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{\nofpages5}{\nofwords1398}{\nofchars7973}{\*\company Judicial Department}{\nofcharsws9353}{\vern16391}}\margt1530\margb1350 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180 \dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot16728687 \fet0\sectd \psz1\linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\insrsid5322499 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5322499 5}}}{\cs17\insrsid5322499 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5322499 \par }}{\footer \pard\plain \s16\ql 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\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LAUTOKA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 CIVIL ACTION NO. HBC0403 of 2001L}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 YOGENDRAN \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Plaintiff \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16610005\charrsid2495199 AN}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 D: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 SHREE CHAND, MAHESH AND NAVIN \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 1st Defendants \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16610005\charrsid2495199 A}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 ND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 COMMISSIONER OF POLICE \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 2nd Defendant \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16610005\charrsid2495199 A}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 ND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF FIJI \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 3rd Defendant \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Counsel for the Plaintiff: Mr. Haroon A. Shah}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 \par Counsel for the Defendants: Ms. S. Tabaiwalu \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 Date of Hearing: }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 29 March 2004 \par Date of Judgment:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 26 April 2004}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 JUDGMENT}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 The Claim}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16728687 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 The plaintiff by Writ of Summons seeks damages for injuries allegedly sustained as a result of the actions of the 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 defendant whilst the plaintiff was being questioned at the Tavua Police Station between the 31}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 October 2000 and the 2}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 nd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 November 2000. \par \par The plaintiff claims that he suffered a fracture of the 6}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 , 7}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 , 8}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 and 9}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 ribs together with the tenderness, swelling, bruising and cuts to the inside of his mouth.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 The court has been asked by the parties to determine liability only. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Background}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \par \par On the 31}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 of October 2000, a complaint was lodged with the Tavua Police Station that a bullock had been stolen. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 As a result of this complaint, the plaintiff was brought to the Tavua Police Station for questioning and is alleged by the plaintiff that during the course of being questioned he was assaulted by the}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 defendants w hich assault resulted in the injuries being sustained. \par \par Upon being bailed at court on 2}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 nd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 November 2000, the plaintiff immediately attended the Tavua Police Station and lodged a complaint with respect to the injuries and alleged assault.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 The plaintiff was then referred for medical examination and X-ray. \par \par The defendants did not deny the injuries as alleged by the plaintiff but defend the proceedings on the basis that those injuries was sustained by the plaintiff when he fell entering his home whilst being escorted by the police in the night.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 It is alleged that he fell on three steps having a height of about 3 feet. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 The Evidence}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \par \par The plaintiff\rquote s sworn testimony is that the defendant police officers attended his home at about 7.00pm on the 31}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 st}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 October 2000.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 A t that time the plaintiff had commenced his prayers and the police officers agreed they would wait until those prayers were completed.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 The plaintiff says he was aware of the time, as there was a wall clock in the room in which the prayers were being said.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 The prayers were being said in the company of the plaintiff\rquote s mother and other people.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 The plaintiff\rquote s evidence is that after about 5 minutes he concluded his prayers and was then handcuffed by the police officers, placed in the back of a van and conveyed to the Tavua Police Station where he continued to be handcuffed and was questioned with respect to the stolen animal. \par \par His evidence is that he was handcuffed to a steel bar and left alone whilst the police officers went off.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He says he was in a large room but without access to a toilet and was not given any meals or other sustenance.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \par \par After about 1 to 1 \'bd hours the police officers returned and rearranged the handcuffs so that the plaintiff was handcuffed with his hands behind him and it is at that time he says the police officers commenced hitting him.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He says there was one officer by his side and two in front of him slapping his face and punching him, which resulted in blood coming out of his mouth.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 As a result, he was taken into a room where he was allowed to wash his mouth out and on return he was hit in the front of his body and on the right side of his body in the area of his ribs. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He says that all three officers hit him one after the other and that the assault took place over 2 to 2 \'bd hour period. \par \par During the period of the assault, the police officers continued to ask the plaintiff about the stolen animal and he continually denied having any involvement in the alleged offence.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He was then taken to his home at which time he says he could not walk due to the pain.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He was taken in a van and was left on the outside of his home.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He called out to his mother who opened the door and the police officers went inside and removed a quantity of money from the drawer in his bedroom and then returned to the police sta tion where they commenced taking a record of interview from the plaintiff, between 12.00 and 12.30am.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He is unsure of the time it concluded but he thinks it was between 1.30 or 2.30am.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He gives evidence that he received no meals to this point in time and asked for soup.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He asked for soup as it was something he thought he could eat due to the injuries to his mouth but no food was given to him.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He says that on the}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 1}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 November at about 8.00am he was taken from his cell to the bure where he was fingerprinted and given a cup of tea which he was unable to drink and after about an hour he was returned to his cell.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He says that on return to his cell, the pain was unbearable and he asked to be taken to hospital and the officers refused.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Again, he says no food was given to him during the day or in the evening. \par \par On Thursday morning, 2}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 nd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 November 2000, he says he had no breakfast and he was taken to court that morning where he was granted bail and with the assistance of his mother went to the Tavua Police Station and lodged a complaint with respect to his injuries.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 After completing the form he was then taken to hospital by his mother, examined and given a letter to go to Lautoka Hospital for X-rays.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 These X-rays were carried out on the following day due to some difficulties associated with the operation of the equipment. \par \par The plaintiff denies that he fell on the steps at his property and says that there are three steps having a total height of about 3 feet.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \par \par No other evidence was given on behalf of the plaintiff apart from the tender of two documents. \par \par Exhibit P-1 was a copy of the X-ray report, which shows \'93fractured 6}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 , 7}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 , 8}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 and 9}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 ribs on right\'94 and is dated 3}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 rd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 November 2000.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Evidence was given on behalf of the defendants, by each of the three defendants and two station personnel. The defendants all denied the allegations and gave varying versions of the events with some inconsistency as the time and also with some inconsistency as to the duration of certain events. \par \par Constable Shree Chandra, the officer in charge of the investigation was most unconvincing in the evidence that he gave to the court.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Notwithstanding his 15 years experience in the Police Force, he appeared to be extremely nervous and uncertain and at times declined to answer questions asked in cross examination, necessitating directions from the court that he do so.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \par \par He says that they waited for half an hour for the plaintiff to conclude his prayers and that they left the plaintiff\rquote s house at around 9.00pm, arriving at the police station around 9.1 5pm and then leaving the police station at about 10.15pm to go to Vatukoula to collect the allegedly stolen animal and then upon return to the police station they conveyed the plaintiff to his home at around midnight to obtain the money from his drawer an d further that the caution interview commenced at about 1.30am and concluded at about 3.00am when the plaintiff was placed in the cell. \par \par The officer produced no notebook or other records that might show what occurred when the plaintiff was taken to his home in the middle of the night.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 He gives evidence that the plaintiff fell on the steps on entering the house but nothing more. \par \par Similar but slightly inconsistent evidence was given by other officers. \par \par The only records produced on behalf of the defendant were the Station Diary and the medical report. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 The medical report states that the injuries therein described being the pain over the right ribs and tenderness and laceration of the inside of the lower lip}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 ; \'93could have been caused as narrated\'94.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 The X-ray carri ed out subsequent to the medical examination confirmed, as is stated above, that the 6}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 , 7}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 , 8}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 and 9}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 ribs on the right hand side were fractured. \par \par The Station Diary, Exhibit D-1, contains the details of the time that certain events took place between the 31}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 October and 2}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 nd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 of November 2000.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Two entries were omitted and were later inserted.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 No notebook or other records were tendered to corroborate the oral evidence of the defendants.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 In particular no police records were produced to evidence any notation having been made as to the plaintiff having fall and injured himself.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Yet all three officers could give identical evidence as to the place and nature of the fall that allegedly occurred,}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 notwithstanding, that they were unable to give such precise evidence with respect to the other events of the night of the 31}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 October 2000. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Conclusion}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \par \par On the balance of probability, I am satisfied that the evidence given by the plaintiff is more credible than that given by the three defendants and accordingly I find that the plaintiff sustained a fracture to the 6}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 , 7}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 , 8}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 and 9}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 ribs on the right hand side and a cut in the inside of the lower lip whilst in police custody at the Tavua Police Station between 31}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 st}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 October and 2}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 nd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 November 2000 and further that such injuries were sustained as a result of a deliberate assault upon him by the 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 st}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 defendants.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 It follows therefore that the defendants are liable on the plaintiff\rquote s claim for damages.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Orders of the Court}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls56\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls56\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Verdict for the plaintiff; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16728687 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls56\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls56\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Defendant to pay the plaintiff\rquote s costs; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16728687 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls56\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls56\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 Proceedings to be listed for assessment of damages in the event the parties unable to agree.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 JOHN CONNORS \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 JUDGE}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2495199 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16728687\charrsid2495199 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid2495199 AT LAUTOKA \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473759\charrsid16728687 26 APRIL 2004 \par }}