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\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot9135580 \fet0\sectd \psz1\linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\insrsid6829208 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12653544 10}}}{\cs17\insrsid6829208 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid6829208 \par }}{\footer \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs17\insrsid6829208 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\insrsid6829208 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LAUTOKA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15222571 CIVIL ACTION NO. HBC}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 0407 OF 1997L} {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 MANO LATA \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Plaintiff \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 JANAK PRASAD \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 1st Defendant \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 2nd Defendant}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 22 March 2004}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Counsel for the Plaintiff: Mr. R. Chaudhary}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 \par Counsel for the Defendants: Mr. H. Shah with Ms. A. Ali \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 23 March 2004 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 Counsel for the Plaintiff:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15222571\charrsid9765486 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 Mr. R. Chaudhary \par Counsel for the Defendants:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15222571\charrsid9765486 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 Ms. S. Tabaiwalu \par \par Date of Hearing:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 22 \endash 23 March 2004 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 Date of Judgment}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 5 April 2004}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15222571\charrsid9765486 JUDG}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 M}{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15222571\charrsid9765486 EN}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 T}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 The Claim \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Th e plaintiff, Mano Lata, brings this action as administratrix of the estate of her late husband Ramendra Prasad, pursuant to the provisions of the Compensation to Relatives Act (Cap. 29), the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Death and Interest) Act ( Cap. 27), as a result of the death of Ramendra Prasad in a motor vehicle accident on the Queens Road at Nawaibale, Serua on the}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 10}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 April 1997. \par \par The plaintiff also brings a claim on her own behalf for the injuries sustained by her in the motor vehicle accident, she being a passenger in the motor vehicle, which at the time was being driven by her late husband. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Background}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par \par On 10 April 1997, the plaintiff was travelling in a motor vehicle being driven by her husband and bearing registration number DO 380 from Nadi to Suva.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Also in the motor vehicle at the time were the plaintiff\rquote s sister and her husband.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The plaintiff\rquote s sister\rquote s husband was seated in the front of the car beside the driver and the plaintiff was seated behind him and her sister behind the driver.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The party had left Nadi for Suva at about 6.00am to attend a funeral at the cemetery at 10.00am and to visit the home of the relatives of the deceased prior to attending the cemetery.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The journey was uneventful until about 8.30am when commencing to ascend Man Friday Hill.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 They confronted a truck being driven by the}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 1}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 defendant, Janak Prasad and owned by the 2}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 nd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 defendant, Department of Public Works.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The truck was turning across the road in front of the vehicle in which the plaintiff was travelling. \par \par The vehicle in which the plaintiff was travelling came into collision with the truck as a result of which, the plaintiff\rquote s husband was killed, as was the plaintiff\rquote s sister\rquote s husband.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The plaintiff and her sister were injured and were admitted, initially, to the CWM Hospital, Suva for treatment. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Liability}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par \par The defendants deny liability. \par \par The plaintiff says that her late husband was travelling between 80 and 100kmph throughout the journey and that they had commenced to ascend Man Friday Hill when the accident occurred.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 She describes having a clear view of the road ahead through the center of the front seats and saw the Public Works Department truck appear in front of them turning to its right.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 She describes the vehicle colliding with the truck towards the rear of the truck and in the vicinity of the spare tyre.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The plaintiff has no recollection of events after the collision occurred. \par \par Mr. Vijay Kumar, a lease inspector with the Department of Lands was travelling from Suva to Lautoka as a passenger in a taxi following the Public Works Department truck prior to the accident.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Mr. Kumar was seated in the centr}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 e}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 of the rear seat of the taxi and had a view of the road ahead through the front bucket seats.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He describes the Public Works Department vehicle as having passengers, workmen, in the back.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He saw the vehicle travelling about 3 car lengths ahead of the taxi in which he was a passenger when it suddenly turned to the right without activating its trafficator and without the brake lights illuminating.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He describes the truck as slowing prior to the turning but emphasizes that it did not stop.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Mr. Kumar describes the vehicle in which the plaintiff was travelling as coming into collision with the truck in front of the rear wheel where the spare tyre is stored.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The taxi in which he was travelling stopped and the passengers gave assistance to the injured people.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 After the accident, Mr. Kumar describes the scene with half of the truck on the left-hand side of the road. Mr. Kumar prepared a sketch plan of the scene of the acci dent which was tendered as Exhibit P-9. \par \par The first defendant, Janak Prasad, confirmed the matters contained in the pleadings, that is, he was convicted in the Magistrate\rquote s Court on two counts of dangerous driving causing death.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 These convictions were appealed to the High Court where the appeal was dismissed and were then appealed to the Court of Appeal where again the appeal was dismissed. \par \par He described driving the Public Works Department truck with 6 passengers in the back and 2 in the front with him.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He w as proceeding to turn right at the Nawaibale junction.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He was travelling at about 60kmph but slowing to turn which he did at about 25kmph.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 At the time of turning, he could see ahead for about 3 chains.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He could see up to the bend.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 It was a fine sunny day, the road was clear and in good condition. \par \par Mr Prasad says that he signalled his intention to turn right with the trafficator and at the time he made the turn he saw no other traffic approaching and that after entering the road junction, a blue car came and }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \'93bumped the back of the truck\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 following which the truck was brought to a standstill. \par \par He describes the truck when it came to a standstill, as having its tyres on the white line on the edge of the highway.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He says that the collision occurred when the car collided with the wheels of the truck and that there was no damage to the truck.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He says that it took about two seconds for his vehicle to make the turn and he was doing it very slowly. \par \par A passenger in the front of the truck, Narayan Dass, a fellow Public Works Department employee of 25 years and a life long friend of the 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 st}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 defendant said in his evidence that he could not see straight ahead as it was }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \'93a blind corner\'94.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He positions the truck 4 to 5 metres away from the white line on the edge of the road after the accident occurred.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He confirmed that the truck did not stop before turning and that the visibility was about 30 to 40 metres at the time the turn was made. \par \par Ms. Eta Suguta was standing by the road waiting for a vehicle near the intersection.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 She s aw the truck turn and that it was going very slowly.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 She heard a bang and saw the car collide with the truck. \par \par Mr Daram Pal, a Public Works Department employee at the time was travelling in the back of the truck and was aware of the taxi that was following the truck at the distance of about half to one chain.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He describes the truck as travelling very slowly at the time he made the turn and it stopped immediately after the impact of the motor vehicle with it.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He also is a life long friend of the 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 st}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 defendant. \par \par If it were, that the vehicle in which the plaintiff was travelling was proceeding at a speed of 60kmph, it would travel at the rate of 100 metres per second.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 defendant describing that the turn took 2 seconds and that his visibility was about 2chains.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 It is quite apparent that even at 60kmph the 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 defendant would not have been able to turn safely as he would not have been aware of any oncoming traffic.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 If the motor car was travelling at 80kmph then it would be travelling at 133 metres per second, again, making it quite impossible for the driver of the truck, 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 st}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 defendant, to safely turn when he is completely unaware of traffic that might legitimately appear in his path during the course of the turn being made.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 A motorcar approaching at 80kmph, on the evidence of the 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 st}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 defendant, would have only about 2 chains or about 70 metres in which to avoid a collision, as this is the limit of visibility as described by the 1}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 defendant. \par \par I find on the balance of probabilities, in the light of the evidence given in the course of this trial and in the light of the admissions made both in the pleadings and by the 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 st}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 defendant as to his conviction for the offences of dangerous driving causing death, the defendants are liable to the plaintiff for the death o f her husband and for the injuries she sustained in the motor vehicle accident. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Damages \endash the death of Ramendra Prasad}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par \par The deceased was born on the 3}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 rd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 of November 1960 and died on the 10}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 April 1997, aged 36 years and 5 months. The plaintiff and the deceased married on the 22}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 nd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 of November 1979 and relevantly had 2 children of that union being Eshleen Lata, born on 4}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 of May 1987 and Dipika Prasad born on 20}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 January 1989.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par \par The deceased was at the time of his death in good health and supported his fa mily by working for about 6 months of the year at Western Timber Supplies Company where he earned $70.00 per week net and for the remainder of the year he worked as a sardar of the Mate Gang harvesting sugarcane, where its agreed, that he earned approxima tely $30.00 per week net. \par \par The plaintiff was prior to the accident employed by Wearsmart Textiles Limited, Nadi, where she earned $65.00 per week net.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The plaintiff had some ability to earn additional income by way of overtime on an intermittent basis. \par \par The plaintiff\rquote s evidence is that the deceased gave to her his pay envelope and that he retained some money for his own spending.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 She suggested that she was given $50.00 per week however it is apparent that this could not have occurred throughout the entire ye ar but may have occurred throughout the 6 months when the deceased was earning $70.00 net per week.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 It would seem that the deceased may have retained about $20.00 per week for his own spending.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The plaintiff describes him as a moderate kava drinker and occasional smoker.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 He was a happy family man. \par \par It would appear from the evidence that the total family income averaged to One Hundred and Fifteen Dollars ($115.00) per week being $65.00 earned by the plaintiff and an average of $50.00 per week earned by the deceased.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 This being so it would appear that the dependency on the deceased was about 40% and accordingly I adopt 40% as the appropriate percentage of dependency. \par \par To determine the appropriate multiplier, the court has been referred to }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Helen Nina Work v Ratu Isei Turagakula \endash Civil Action No. 294 of 1992L.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 In this case the deceased was 36 years of age at the time of his death and the multiplier of 14 was applied.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The court has also being referred to }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Subamma v Chandar \endash Civil Action No. 373 of 1979S}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 where the deceased was 34 years of age at the time of his death and the multiplier of 16 was considered appropriate. \par \par In the light of the evidence before the court as to the deceased\rquote s habits and state of health at the time of his death, it seems reasonable to adop t a multiplier of 14 on the basis that he would have worked until at least the age of 50 years. Accordingly, a multiplier of 14 is adopted as being appropriate in the circumstances of this case. \par \par It is necessary to consider the loss on a pre-trial and a post trial basis as the pre- trial loss will attract interest and in this regard the court has been referred to }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Anjula Wati v Vakatora Holdings Limited & Others \endash Civil Action }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 HBC0}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 244 of 1995S}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 where an interest rate of 10% was adopted from the date the cause of action arose until the date of judgment.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 That decision was given in 1997 and the cause o}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 f action arose in October 1992.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par \par The defendant refers the court to }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Attorney General of Fiji v Charles Valentine \endash Civil Appeal No. ABU0019 of 1998S}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 where the Fiji Court of Appeal considered at that time the appropriate interest rate was between 5% and 7%. \par \par }\pard\plain \s5\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 In considering the principle of the applicability of interest in personal injury claims, the court considered }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Jefford v Gee [1970] 2 Q.B. 130}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 , where the Court of Appeal analyzed the logic behind the assessment of interest and set out various principles which the Court of Appeal repeated in }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Attorney General of Fiji v Charles Valentine}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Those principles are: - \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9135580 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \'931. \tab Special Damages.}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Interest should be awarded from the date of the accident to the date of trial at half the appropriate rate.}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 (Usually special damages such as hospital expenses, loss of wages etc, accrue on a day-by-day basis.}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Rather than the court making a series of interest calculations from the time each was incurred, it can achieve a broadly appropriate assessment by taking a figure representing a mean or average for the period.}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Half the interest over that time may be accepted as a suitable compromise figure in most cases). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls37\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Loss of future earnings.}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 No interest should be allowed.}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 (This is because the plaintiff does not become entitled to this money and until the award is made and so has not been kept out of it to justify giving interest). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls37\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Pain and suffering and loss of amenities.}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Interest should be awarded at the appropriate rate from the date of service of the writ to the date of trial.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 In applying the principles expressed in this case, it would seem appropriate in the circumstances to adopt an interest rate of 7%, which would result in an effective interest rate of 3 \'bd % with respect to special damages. \par \par With respect to the post trial loss, it is submitted on behalf of the plaintiff that the deceased income would have increased over the seven years post trial and to adopt a figure of $60.00 per week would be reasonable. \par \par The defendants in their submission adopt a multiplier of 10 and do not then differentiate between pre}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 trial and post trial income and submitted accordingly that the rate of $50.00 per week should be adopted for the total 10 year period.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 In the circumstances, I think it is reasonable to accept the plaintiff\rquote s submission and accordingly a post trial loss at the rate of $60.00 per week should be adopted for the remaining 7 years. \par \par The funeral expenses in the sum of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) are agreed between the parties.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 As is, the allowance under the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 (Death and Interest) Act, for the loss of expectation of life in the sum of Two Thousand and Five Hundred Dollars ($2,500.00). \par The plaintiff submits that the award should be divided as to 60% to the plaintiff and 40% to the children and that the 40% should be divided as to 55% to the younger child, Dipika Prasad and 45% to the older child, Eshleen Lata.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 There would seem to be no reason not to }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486\charrsid9135580 accede}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 to this submission. \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 The damages therefore are:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 - \par \par }\pard \s22\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 1.\tab Pre-trial loss\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab $}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 9,100.00 \par 2.\tab Interest on pre}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 trial loss\tab \tab \tab -\tab $}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 4,459.00 \par 3.\tab Post trial loss\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab $10,920.00 \par 4.\tab Funeral expenses\tab \tab \tab \tab -\tab $}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 1,000.00 \par 5.\tab Total Damages \tab \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \tab -\tab $25,479.00 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s22 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \s22\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls41\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart6\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls41\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Allowance under Law Reform\tab ) \par }\pard \s22\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Death &}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 )\tab -\tab $}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 2,500.00}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par Interest) Act\tab \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 ) \par }\pard \s22\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 ___________________________________________________________ \par }\pard \s22\ql \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 TOTAL\tab \tab \tab =\tab $27,979.00 \par }\pard \s22\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 ========================}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 ============================}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par }\pard \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 60% of this sum is to be paid to the plaintif f, that amount being, Thirteen Thousand, Seven Hundred and Ninety Seven Dollars ($13,797.00) in the sum of Five Thousand and Fifty Six Dollars ($5,056.00) being the benefit of child Eshleen Lata and sum of Four Thousand, One Hundred and Thirty Six Dollars ($4,136.00) for the benefit of child Dipika Prasad. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Damages \endash For the Plaintiff Mano Lata \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par The plaintiff was born on 21}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 st}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 of November 1961 and at the time of the accident was aged 35 years and 5 months and is now aged about 43 years.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 She was at the time o f the accident in good health and was working for Wearsmart Textiles Limited where she was earning $65.00 net per week.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 In addition to this amount, she was engaged in some overtime work from time to time. \par \par As a result of the motor vehicle accident, the plaintiff was hospitalized, initially, in the CWM Hospital, Suva and thereafter in the Lautoka Hospital.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 She suffered a fractured right femur and a fracture of the right radius.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Both fractures were required to have internal fixation by way of plate and screws and intramedullary steel rod for the femural fracture. \par \par The injuries and the result of surgery left the plaintiff with a 10cm long incision scar on the anterior aspect of the left forearm and a 24cm long scar on lateral aspect of right thigh.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 She also has a 4cm scar on the medial side of the right wrist.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 She is left with a limp and tenderness over the right hip joint and over the scar. \par \par As a result of the continuing disabilities the plaintiff says she is unable to engage in any overtime due to the pain that she suffers in her leg if she is requi}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 red to work for longer periods.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par \par The plaintiff was unable to engage in any employment for 180 weeks, that is, until the 4}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 of October 2003.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 She was then able to return to her former employment but says that she find s herself unable to find any other employment due to her ongoing disability and that she was able to re-engage in her employment due to her familiarity with the workplace and the employers. \par \par Whilst the plaintiff was unable to work for total of 180 weeks, i t is acknowledged that for 24 weeks she in fact received income from her employer thus leaving her pretrial economic loss at 156 weeks which is agreed in the sum of Ten Thousand, One Hundred and Forty Dollars ($10,140.00). \par \par The plaintiff submits that an ap propriate award for general damages for her pain and suffering and loss of amenities of life would be Forty Five Thousand Dollars ($45,000.00) divided as to Thirty Thousand ($30,000.00) pre-trial loss and Fifteen Thousand ($15,000.00) for post trial loss. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The defendants submit that the total general damages should amount to Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00). \par \par It is clear from the evidence of the plaintiff and of the examining doctor that she suffers a on-going disability with respect of the pain that arises from the surgery resulting from the injuries.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 In addition, she has residual scars that are still present some seven years after the accident. \par \par The plaintiff was 35 years of age at the time of the accident and she is now 43 years of age.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 I have difficulty accepting Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00) as adequate compensation for the injuries that she has sustained and the residual disabilities that she suffers.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 It seems to me that an appropriate award would be the sum of Thirty Thousand Dollars ($30,000.00) made up as to Twenty Thousand Dollars ($20,000.00) with respect to the past and Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00) with respect to the future. \par \par The plaintiff submits that an allowance should be made for the future loss of earning capacity.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The only evidence before the court of any specific loss of earning capacity is that from the plaintiff that she is no longer able to undertake overtime due to the pain she suffers in her leg.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 There was limited evidence as to the availability of overtime. \par \par I accept that sho uld the plaintiff for some reason lose her present employment then it may be more difficult for her to find alternate employment and in the circumstances, I think it is appropriate the sum cushion be allowed for loss of future earning capacity, the sum of Seven Thousand, Five Hundred Dollars ($7,500.00) is appropriate. \par \par Special damages are agreed as to the sum of One Hundred and Fifty Dollars ($150.00) for transport cost however the defendants dispute the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) for medication.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 In the light of the injuries that were sustained by the plaintiff, the evidence of Doctor Taoi and the evidence of the plaintiff, I think it only reasonable for the court to conclude that pain killing medicines were required by the plaintiff throughout th e last seven years.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 I do not consider the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) to be excessive and accordingly that amount is allowed making the total special damages for transport and medicine to Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars ($250.00). \par \par The loss of income is claimed by the plaintiff for the period of 156 weeks.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The plaintiff\rquote s evidence was that she was unable to return to work for the period of 180 weeks, that is, until 4 October 2000.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Her evidence further is that she received pay from her employers for t he first six months and accordingly it is agreed between the parties that the total period is 156 weeks and that the wage rate is $65.00 and accordingly, it is agreed that there has been a loss of income by the plaintiff for Ten Thousand, One Hundred and Forty Dollars ($10,140.00). \par \par In considering interest with respect to the various heads of damage I am again reminded of }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Attorney General of Fiji v Charles Valentine Civil Appeal No. ABU0019 of 1998S}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 where the Court of Appeal found the range at that time for interest was between 5% and 7%. \par \par As is detailed above, the court in that case also applied the principles expressed in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Jefford v Gee}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 , which I am obliged to apply here and accordingly, the special damages \endash transport, medicine and loss of income will have applied to them an interest rate that is one half of the interest rate applicable to the general damages. \par \par I think an interest rate of 7% is appropriate in the circumstances.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 I note that the Writ issued some six months after the accident and that }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Jefford v Gee}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 prescribes that interests be awarded on special damages from the date of the accident to the date of trial at half the appropriate rate and on general damages from the date of service of the writ to the date of trial.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Due to the lengthy period of time , between the accident/issue and service of the writ and trial the period of six months, seems somewhat insignificant and accordingly I propose that interest run from the date of the accident to the date of trial, that is, the agreed period of seven years . \par \par The damages accordingly will be: - \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 1.\tab General damages }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 \endash }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 past}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \tab -\tab $20,000.00 \par 2.\tab Interest}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \tab -\tab $}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 9,800.00 \par 3.\tab General damages }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 \endash }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 future}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 \tab }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \tab -\tab $10,000.00 \par 4.\tab Loss of earning capacity}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \tab -\tab $}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 7,500.00 \par 5.\tab Special damages \endash transport & medicine-\tab $}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 250.00 \par 6.\tab Interest}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 -\tab $}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 61.25 \par 7.\tab Loss of income}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 \tab \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \tab -\tab $10,140.00 \par 8.\tab Interest}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \tab -\tab $}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 2,484.00 \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 ________________________}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 _____________________________}{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li3600\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 TOTAL\tab =\tab $60,235.25 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 =============================================== \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Orders}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls40\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Verdict and judgment for the plaintiff pursuant to the Compensation to Relatives Act in the sum of Twenty Two Thousand, Nine Hundred and Seventy Nine Dollars ($22,979.00); \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls40\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The sum of Twenty Two Thousand, Nine Hundred and Seventy Nine Dollars ($22,979.00) is to be paid as to the sum of Thirteen Thousand, Seven Hundred and Ninety Seven Dollars ($13,797.00) to the plaintiff; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls40\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The sum of Five Thousand and Fifty Six Dollars ($5,056.00) to the child Eshleen Lata and as to the sum of Four Thousand, One Hundred and Thirty Six Dollars ($4,136.00) to the child Dipika Prasad; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls40\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 The money is payable for the benefit of the children, Eshleen Lata and Dipika Prasad, and is to be paid to the Public Trustee for investment and to be applied towards the maintenance, education and advancement of the respective child; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls40\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 Verdict and judgment for the plaintiff in the sum of Sixty Thousand, Two Hundred Thirty Five Dollars and Twenty Five Cents ($60,235.25) with the respect to the injuries received by the plaintiff; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135580 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9135580 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 6.\tab Defendant to pay the plaintiff\rquote s costs assessed in the sum of Two Thousand Fi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9765486 ve Hundred Dollars ($2,500.00).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580 \par \par }\pard \qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 JOHN CONNORS \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 JUDGE}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9765486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135580\charrsid9765486 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9765486 AT LAUTOKA \par 5 April 2004}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6829208\charrsid9135580 \par }}