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HBJ0}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 321 OF 2003L \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668842\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 CRYSTAL CLEAR MINERAL WATER (FIJI) LIMITED \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 Plaintiff \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668842 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 NATURAL WATERS OF VITI LIMITED \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 Defendant \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668842\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 FREZCO BEVERAGES LIMITED \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 2nd Defendant \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668842\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 P. MEGHJI & COMPANY LIMITED \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 3rd Defendant \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709\charrsid3503636 Counsel for the Plaintiff: }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 Mr. J. Sharma \par Counsels for the Defendant:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709\charrsid3503636 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 Mr. J. Apted & Ms.M. Moody \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Date of Hearing:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 17 February 2004 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 Date of Judgment}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 26 February 2004}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709\charrsid3503636 JUDGMEN}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 T}{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 Application \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par This matter comes before the court by way of a Summons filed on behalf of the defendant wherein the defendant seeks pursuant to Order 18 Rule 18 of the High Court Rules and the inherent jurisdiction of the court that paragraph 7 of the plaintiff\rquote s statement of claim be struck out.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The defendant contends that paragraph 7 and the relief sought in paragraph 5 and 6 disclose no reasonable cause of action; are scandalous, frivolous or vexatious; or otherwise an abuse of the process of the court. \par \par These proceedings involve only the plaintiff and defendant and do not involve the 2}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 nd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 or 3}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 rd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 defendant. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Background \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The defendant bottles and markets mineral water under the alleged brand names }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93FIJI\'94}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 and }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93FIJI WATER\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 and done so since 1995.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 It has used its current packaging and labe}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503636 l}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 ling since 1997.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The packaging and labe}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503636 l}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 ling has it appear from exhibits A and C to be a clear plastic bottle dominantly square in shape and having a transparent label affixed to the front and a back label affixed which has a waterfall which is then visible through the bottle and its contents.} {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The front label has on it green foliage and some flowers together with the dominant word }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93FIJI\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 in white with a gold outline and underneath the word }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93FIJI\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 is written }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93 NATURAL ARTESIAN WATER\'94. \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The bottle has a dark blue cap.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The 500ml bottle might be described as a square squat bottle. \par \par The plaintiff in about 1999 commenced a pilot purified water project and in 2002 commenced extraction and bottling of mineral water for local consumption.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 In about November 2002 the company commenced exporting mineral water.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The plaintiff has since it commenced marketing its product under the name }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93AQUA FIJI\'94}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 used consecutively three }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93get-ups\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 .}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 These three get-ups are all different.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 For the present purposes it is perhaps necessary to consider the get-ups as shown in exhibits B and C being the get-up currently in use by the plaintiff. \par \par The plaintiff used P. Meghji & Company Limited, as distributors of its product within Fiji and used other distributors in America and Australia.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The plaintiff filed its writ of summons after the defendant threatened the distributor, P. Meghji & Company Limited, with a claim for damages.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 They continued to stock, sell or distribute the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93AQUA FIJI\'94} {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 product.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The defendant alleging that }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93AQUA FIJI\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 was engaging in actio nable passing off, misleading and deceptive conduct under section 54 of the Fair Trading Decree and actual or potential trademark. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The Claim \par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Paragraph 7 of the statement of claim states: -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93The defendant has by threatening the plaintiff\rquote s distributors w ith legal action and by wrongfully advising them not to distribute the plaintiff\rquote s product with the word FIJI in its label has unlawfully interfered with t}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503636 he plaintiff\rquote s contract with it}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 s distributor, and has caused the plaintiff damages.\'94}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 It is this clau se that is the subject of the application before the court together with the claims detailed i}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503636 n paragraphs 5 and 6 which are:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 -}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93 An injunction restraining the defendant, whether by its servants, agents, officers or otherwise interfering with the plaintiff\rquote s contract with its distributor.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Seeks damages for interference with the contract.\'94}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The defendant submits that the principles to be applied by the court when considering an application to strike out pleadings under Order 18 of the High Court Rules and the inherent jurisdiction of the court include: - \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls16\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnb0\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls16\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 A reasonable cause of action means a cause of action of with some chance of success when only the allegations and pleadings are considered \endash Lord Pearson in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Drummond-Jackson v British Medical Association [1970] WLR 688. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Considering this principle, it is difficult to accept that when one looks at clause 7 and the relief sought pursuant to it on its own without more than the pleadings, that it does not provide for a reasonable cause of action. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 (b)\tab }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93Frivolous and vexatious\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 are said to mean cases which are obviously frivolous or vexatious, or obviously unsustainable \endash Lindley L.J. in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Attorney-General of Duchy of Lancaster v L. & N. W. Ry [1892] 3 Ch. 274 at 277.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 To consider if claim in paragraph 7 of the writ is}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93obviously unsustainable}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'94; requires a more detailed analysis of the law as to which see below. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 (c)\tab Abuse of process }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93connotes that the process of the court must be used bona fide and properly and must not be abused.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The court will prevent the improper use of its machinery, and will, in a proper case, summarily prevent its machinery from being used as a means of vexation and oppression in the process of litigation\'94 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 (see }{ \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Castro v Murray (1875) 10 Ex. 213. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Again, to properly consider if the process of the court is being used bona fide, requires an analysis of the law of passing off and an application of the facts to that law as to which see below. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par The defendant also quite correctly draws the court\rquote s attention to the words of Lindley}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 MR in }{ \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Hubbuck v. Wilkinson}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 [1899] 1 Q.B. 86}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 where he said: - \par \par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7633709 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93 It is only in plain and obvious cases that a recourse should be hard to the summary process under this rule.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par Clearly, great care must be taken in exercising the court\rquote s jurisdiction to strike out the claim being made by the plaintiff against the defendant. \par \par The plaintiff relevantly seeks an injunction against the defendant to restrain it from threatening its distributors with legal action for distributing its product, a cause of action that quite clearly could, if improperly taken, be used by the defendant to adversely interfere with the plaintiff\rquote s business. The plaintiff seeks an injunction with respect to the intentional interference by the defendant with the plaintiff\rquote s contractual relations with its distributor. \par \par In }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 James v Commonwealth (1939) 62 C.L.R. 339 at 373}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 , Dixon J. said: - \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93 I do not think that a bona fide assertion as to the state of the law and an intention to resort to the courts made known to the third party can be considered a wrongful inducement or procurement\'85 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 To treat a proposal or threat to institute proceedings as a wrongful procurement of a breach of duty is to ignore the fact that, }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 assuming bona fides,}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 the law always countenances resort to the courts, whether by criminal or civil process, as the proper means of determining any assertion of right. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 An intention to put the law in motion cannot be considered a wrongful procurement or inducement, simply because it turns out that the legal position maintained was ill founded.\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 (emphasis added). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503636 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The critical words in the extract quoted are clearly those that have been emphasized.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The actions of the defendant must be bona fide. \par \par There must be an honest and reasonable belief in the mind of the defendant in writing to the distributor and threatening legal action that there had been: - \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls13\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 actionable passing off at common law; \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls13\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 misleading and deceptive conduct under section 54 of the Fair Trading Decree; \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls13\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 actual or potential trademark infringement. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par It is necessary therefore to consider whether in the circumstances of this matter the defendant was acting bona fide in alleging passing off at common law, misleading and deceptive conduct and trademark infringements. \par \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 Passing Off \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The defendant has referred the court to the landmark authorities with respect to passing off.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Lord Halsbury in }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Reddaway the Banham (1896) 13 RPC 218 at 224}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 - \par \par }\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93 For myself, I believe the principle of law may be very plainly stated, and that is that nobody has any right to represent his goods as the goods of somebody else.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 How far the use of particular words, signs, or pictures does or does not come up to the proposition which I have enunciated in each particular case, must always be a question of evidence, and the more simple the phraseology, the more like it is to a mere description of the article sold, the greater becomes the difficulty of proof, but if the proof establishes the fact the legal consequence appears to follow.\'94}{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Clearly, the burden rests with the defendant to show that the plaintiff has in fact been guilty of representing the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93AQUA FIJI\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 product as the goods of the defendant. \par \par Lord Parker in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 A G Spalding & Bros v A W Gamage Ltd (1915) 32 RPC 273}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503636 said:}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503636\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93 The basis of a passing off action being a false representation by the defendant, it must be proved in each case as a fact that the false representation was made.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 It may, of course, have been made in express words, but cases of express misrepresentation of this sort are rare.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The more common case is, where the representation is implied in the use or imitation of a mark, trade name, or get-up with which the goods of another are associated in the minds of the public, or of a particular class of the public.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 In such cases the point to be decided is whether, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, the use by defendant in connection with the goods of the mark, name, or get-up in question impliedly represents such goods to be the goods of the plaintiff, or the goods of plaintiff of a particular class or quality, or as it is sometimes put, whether the defendant\rquote s use of such mark, name or get-up is calculated to deceive.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 It would, however, be impossible to enumerate or classify all the possible ways in which a name may make a false representation relied upon.\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par The essential element here of course is, it must be }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93calculated to deceive}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'94.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The burden must rest with the defendant to show that the plaintiff has devised each get-up and/or name in such a way as is calculated to deceive a consumer.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Trademarks Act}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par \par The word }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93FIJI\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 as appearing on the defendant\rquote s label being a geograph ical name cannot be protected by virtue by section 8 of the Trademarks Act.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 However, section 60 of that Act provides that nothing in the Act affects the rights a party might have with respect to an alleged passing off of goods as those of another. \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Misleading and Deceptive Conduct}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par \par Section 54 of the Fair Trading Act provides: - \par \par }\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri810\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin810\lin720\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93 A person shall not, in trade or commerce engage in conduct that is misleading or deceptive or is likely to mislead or deceive.\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par The provisions contained in the Fair Trading Decree are relevantly analogous to those in the respective provisions of the Australian Trade Practices Act and assistance might therefore be sought from the authorities, the Federal Court and High Court of Australia. \par \par Perhaps the most relevant consideration is that in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Equity Access Pty Ltd v Westpac Banking Corporation (1990) ATPR 40-994}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 where Mr. Justice Hill of the Federal Court of Australia summarized the principles as follows: - \par \par }\pard \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'931.\tab For conduct to be misleading or deceptive the conduct must convey in all the circumstances of the case a misrepresentation\'85 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s20 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls14\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 There will \'85 be no contravention \'85 unless error or misconception results from the conduct of the corporation and not from other circumstances for which the corporation is not responsible \'85 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s20 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls14\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Conduct will be likely to mislead or deceive if there is a \lquote real or not remote chance or possibility\rquote of misleading or deception regardless of whether it is more than 50% \'85 The question of whether conduct is misleading or deceptive or likely to mislead or deceive is an ob jective question which the court must determine for itself.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Hence, evidence that persons in the relevant class have been misled will, although admissible, not be determinative.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 In some cases, however, such evidence will be very persuasive \'85 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s20 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls14\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Conduct of a corporation causing mere confusion or uncertainty in the minds of the public \'85 is not necessarily coextensive with misleading or deceptive conduct \'85 Since actual deception need not be shown the court must consider whether a reasonably significant number of potential purchasers would be likely to be mislead or deceived \'85 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s20 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls14\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Section 52 is not confined to conduct which is intended to mislead or deceive \'85 and a corporation which acts honestly and reasonably may nonetheless engage in conduct that is likely to mislead or deceive \'85 " \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The Evidence}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par \par The dominant evidence before the court is that comprising exhibits A, B, C and D, that is, the respective get-ups of the defendant and the plaintiff. \par \par The defendants get-up is, as stated earlier, a squat square bottle with a dark blue cap bearing a transparent front label with the words }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93FIJI\'94}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 outlined in gold appearing very dominantly on the label.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The label has some flowers and greenery.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The back label is seen to the front label and the bottle contents and contains greener y, a waterfall and a body of water.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The back label also contains other relevant material with respect to be analysis of the contents and the description of the origin of the contents. \par \par The plaintiff\rquote s get-up is, with respect to the 500ml bottle, a longer, thinner, square in part bottle with a pale blue cap.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 It bears a wrap around opaque label, dominantly dark blue in color bearing prominently on the top of the label the word }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93AQUA\'94}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 and below that in about the center of the label in smaller and different font the word }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93Fiji\'94}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The label depicts a body of water and land contains birds, butterflies and greenery.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 It bears on its front the words }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93NATURAL MINERAL WATER\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 and on various other aspects of the label other material as to the analysis of the contents and the description of the contents. \par \par The comparisons that are made are made with respect to get-up No. 3 with respect to the plaintiff\rquote s product.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 It is only this get-up that has been considered as it, is the current and relevant get-up. \par \par Whilst on the defendant\rquote s label the most prominent word is the word }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93FIJI\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 on the plaintiff\rquote s label the most prominent word is the word }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93AQUA\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 with the word }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \'93FIJI\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 being quite secondary. \par \par With respect to the website the evidence before the court is that the website has been significantly and materially altered and that the alleged plagiarized material has been removed. \par \par The plaintiff submits that the website was prepared by the third party on behalf of the plaintiff and immediately it became known that allegations were being made by the defendant it caused it to be cleansed of the offending material.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 There is no evidence from the defendant in opposition to this submission.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Conclusion}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par \par For the defendant to obtain the right to threaten the plaintiff\rquote s distributor with legal proceedings, it must be acting bona fide and in accordance with an honest and reasonable belief. \par \par For a finding that was acting bona fide and for it to have an honest and reasonable belief, it is necessary for the court to be satisfied that the plaintiff was in fact passing off its product as that of the defendant and that the plaintiff was engaging in misleading and deceptive conduct in the marketing of its product and further that the plaintiff was actually or potentially infringing the defendant\rquote s trademark in the marketing of its product. \par \par In applying the required considerations of the court with respect to passing off, section 54 of the Fair Trading Decree and the provisions of the Trademarks Act, I am not satisfied that there is sufficient similarity betwee n the labels and the get-up generally of the plaintiff with that of the defendant to be able to conclude that the plaintiff marketed its product in such a way that was calculated to deceive the public nor am I satisfied that the public was in fact deceive d.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 The get-ups are in the opinion of the court, particularly with respect to the 500ml bottle, completely different.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 When reference is made to the plaintiff\rquote s get-up reference is at all times made to get-up No. 3 that being the get-up currently in use. \par \par The evolution that quite clearly went on with the packaging of the plaintiff\rquote s product throughout 2003 has seen a get-up which is distinctive and, in the opinion of the court, not calculated to deceive the public as being the get-up of the defendant.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Orders}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s20 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls15\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Summons dismissed. \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503636 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s20 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls15\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 Defendant to pay the plaintiff\rquote s costs on an indemnity basis.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503636 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 JOHN CONNORS \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid7633709 JUDGE}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7633709 {\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7633709\charrsid3503636 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6571962\charrsid3503636 AT LAUTOKA \par 26 FEBRUARY, 2004 \par }}