}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 ;}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003477 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid5003477 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 may be utilized in conjunction with sections 2 and 3 of the Commission of Inquiry Act to validate the somewhat belated and somewhat irregular extension of time of the Commission of Inquiry.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 I do not think this is so. \par \par The Commissioner must have been aware of the duration of his commission and when he continued to take evidence and submissions after that time period had expired he was doing so whilst being aware of the lack of proper appointment an d accordingly the benefit of the }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 de facto}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 doctrine is not available. \par \par It is not possible to treat the continuation of the Commission of Inquiry after the expiration of the period of appointment set forth in the Commission as \'93a minor procedural irregularity\'94.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The de}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003477 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 minim}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4729842 i}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 s rule is not available to preserve the Commission of Inquiry. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Report and Recommendations \par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid5003477 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 It is now clear that certiorari will only lie with respect to reports when the final decision-making body is required to take the recommendations into account }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \endash }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Hot Holdings Pty. Ltd v Creasy & Ors }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 185 CLR 149. \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par In }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Ainsworth & Anor v The Criminal Justice Commission }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 175 CLR 564}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 , Mason CJ, Dawson, Toohey and Gaudron JJ said at p. 580: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93The function of certiorari is to quash the legal effect of the l egal consequences of the decision or order under review.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The report made and delivered by the Commission has, of itself, no legal effect and carries no legal consequences, whether direct or indirect.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 It is different when a report or recommendation operates as a precondition or as a bar to a course of action }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid4286477 (} {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Brettingham-Moore v St. Leonards Municipality}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1969], 121 CLR esp. at p. 525 per Barwick CJ), or as a step in a process capable of altering rights, interests or liabilities (}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Lain}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 , [1967] 2 Q.B. at p.884, per Diplock LJ).}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 A report or recommendation of that kind may be quashed, that is to say, its legal effect may be nullified by certiorari.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 But the Commission\rquote s report is not in that category.\'94}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003477 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid5003477 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Similarly, the report here under review is not in the categor y where the recipient of the report is obliged by legislation or otherwise to act in accordance with the report and its recommendations. \par \par The President and the Government may choose to completely ignore the report of the Commissioner and refuse or fail to implement any of the recommendations contained in it.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The decision is entirely at the discretion of persons other than the Commissioner.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Certiorari therefore is not available. \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 It does not follow that, because mandamus and certiorari are inapplicable, the appellants must leave this Court without remedies.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The law with respect to procedural fairness has developed in spite of the technical aspects of the prerogative writs.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Moreover, had the appellants had advance notice of the Commission\rquote s intention to repor t adversely, its failure to observe the requirements of procedural fairness would have entitled them to relief by way of prohibition }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid4286477 (}{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Reg v Liverpool Corporation; ex p. Liverpool Taxi Fleet}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Operators\rquote Association,}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1972] 2 Q.B. at pp 308-309, 309-310; }{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 re Royal Commission on Thomas Case}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 , [1980] 1 NZLR 602 at p. 615) preventing it from reporting adversely without first giving them an opportunity to answer the matters put against them and to put submissions as to findings or recommendations that might be made (See }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Mahon,}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1984] A.C. pp. 821, 828, 829; and }{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid4286477 Annetts}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1990], 170 CLR at pp. 603-604, per Mason CJ, Deane and McHugh JJ; p. 612 per Brennan J.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Instead, the report has been made and delivered in accordance with s. 2.18 of the Act and although it had no leg al effect or consequence, it had the practical effect of blackening the appellant\rquote s reputation.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Prima facie, at least, these matters suggest that the appellants were entitled to declaratory of the kind granted in }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Chief Constable of North Wales Police v Evans}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1992] 1 WLR 1155.\'94 }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 - Ainsworth}{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 v Criminal Justice Commission (supra). \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid5003477 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Their Hono}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003477 u}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 rs went on to say that it is now accepted that superior courts have the inherent power to grant declaratory relief and it is a discretionary power which is not fettered b y the laying down of rules as to the manner in which it might be exercised but that it is, however, confined by the considerations that limit judicial power. \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid5003477 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The court in }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Ainsworth}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 detailed the limitations to the exercise of the declaratory relief, which are: - \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 It must be directed to the determination of legal controversies and not to answering abstract or hypothetical questions; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003477 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid5003477 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (ii)\tab The persons seeking relief must have a real interest; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003477 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (iii)\tab Relief should not be granted if the court\rquote s declaration will produce no foreseeable consequences for the parties. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid5003477 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 In }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Mahon v Air New Zealand }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 P.C. [1984] 3 WLR 884}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 the rules of natural justice applicable to the appeal were reduced to two and were stated by the court as: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93The first rules is that the person making a finding in the exercise of an [investigative] jurisdiction must base his decision upon evidence that has some probative value.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 What is required by the first rule is that the decision to make the finding must be based upon some material that tends logica lly to show the existence of facts consistent with the finding and that the reasoning supportive of the finding, if it be disclosed, is not logically self-contradictory. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid5003477 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The second rule is that, he must listen fairly to any relevant evidence conflicting w ith the finding and any rational argument against the finding that the person represented at the Inquiry, whose interests (including in that term, career or reputation) may be adversely affected by it, may wish to place before him, or would have so wished if he had been made aware of the risk of the findings being made\'85 . The second rule requires that any person represented at the Inquiry who would be adversely affected by the decision to make the finding should not be left in the dark as to the risk of the finding being made and thus deprived of any opportunity to adduce additional material of probative value which, had it been placed before the decision-maker, might have deterred him from making the finding, even though it cannot be predicted that it would inevitably have had that result.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par It is on this basis, that the court must look to the application in this matter but in doing so, must take account of the limitations imposed that are expressed in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Attorney General (NSW) v Quinn }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1991] 170 CLR 1 at p. 35}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 by Brennan J where he said: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 The duty and jurisdiction of the court to review administrative action do not go beyond the declaration and enforcing of the law which determines the limits and governs the exercise of the repository\rquote s power.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 If, in doing so , the court avoids administrative injustice or error, so be it; but the court has no jurisdiction simply to cure administrative injustice or error.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The merits of administrative action, to the extent that they can be distinguished from legality, are for the repository of the relevant power and, subject to political control, for the repository alone. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The consequence is that the scope of the judicial review must be defined not in terms of the protection of individual interests but in terms of the extent of power and the legality of its exercise.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 In Australia, the modern development and expansion of the law of judicial review of administrative action have been achieved by an increasingly sophisticated exposition of implied limitations on the extent of the exerc ise of statutory power, but those limitations are not calculated to secure judicial scrutiny of the merits of a particular case. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 There is one limitation, \'93Wednesbury unreasonableness\'94 (the nomenclature comes from }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corporation}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1948] 1 K.B. 223), which may appear to open the gate to judicial review of the merits of a decision or action taken within power. Properly applied, Wednesbury unreasonableness leaves the merits of a decision or action unaffected un less the decision or action is such as to amount to an abuse of power.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Nottingham Country Counsel v Secretary of State for the Environment}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1986] A.C. 240 at p.249. Acting on the implied intention of the legislature that a power be exercised reasonably, th e court holds invalid a purported exercise of the power which is so unreasonable than no reasonable repository of the power could have taken the impugned decision or action.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The limitation is extremely confined.\'94}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003477 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid5003477 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Lord Diplock summarized the law on this issue in }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 CCSU v Minister for Civil Services [1985] 1 A.C. 374 at 410}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 where he said: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 Judicial review has, I think developed to a stage today when without reiterating any analysis of the steps by which the development has come about, one can conveniently c lassify under three heads, the grounds upon which the administrative action is subject to control by judicial review.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The first ground, I would call \'93illegality\'94, the second \'93irrationality\'94 and the third \'93procedural impropriety\'94.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 That is not to say that fu rther development on a case by case basis may not in course of time add further grounds.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 I have in mind particularly the possible adoption in the future of the principle of \'93proportionality\'94 which is recognized in the administrative law of several of our f ellow members of the European Economic Community; but to dispose of the instant case the three already well established heads that I have mentioned will suffice. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid4286477 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 By \'93illegality\'94 as a ground for judicial review, I mean that the decision-maker must understand correctly the law that regulates his decision-making power and must give effect to it.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Whether he has or not is par excellence a justiciable question to be decided, in the event of dispute by those persons, the judges, by whom the judicial power of the state is exercisable. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid7086470 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 By \'93irrationality\'94 I mean what can by now be succinctly referred to as \'93Wednesbury unreasonableness\'94 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid7086470 (}{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Associated Provincial Picture House Limited v Wednesbury Corporation}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 [1948] 1 K.B. 223). It applies to a decision which is so outra geous in its defiance of logic or of accepted moral standards that no sensible person who had applied his mind to the question to be decided could have arrived at it.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Whether a decision falls within this category is a question that judges by their training and experience should be well equipped to answer, or else there would be something badly wrong with our judicial system.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid7086470 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Finally, it is necessary to look to the application of these principles to Fiji.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The then Chief Justice, Sir Timoci Tuivaga, in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Siti veni Ligamamada Rabuka & Commission of Inquiry into the Deed of Settlement dated 17}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 th}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 September 1992} {\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 in}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Re: Anthony Stephens v Attorney General of Fiji \endash Judicial Review No. }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086470 HBJ0}{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 126 of 1993}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 considered the authorities and said at page 33: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93As regards the adverse findings that were against the applicant, it appears on the authorities I\rquote ve referred to that the applicant should have been warned of the risk he faced in regard to those findings and accorded an opportunity to defend himself.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 His Lordship, after identifying the findings which caused the applicant the most grievance then detailed the two important rules of natural justice referred to in }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Mahon v Air New Zealand Limited}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (supra)}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 as being }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 classic in this area of the law\'94.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid5003477 \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Conclusion \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid5003477 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The Commissioner made some 67 recommendations, which are annexed. \par \par The first and most onerous group of recommendations relate to the establishment of a \'93Social Justice Fund\'94 which was to be used to address the problems of Vatukoula and }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 then the fund will be used to provide housing to the underprivileged in other parts of the country\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \endash Report p.14.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The provision of housing to the underprivileged in other parts of the country is outside the scop}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086470 e of the Commission of Inquiry.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par \par The aim of the Social Justice Fund is stated by the Commissioner on page 15 of the report to be }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 a vehicle to enhance the welfare of the underprivileged and promote social justice in the country.\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 This is outside the terms of reference of the Commission.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 At page 16 of the report, the Commissioner says: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 I have recommended establishment of a Social Justice Fund to care for the needy sections of our community.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 This recommendation is not limited to events surrounding and issues in connection with }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93Vatukoula Trade Dispute \endash C36/H/20\'94.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The Commissioner at page 16 of his report says: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 The Social Justice Fund should redistribute resources from those who have to those who need for the progress and welfare of our community.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The first beneficiaries will, of course, be the people from Vatukoula who have been dismissed.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The Commissioner then at page 16, says: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 This in no way contravenes our Terms of Reference or contravenes any earlier court judgments.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The welfare of the community at large does not fall within the terms of reference and the recommendation is therefore manifestly unreasonable. \par \par Whilst the interests of the community at large are outside the terms of reference of the Commission of Inquiry, there also appeared to be no evidence before the Commissioner with respect to the welfare of the community at large.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 It cannot therefore be said that the recommendation is based upon }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93evidence that has some probative value\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \endash }{ \b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Mahon v Air New Zealand Limited}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (supra}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 ). \par \par Emperor had no prior warning that the Commissioner intended to create a social justice fund or that he intended to make recommendations in accordance with recommendations 1\endash 21.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Emperor had no opportunity to make submissions with respect to these proposals.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The recommendations impact on other members of the community and there is no evide nce before me to suggest that anyone was given any opportunity to make submissions or to call evidence with respect to these recommendations.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Therefore, Emperor at least, }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 were}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93\'85 left in the dark as to the risk of the finding being made, and thus deprived of any opportunity to adduce additional material of probative value which, had it been placed before the decision-maker, might have deterred him from making the finding\'85\'94}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \endash }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Mahon v Air New Zealand Limited }{ \b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (supra)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par \par Recommendation 4 recommends that Emperor contribute Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000.00) over 5 years to the creation of the Social Justice Fund.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 In addition, it recommends Emperor, together with all other employers in Fiji pay 1% of their gross payroll to the Social Justice Fund for a period of 10 years. \par \par Recommendation 19 says that Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000.00) would be collected into the fund over a period of 5 years and the Commissioner says }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 This will encourage proper housing for everyone in Fiji which is of paramount importance for a good living and I think this is the least a Government can do for its people\'94.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par \par This recommendation is not within the scope of the terms of reference of the Commission of Inquiry.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Those affected, including Emperor, did not have the opportunity to be heard with respect to these recommendations.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The Commissioner at page 19 of the report says, }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93I have no hesitation in accepting the submission, and the union \rquote s contention that the workers walked off their jobs because of poor payment and working conditions\'94.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par \par This is a finding that is contrary to the adjudication by the court in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 State v Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Employment & Industrial Relations ex p.: Emperor Gold Mining Company Limited, Jubilee Mining Company Limited and Koula Mining Company Limited (supra)}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 where Byrne J. said at page 2: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93 The union admits that the 436 went on strike because of non-recognition of the union by the company as the representative for the purpose of collective bargaining under the Trade Unions (Recognition) Act, Cap.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003477 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 96A.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par The Commissioner at page 20 of his report acknowledges that the strikers were lawfully dismissed as he recommends that the company should re-employ those workers. \par \par After acknowledging that the workers were lawfully dismissed, the Commissioner in recommendation 21 recommends that the lawfully dismissed employees be paid compensation equal to 4 years basic salary plus COLA.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Such a condition is manifestly unreasonable. \par \par The recommendations for the establishment of the Social Justice Fund and for the pay ment of compensation to the dismissed workers may be commendable recommendations but they are not recommendations that have been arrived at in a manner that makes them legally sustainable. \par \par The Commission might be summarized as requiring the Commissioner to:- \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 Enquire and examine the events surrounding and issues in connections with the Vatukoula Trade Dispute \endash C36/H/20 and in particular to: -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003477 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5003477 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93\'85\'85report to his Excellency the President in writing \'85\'85 \'85.. your findings and opinions on the matters aforesaid, together with such recommendations as you think fit to make in respect thereof.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par The report of the Commissioner therefore must contain only findings, opinions and recommendations relating to the events surrounding and issues in connection with the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'93Vatuk oula Trade Dispute \endash C36/H/20\'94.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par \par I am of the opinion that the report of the Commissioner is so fatally flawed as not to be a report of the Commissioner\rquote s findings, opinions and recommendations with respect to the events surrounding and issues in connection with the }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \'94Vatukoula Trade Dispute \endash C36/H/20\'94. \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par In reaching this conclusion, I take account of the fundamental significance to the report and recommendations of the Social Justice Fund which facilitates the payment of compensation to the lawfully dismisse d employees and is to fund the housing program. These recommendations and those that flow from them are, to paraphrase the words of Lord Diplock in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 CCSU v Minister for Civil Services}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 (supra)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 , so outrageous in their defiance of logic that no sensible person who had applied his mind to the terms of reference contained in the Commission could have arrived at them.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 The affected persons, in particular Emperor, were not }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 warned of the risk they faced in regard to those findings and recommendations and were not accorded an opportunity to defend themselves.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 \par Those recommendations are not supported by evidence having some probative value. \par \par The purported extension of the Commission after 10 May 1995 was ineffective and accordingly the actions of the Commissioner after that time are ultra vires.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid8209955 I therefore declare that the report and recommendations of the Commissioner are null and void.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid8209955 \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10822145 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10822145 JOHN CONNORS \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10822145 JUDGE}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid10822145 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10822145 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627608\charrsid10822145 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005400\charrsid10822145 AT LAUTOKA \par 11 JUNE 2004 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid10822145 \par }\pard\plain \s25\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10822145 \b\f1\fs28\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 ANNEXURE}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 \par }\pard \s25\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid10822145 \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10822145 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid10822145 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS \par }\pard \s25\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10822145 {\b0\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid10822145 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 1.\tab That one holiday be excluded each and the people of Fiji be required to work normally that day and all earnings from one day\rquote s wages be deposited into a Social Fund known \'93Social Justice Fund\'94 for the next 15 years.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 For avoidance of doubt the holidays for exclusion should be rotated each year or the G overnment may wish to give away one holiday that would not adversely affect any particular Fiji community. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 2.\tab That all employees should be required to pay 1 per cent of their gross payroll in the Social Justice Fund for next ten years. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 3.\tab That the Empero r Gold Mining Company Limited should contribute $400,000.00 per annum towards the Social Justice Fund for the next five years. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 4.\tab That the Government of Fiji should contribute $800,000.00 a year to the said Social Justice Fund for the next five years. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 5.\tab That this Fund be administered by Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Labour. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 6.\tab That the Minister of Finance appoints a committee headed by a Chairman and six other members.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The Committee shall consist of one representative from the Ministry of Finance, one representative from FTUC, one representative from Ministry of Labour, one representative from Employers Federation and one representative of the Leader of Opposition.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The terms of appointment be for three years and }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 all }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 appointees serve on this committee on a }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 voluntary}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 basis. \par \par 7.\tab That this Fund be utilized as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Lands in consultation with Native Land Trust Board make suitable land available for a housing project in Vatukoula for one thou sand, 2 bedroom low income houses to be built on the land provided for low cost housing. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 I am also inclined to recommend that the housing project be completed under the supervision of the Housing Authority.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10822145 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 8.\tab That the first expenditure out of the Social Justice Fund be towards housing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 That the Housing Scheme be completed within two years of the creation of the Fund.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 That all housing structures apart from high class housing which has been discussed hereinafter be removed from Vatukoula Mining areas.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 That the housing land rental for five years be borne by the Fund to the Native Land Trust Board or the Crown Land whichever is applicable. \par \par 9.\tab That after the expiration of five years all occupants be required to pay the rental to the respective landowners. \par \par 10.\tab That the people who have already purchased housing structures from the company be refunded their money because the conditions of the houses are such that it cannot be made a proper habitation under any definition of law. \par \par 11.\tab That Government draws up a proper legislation in respect of the recommendations, and Government should see to it that this scheme is carried out properly and effectively. \par \par 12.\tab That quarterly audit be carried out on any expenditure from the Fund. \par \par 13.\tab That monies going into the Fund be kept in a Trust Account for the purposes herein. \par \par 14.\tab That as far as possible each house be within the range of $15,000 to $20,000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 That for further assistance the Government should grant duty free entry for terms imported for these houses so that the cost is cheaper.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 That 20 per cent of the total Fund money be always maintained in the Fund. \par \par 15.\tab That if the Army Engineering Services are available (we have an excellent core of Army engineers) they should assist with the construction of the houses. \par \par 16.\tab That these houses should have proper ventilations facilities, proper roof and ceiling, toilet facilities, and proper kitchen facilities. \par \par 17.\tab That these houses be not in the mining area and all low cost housing be demolished, a new housing scheme be created away from the mining areas as there can be no permanent housing schemes in Mining tenements.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 18.\tab That for the Vatukoula Housing Project only, on the completion of the houses, each householder be given the necessary household furniture, such as, fridge, be ds, stoves etc at a cost of not more than $2,000.00. \par \par 19.\tab That after three years the benefit of the Fund should be expended and the Fund should be used for housing other people in the country on the basis of allocation being 70 per cent for the Indigenous Fijian housing and 30 per cent for the others.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The Government should continue with the Fund for a further five years.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 It is my view that approximately $50 million will be collected over a period of five years.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 This will encourage proper housing for everyone in Fiji which is of paramount importance for a good living and I think this is the least a Government can do for its people. \par \par 20.\tab That it would be correct to say that if you want the workforce to operate properly, it is only fair that one has a proper habitat and facilities where one can bring up his children properly, where one\rquote s children can study at night, and where one can talk and sit with his family without environmental hazards.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 I consider this an absolute right of an individual and we will go a long way in achieving social justice by providing some of these benefits to our workers. \par \par 21.\tab That the strikers who were dismissed be paid, a lump sum in compensation equal to four years basic salary plus COLA for those years. \par \par 22.\tab That the sum should only be paid when the dismissed strikers (ex-employees) have moved out of the company houses that they are illegally occupying. \par \par 23.\tab That the dismissed employees, if they so desire, be given the first chance of employment with the company when a vacancy arises in their former occupation at the mines. \par \par 24.\tab If recommendation is implemented it would enhance the company\rquote s image and illustrate to the people of Fiji that the \'93new management\'94 is truly humanitarian in the outlook and willing to address in full the shortc omings of their predecessors. \par \par 25.\tab In the event the company accepts and implements this recommendation, it should be emphasized that this type of payment would not be repeated in any other strike situation and it is only because this is a most exceptional case (rights and wrongs on both sides).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 In other words this humanitarian payment should never be considered to have created a precedent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 26.\tab The miners}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10822145 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 quarters in use at Vatukoula should be demolished and replaced with modern houses at a low cost, and with all modern conveniences contained therein. \par \par 27.\tab Land for these houses should be given to the miners for free rental for 5 years, after which they could start paying rentals to the Director of Lands or Native Land Trust Board as the case may be. \par \par 28.\tab That free transportation be provided by the company from the mines to the site of abode, but if someone decides to stay far away from the housing area, then I suggest that the company be not responsible for transport. \par \par 29.\tab The Government of Fiji is to introduce a strict legislation in controlling environmental abuse, and if necessary in operating mining areas and workforce which operate in the mines for their protection. \par \par 30.\tab A careful study be made of existing legislation in this area.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 New South Wales and Vi ctoria have led mining in the new era of pollution control in Australia with legislative provisions now primarily contained in the \'93Environmental Offences and Penalties Act 1989\'94 and the \'93Environment Protection Act 1990\'94.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 It is recommended that a careful study be made of these legislation and relevant provisions be adopted in Fiji. \par \par 31.\tab The sulphur dioxide acid S02 emissions from the roaster stack are not monitored but can be clearly seen at the top of the stack.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 This could be a major health hazard, and Emperor Gold Mines claimed that they do not have any record of the amount of sulphur dioxide coming from the stack.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The situation cannot be addressed by simply saying we do not know, when obviously there is a responsibility that they should known.} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 Furthermore , they should do something about monitoring the sulphur dioxide, and if necessary, the fitting of scrubbers to roaster stacks to remove any sulphur dioxide before it is released to contaminate the surrounding areas.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 Sulphur dioxide released from the roaste r could result in bronchial respiratory illness for the local population, it is problematical if this occurs, but one cannot help being suspicious when senior management who should know can only answer to the Commission, \'93we do not know\'94.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 It is strongly re commended that the Emperor Gold Mining Company install a gas chromatograph in the roaster stack, showing readings in the Roaster Control Room of the volumes and the type of gases being discharged to the atmosphere.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 That a report of monitoring be sent to the Department of Lands and Mineral Resources on weekly basis.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 32.\tab The Safety of the Tailings Dam: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-11\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7086470 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The Commission did not have the expertise to determine the stability of the tailings dam.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 This is a specialized field and it is recommended that consultants who specialize in tailings dam wall should evaluate the Vatukoula dams.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The stability of the dam walls should be established under all conditions such as cyclonic and earthquake loading, following this evaluation, an insurance policy should be taken out by the company via an independent international company to ensure against any unexpected breach of tailings dams resulting catastrophic damage to flora, fauna or the local inhabitants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 Where tailing dams have collapsed in the past resulting in the loss of li ves, senior management and the Board of Directors of the companies involved, have been prosecuted in Court for negligence that had resulted in death.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 One case comes to mind, where such action was taken in Italy and the Court rules that Board Members and se nior management were guilty of negligent, and hence, it would be advisable to have an engineering study carried out on the stability of the tailings dam walls, and a report be sent to Ministry of Lands and Mineral Resources as urgently as possible. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par 33.\tab One Environmental Audit completed recently at Vatukoula suggests that warning signs should be suitably placed advising people not to drink water from the streams in the mining lease.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 What this suggestion does not address is the question of how you inform you ng children, who cannot read, and wander around the lease areas of the dangers of drinking from streams, if it is hot and humid, as is often the case at Vatukoula.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 How do you stop a child who is thirsty that he or she cannot drink the stream water?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 It is recommended that immediate steps be taken as precautionary measures to prevent any mishaps which may create health hazards. \par \par 34.\tab Tank rainwater is said to be suitable for drinking.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 One question that remains unanswered is, \'93 what effect gases discharged from the roaster stack have on rain water?\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 It must have some effect, hence how can the rain tank water be classified as \'93uncontaminated\'94 at Vatukoula?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 We have }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid10822145 already suggested steps in regards to drinking water. \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10822145 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid10822145 35.\tab The transport of hazardous chemicals and e xplosives is normally carried out by contractors and the transportation of such materials should comply with the international standards. It is the responsibility of the Emperor Gold Mining Company to ensure that they employ competent contractors to do th i s work on their behalf and that such contractors know the dangers that could arise in emergencies with the transportation of such substances. The drivers of these vehicles used to transport dangerous substances should be fully trained in the action they s hould take in the vent of an emergency, that is, vehicle running off the road, a crash or a spill. That the chemical data sheet showing what steps should be taken in an emergency should be on display inside the driver\rquote s cabin and at the rear of the vehicle. Emperor Gold Mines have the responsibility to ensure that the contractors who carry hazardous substances, on their behalf, have been given all the relevant information, and that the drivers of such vehicles are fully trained in the action they should tak e in emergency situations. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid10822145 \par 36.\tab That this should be done here, similar legislation be enacted in Fiji, and that mine employers should pay for these policies and there should be no deductions from employees pay regarding insurance premiums as at present. Thi s should be a responsibility of the employer and the death benefit be increased from $24,000 to $30,000. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 37.\tab A national minimum wage be set for the mining industry. \par \par 38.\tab Government may consider extending this to other industries. \par \par 39.\tab There be no discrimination based on gender on payments for equal work. \par \par 40.\tab That the above procedures be printed and given to every employee and if possible translated into Fijian language and a copy be given to each employee so that the employee is always aware of what neces sary steps can be taken by him in the event a need arises to bring grievance to the notice of the management. \par \par 41.\tab That every endeavo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10822145 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 r shall be made to amicably resolve any grievance or dispute which may arise by direct negotiations and consultations between parties to the dispute. \par \par 42.\tab That while the above procedure is being followed, every endeavo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086470 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 r should be made to ensure that work continues normally except in a case of genuine safety issue.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 No party shall be prejudiced as to final settlement by the continuance of work in terms of the procedure laid down. \par \par 43.\tab The status quo existing before the emergence of the grievance or dispute is to continue whilst the above procedure is being followed. \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7086470 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086470 44.\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 These procedures will not restrict an employer or duly authorized representative of the employer or duly authorized official or the aggrieved party from making representations to each other.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 I accept the views expressed by the Counsel for the Emperor Gold Mining Company that this procedure is satisfactory and promptly independent system of conflict resolutions. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid7086470 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 45. \tab There should be powers given through amendments to Mining Act which should contain proposals and mechanisms to ascertain the effectiveness of the measures the mine is taking for the protection and management of environment.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The amended Act should provide for an environment inspection regime.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The amendment should provide for environmental inspectors and they shall be given powers by Regulations to enter a mining operation which require any person to pro vide information about the mining operators and given directions to the tenement holder requiring modification or cessation of operations.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 There shall be a right of appeal to the Minister for Lands and Mineral Resources against a cessation order. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid7086470 \i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 46.\tab That required amendments be made to Mining Act to provide for proper environmental conditions.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 It is recommended that on the granting of any licence or at any subsequent time, conditions for the prevention of injury to the land or for its rehabilitation may be imposed.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 These conditions may be reasonable and must be imposed for the purpose of preventing or reducing or making good any injury to anything on the natural surface of that land or consequential damage to any other land.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The power to impose such conditions should be with the Minister for Lands and Mineral Resources.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The Minister shall have power to impose such conditions at any time. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 47.\tab From the Social Fund that I have recommended earlier provision be made for scholarship to be given to the interested people for the next 5 years to receive training and to take over the positions in the mining inspectorate have the local staff to carryout these provisions which unfortunately are not available at present. \par \par 48.\tab That our Mining Department\rquote s budget be increased to provide proper facilities to carryout proper tests regarding pollution and environment, and regarding heat and other matters in the mines on a regular basis, including night inspections. \par \par 49.\tab That a resident inspector be appointed who can be stationed at Vatukoula for the next five years to give advice on the spot and to hear the grievances of the miners at the mines so that proper remedies be immediately take as and when required. \par \par 50.\tab The river water should be filtered and chlorinated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 Vatukoula mi ght be one of the last mining towns in the world where untreated water is drawn from taps that is freely available to children.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The staff at the mines state they drank untreated water for years without any ill effect.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 It would be fool hardy to think that there is no risk where a mining company supplies untreated water to be drawn from village taps or in houses where the senior staff live, there is an obvious need for treated water.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 It is also true that people are urged to use tank water for drinking, and river water for domestic cleaning, washing etc. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 Nevertheless, there are many times, during dry periods when tank \'93 water is not available and many of the local population cannot be expected to know the dangers of drinking river water without boiling the water before use.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 In the event of a serious outbreak of any disease that could be attributed to untreated river water, the company could not be considered blameless.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 There was no evidence presented at the Inquiry to show that the drinking of untreated water does not have any chronic health effects on humans.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 The drinking water requires daily monitoring until better systems are installed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 51.\tab That the company henceforth ceases to pump contaminated water in the pumps. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 52.\tab Efforts be made to immediately suppl y the Vatukoula community with treated water. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 53.\tab Disregard of the above should be viewed very seriously and if any infringements continue after a proper evaluation and consultation with the company (EGM) should be subject to prosecution. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 54.\tab That contra ct and piece worker or bonus worker shall be allowed in all classes of work provided that such contract and/or piece worker or terms of bonus shall be fixed and will enable the average employee to earn not less than 18 per cent over the weekly rate now pr escribed for the class of work now performed, but in no case the employee should be paid less than the minimum rate fixed by the wage council. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid7086470 \i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 55.\tab If a contract and/or piece work or bonus worker losses time through any default of the employer the workers shall be paid for such time lost at a rate which is to be agreed between the union and the company. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 56.\tab The employer shall supply to all contract and/or piece worker or bonus worker as soon as they are available cut at least fortnightly the correct measurements of the work to be performed by them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 57.\tab The contract and/or piece work price or bonus terms shall be submitted to each party prior to the commencement of the work to be carried out under the contract and/or bonus and each contract or bonus shall be in writing. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 58.\tab The contract and bonus documents requiring signatures of the parties shall be submitted for signature as soon as practicable before the commencement of contract and/or bonus work. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 59.\tab That one copy of the contract/bonus document shall be supplied to the union representative, or the worker if he is not represented for perusal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 60.\tab That the said documents should be given five days in advance, so that it could be perused by the worker or his representative before it is signed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 This five days period should not prevent work in accordance with the terms of contract or bonus. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 61.\tab That at the end of five days the documents must be signed by all employees which are party to the contract or bonus. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid7086470 \i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 62.\tab The Supervisor should give remainder 24 hours before the expiry of five days, and of the employees party to contract or bonus still have not signed that document, the company shall cease paying that employee the contract/bonus rate until such times as the employee does sign. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 63.\tab Employees working in wet places shall be paid 20 cents an hour in addition to the wages they are now receiving. \par \par 64.\tab A place shall deemed to be wet: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 (a)\tab where water other than rain is dripping from overhead, so that the clothing or workers employed there shall become saturated with water, or; \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 (b)\tab where a worker works without protective waterproof footwear in water and/or such under point to depth exceeding 50 mm. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8209955 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \par 65.\tab On dangerous ground no person shall be employed alone unless there is some persons within easy hearing distance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 If there is any dispute into whether ground is dangerous or not, it should be settled between the workers representative and the manager of the mine.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 In the event they are unable to agree, the matter should be referred to the Inspector of Mines for final determination.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 66.\tab Any employee who is required to work in rain heavy enough to wet the clothes of the employee shall at the option of the employer be either provided by the employer with waterproof protective clothing or shall be paid double the rate , which he is receiving.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 Where double rates are payable in accordance with this clause it shall be payable for the period commencing from the start of such work until the employee is able to change into drying clothing or until the employee finishes work, whichever is the earlier.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 Provided that if such an employee while properly using such protective clothing nevertheless gets their clothes wet in the performance of their duties, the employee shall be paid double rates for all work so performed. \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 67.\tab}}\pard\plain \s23\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls44\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7086470 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 Any employ ee engaged to do the work of higher grade shall receive the wages of such grade while so employed, but the event of a higher grade employee being put to work of a lesser grade such employee shall not suffer a reduction of their wages by reason of being te mporarily out of his grade.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955\charrsid8209955 For the purpose of this recommendation each day is to stand by itself. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8209955 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209955 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14960192 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14960192 -------------------------------------}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14960192\charrsid8209955 \par }}