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OF 2001 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Between: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 RAJENDRA PRASAD BROTHERS LIMITED \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 FAI INSURANCES (FIJI) LIMITED \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Mr. B. C. Patel for the Plaintiff \par Mr. F. Haniff for the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid16219777 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 JUDGMENT}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 A.\tab THE CLAIMS \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par By }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 originating summons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 17 May 2001}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Rajendra Prasad Brothers Limited,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \lquote plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \rquote ) has sued }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Fai Insurances (Fiji) Limited }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (the \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \rquote ) seeking the determination of the Court on the following questions (as per the said summons):}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 A declaration that upon the true construction of the insurance policies Nos. 325, 326 and 332 (collectively \'93 the policy\'94) issued by the Defendant, FAI Insurances (Fiji) Limited, as insurer to the Plaintiff, Rajendra Prasad Brothers Limited, as insured the Defendant is liable to indemnify the Plaintiff for the loss or damage caused by:}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid16219777 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 malicious act; \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 theft; \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 fire, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 arising out of any one, or combination of: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 a riot; \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 civil commotion; \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 terrorism; \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 vandalism; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 that occurred in the city of Suva on 19 May, 2000. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 A declaration that on the true construction of the policy general exclusion clause }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 5.1(b}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 ) of the printed conditions ie: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \'93}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 5.1}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 This insurance does not cover any loss or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence or indirectly, or any of the f ollowing occurrences, namely; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'85 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Mutiny, civil commotion assuming the proportions of or amounting to a popular rising, military rising, insurrection, rebellion, revolution, military or usurped power, or any act of any person or persons acting on behalf of or in connection with any organisation, the objects of which include the overthrowing of influencing of any de jure or de facto government by terrorism or by any violent means.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 is not applicable to the circumstances of this claim and the Defendant is wr ong to rely upon it to decline liability and refuse payment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 An order that the Defendant do pay to the Plaintiff\rquote s mortgagee, Westpac Banking Corporation, Lautoka branch, the claimed sum of $3,512,036.00 or so much thereof as is not in dispute, together w ith interest thereon at the rate charged to the Plaintiff by its mortgagee since the 19 day of September, 2000 (or from such later date as may seem just to this Honourable Court) to the date of payment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Further or other relief. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The Defendant pay to the Plaintiff costs of and incidental to this proceeding on an indemnity basis. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 B.\tab BACKGROUND TO THE CASE}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid1729214 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The background facts are that the Plaintiff\rquote s shop at the corner of Struan and Robertson Roads, Suva was alleged to have been rioted and looted and destr oyed by fire at about 1.30 p.m. on 19 May 2000. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par The plaintiff says that it suffered loss in excess of $3 million as a result of that destruction. \par \par The plaintiff was insured with the defendant company against loss or damage from, inter alia, malicious act, riot, civil commotion and terrorism under Policy No. 325.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The claim is under Policy Nos. 325, 326 and 332 but counsel states that determination under Policy 325 will dispose of the entire claim. \par \par The defendant has admitted paragraphs 1 to 13 and 19 to 27 inclusive of the first affidavit of Rajendra Prasad, company director, sworn 16 May 2001. \par \par These }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 admissions in summary}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 are (as in plaintiff\rquote s written submission at p2-3): \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 the Plaintiff had a valid insurance cover on 19 May 2000 for risks, inter alia, of m alicious act, riot, civil commotion and sabotage & terrorism. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The Plaintiff\rquote s shop at the corner of Struan and Robertson Roads, Suva was rioted, looted and destroyed by fire at 1.30 pm on 19 May 2000.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 That destruction has caused the Plaintiff substantial loss, in excess of $3.5 million.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 On 22 May 2000 notice of loss was given to the Defendant by the Plaintiff\rquote s insurance brokers, Marsh. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The Defendant appointed GAB Robbins, on 22 June 2000, to assist in the adjustment of the loss sustained \'93by the Plaintiff by the events of 19 May 2000\'94. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 On 17 July 2000 the Defendant declined the claim in reliance on printed general exclusion in clause 5.1(b) of the policy (see exhibit B, first Prasad affidavit). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 In terms of the Policy the plaintiff lodged its claim but it was declined by the defendant on reliance of the said }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 clause 5.1(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of the printed general conditions in the Policy. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par The defendant opposes the plaintiff\rquote s claim objecting to the Declarations and Orders sought on the grounds stated below through its counsel in its written submissions (page 3) thus: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 \i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The Defendant submits that the events of the morning of 19 May 2000, specifically, the march through the streets of Suva, the entry into Parliament by armed gunmen and the attempted and/or overthrowing of the then government amounted to one or more of the exclusionary items set out in Clause 5.1 (b) of Policy 325, Clause 6(1)(b) of Pol}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214 icy 326 and 7.12 of Policy 332.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The Defendant further submits that it properly declined to indemnify the Plaintiff as the dama ge suffered by the Plaintiff was at least indirectly occasioned by or through or in consequence of the events referred to above i.e. the march through the streets of Suva, the entry into Parliament by armed gunmen and the attempted and/or overthrowing of the then government. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 C.\tab DEFENDANT\rquote S SUBMISSION}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par It is Mr. Haniff\rquote s submission on behalf of the defendant that the defendant knows that in view of the fact that the defendant has perhaps declined to indemnify the plaintiff it will have to establish that (as in its submission at p4): \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pni1\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 the events of 19 May 2000, specially, the entry into Parliament by armed gunmen and the attempted and/or overthrowing of the then government, amounted to any one or more of the exclusionary items in Clause 5.1(b); and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pni1\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 if (i) a bove is established, whatever damage that was suffered by the Plaintiff was at least indirectly as a result of one of those exclusionary items. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pni1\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The Defendant accepts that not all the exclusionary items referred to above will be applicable on the facts of the present case.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The Defendant will not rely on the following exclusionary items in 5.1(b): Civil commotion assuming the proportions of or amounting to a popular rising, military power, military rising, revolution and any act of any person or persons acti ng on behalf of or in connection with any organisation, the object of which include the overthrowing or influencing of any de jure or de facto government by terrorism or by any violent means.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The defendant has to establish that the damage suffered by the plaintiff was }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 indirectly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 caused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 any one}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of the following exclusionary items of clause 5.1(b): \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (i)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Mutiny}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 ;}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (ii)}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 insurrection}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 ; (iii)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 rebellion}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and (iv) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 usurped power}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The defendant also accepts that the onus is on it to prove that the exclusion clause a pplies (vide }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Suresh Kumar Singh v Sun Insurance Company Limited (unreported}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 ) Suva, High Court Civil Action No. 382 of 2000S at 3, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Scott J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 ). \par \par The learned counsel then deals with the various heads of the exclusion clause as stated below. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Mr. Haniff goes at great lengths dealing with the taking over of Parliament by George Speight and his supporters and refers to certain passages from cases arising out of the events of 19 May 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The cases he referred to were: }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Chandrika Prasad v The Republic of Fiji and Attorney-General of Fiji}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214 (HBC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 0217 of 2000L at 17 (unreported), }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Republic of Fiji & Anor. v Prasad}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 [judgment 2001]), Civ. App. No. 78 of 2000S FCA) (Reported NZAR at 385), }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The Reverend Akuila Yabaki & Ors v. The President of the Republic of the Fiji Islands & Anor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (Civ. Action No. HBC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214 0}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 119 of 2001S - unreported, Scott J), and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The Reverend Akuila Yabaki & Ors v The President of the Republic of the Fiji Islands and Anor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (Civ. Appeal No. ABU0061 of 2001S - unreported, }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Lordships Barker, Ward and Davies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par He then refers to George Speight\rquote s }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 conviction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 for treason on }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 20 February 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and the overt acts of treason to which he pleaded guilty. \par \par With reference to the definitions of the words \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 mutiny}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94, \'93}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 insurrection}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 rebellion}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94 and \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 usurped power}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94 he submits that the a ctions of Speight and his supporters on 19 May 2000: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 constituted collective defiance or disregard of authority or refusal to obey authority: See Overt Acts 1, 2, 3 and 5. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 constituted an organised and violent uprising with the object of trying to overthro w or supplant the government as its main purpose.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 These actions were a rebellion or, at the very least, insurrection.}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 George Speight\rquote s expressed intent was to force a change of government and did in fact attempt to supplant the government by forming an illegal government styled the \lquote Taukei Civilian Government\rquote by acts of violence: See Overt Acts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Arrogated himself the power of lawmaking that properly belonged to the People\rquote s Coalition Government:}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 See Overt Acts 3, 4 and 5. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 On these submissions he urges the Court to find }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 any one}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of the following: mutiny, insurrection, rebellion or usurped power in terms of the said Clause 5.1(b) of the Policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 He says that cases of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Suresh Kumar Singh }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (supra) and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Yatulau Company Ltd v Sun Insurance Ltd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 (Action No. HBC0380 of 2000)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 did not decide as alleged by the plaintiff that what happened in Suva City on 19 May 2000 was a riot and not \lquote rebellion\rquote or \lquote insurrection\rquote or \lquote usurped power\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 He says that those cases can be distinguished from the present case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 In }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Yatulau}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 he says that there was no issue of any exclusion clause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 In Suresh Singh he says that the exclusion provision differed markedly from those in the present action. \par \par Counsel further submits that it is a fundamental rule of insurance law that the insurer is only liable for losses proximately caused by the peril covered by the policy (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 MacGillivray on Insurance Law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Ed. 451).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 But then he submits that the word \lquote indirectly by\rquote in Policy 325 displaces the operation of proximate clause rule. \par \par The facts and circumstances relating to the events of 19 May 2000 are contained in the various affidavits filed by the plaintiff and defendant. \par \par Mr. Haniff refers to parts of the said affidavits and also to the affidavit evidence of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 James Datta }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Imraz Iqbal Ali}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 . \par \par Mr. Haniff outlined what happened at Government House Gate and at Parliament.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 It was after 11.30 a.m. that shop and businesses in Suva City \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 became a free for all, the situation degenerated in chaos with independent looting taking place}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 after the insurrection.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 It was at 1.30 pm that the plaintiff\rquote s premises were looted and set on fire. \par \par Counsel submits that \lquote }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 the inference to be drawn from the events is that the happening of the coup at the very least indirectly gave rise to the situation in which the looting could occur}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \rquote . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par He further submits that the evidence \lquote }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 would leave it quite unreasonable to conclude other than that the riot was an indirect consequence of the tragic and horrible things that has happened and were happening in Parliament}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \rquote . \par \par Mr. Haniff relied heavily on the case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Grell-Taurell Ltd v Caribbean Home Insurance Co. Ltd & Ors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 . [2002] Lloyds Rep. 655 C.A. Trinidad, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Spinney\rquote s case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (infra) and }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Pillay v General Insurance Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 [1985] LRC (Comm) 162, Supreme Court of Seychelles. \par \par Counsel submits that the looting in Suva City started after the news of the insurrection spread in the city. \par \par He wants the Court to find that the damage suffered by the plaintiff was at least indirectly caused by, or resulted from insurrection, mutiny, rebellion or usurped power.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Therefore he says that the case falls within exclusion 5.1(b) of the Policy and the defendant is not liable to indemnify the plaintiff under the Policy. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par On \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 terrorism}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94 contrary to what Mr. Patel says the defendant\rquote s counsel states that there is no inco nsistency between the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 terrorism cover and clause 5.1(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 . The difference is that the exclusionary items specified in 5.1(b) allowed political ends by force and not by fear. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par The defendant\rquote s counsel says that the cover is in the following terms: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The Policy extends to cover damage to Insured Property directly caused by Sabotage or }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Terrorism}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Terrorism means use of violence for political ends and includes any use of violence for the purpose of putting the public in fear.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par Further, on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Clause 5.1(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 counsel submits as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The insurance }{ \i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 does not cover any loss}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence of or indirectly by, any of the following occurrences, namely:\'85\'94}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 If the Defendant proves that the damage was caused indirectly by the mutiny, insurrection, rebellion or usurped power then the Plaintiff cannot recover. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 In any event, there is no evidence before this Court that establishes that the actions of Speight and his supporters comprised \'93acts of terrorism\'94.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The evidence before the Court clearly establishes that Speight and his supporters acted to overthrow the lawful Government, and thereby committed at least insurrection.}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 In particular there is no evidence that establishes that Speight and his supporters committed acts intended or calculate d to create a state of terror in the minds of particular persons, or a group of persons or the general public. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Similarly there is no evidence before the Court to conclude that the actions of the looting crowd constituted acts of terrorism.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 No evidence establishes that the looters \'93used violence for the purpose of putting the public or a section of the public in fear and/or for political ends\'94. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Further, it is irrelevant whether the conduct of Speight and his followers comprised \'93acts of terrorism\'94.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 It is n ot suggested by the Plaintiff that George Speight and his supporters were the direct cause of the damage; indeed, the Plaintiffs have been at pains to disassociate the looters from Speight and his supporters.}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The onus is on the Plaintiff to prove that the people who }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 directly caused}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 the damage, i.e. the looters, were committing acts of terrorism.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There is no evidence before the Court that establishes the looters were terrorists. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par He concludes by saying that }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 section 25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Insurance Law Reform Act 1996}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 has no application to the instant case. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par Counsel\rquote s argument is that section 25 as it stands is incomprehensible}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 because there are words that are clearly missing, the end result being that the section is incapable of being assigned any sensible meaning. \par \par He further submits that the plaintiff is not entitled to raise this issue without pleading it. \par \par Mr. Haniff refers to the leading case on the interpretation of s11 in the New Zealand case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 New Zealand Insurance Co. Ltd v Harris }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 [1990] 1 NZLR 10.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The said section 11 is similar to the said section 25.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 He sets out in his submission the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 two step inquiry}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 which the Court of Appeal held that s11 contemplates where the contract of insurance excludes or limits the insurer\rquote s liability on the happening of certain events o r the existence of certain circumstances. \par \par Counsel says that there is no evidence before the Court to make a finding on either of the two steps prescribed by the New Zealand Court of Appeal. \par \par Therefore, he says that the plaintiff has not made out any case for relief under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 s.25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Insurance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Law Reform Act 1996}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 . \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 D.\tab PLAINTIFF\rquote S SUBMISSION \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par The learned counsel for the plaintiff, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Mr. B.C. Patel}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 submits that under }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Or 28 r 2(4)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 High Court Rules 1988,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 the defendant was required to disclose its defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 All it did in support of its case on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 exclusion clause 5.1(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 is produce two \lquote Fiji Sun\rquote newspaper articles exhibited to Fimone\rquote s affidavit with bold assertions, without supporting evidence by Fimone.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Counsel says that these are hearsay and little or no weight should be given for the purpose of proving }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 causation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 . \par \par Mr. Patel submits that the fact of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Speight\rquote s conviction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 on }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 18 February 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 on his own plea of guilty do not establish }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 causal connection}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 between the actions of Speight and the plaintiff\rquote s loss. \par \par Counsel submits that (as in p11 of plaintiff\rquote s submission): \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The eleventh overt act shows that Speight pleaded guilty to \'93 unlawfully incite, aid and abet, counsel and procure various acts of looting, rioting and breach of the peace }{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 by other persons unknown}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 in the course of an armed insurrection\'94.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 George Speight did not plead guilty to }{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 all}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 looting in Fiji on 19 May 2000 but only to some of it (\'93}{ \i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 various}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 acts of looting\'94).}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There is no evidence that \'93the various acts of looting\'94 included }{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 all}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 the looting in Suva city or more importantly that it included the looting at Plaintiff\rquote s shop.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 It doesn\rquote t state that the looting to which Speight pleaded guilty included any or all the looting in Suva city}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 . }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 No inference can be drawn to link the Plaintiff\rquote s loss. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par Mr. Patel submits that the evidence before this Court supports the finding in the two High Court insurance claim cases of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Suresh Kumar Singh }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Yatalau Company Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (supra) that there was a }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 riot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 in Suva on 19 May 2000 and that the rioters looted the plaintiff\rquote s shop.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Th ere is no evidence to support a finding that one of the excluded events occurred on 19 May 2000 or that there was any causal connection between an excluded event and the plaintiff\rquote s loss. \par \par Counsel referred to the affidavit evidence of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Mr. James Datta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Mr. Imraz Iqbal Ali}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 which revealed, inter alia, that there were }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 three separate groups}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 : the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Speight group}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 marchers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 rioters and looters}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The riot and looting started at Tappoo\rquote s shop at 1.00 pm and that rioters and looters moved to DB Diamond store and then around Nina Street including the plaintiff\rquote s shop. \par \par Mr. Patel submitted that the excluded events do not apply in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 He said that the rioters and looters were a different group from Speight and his supporters.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There is no evidence that a ny of them have been charged for treason.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There is no evidence of any }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 causal connection}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 between the rioters and Speight group and other groups to make them part of the events that occurred in Parliament.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 He submits that whatever occurred elsewhere in the city was merely background, having no demonstrated causal link or relevance to the plaintiff\rquote s loss. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 Act of terrorism \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par As far as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 terrorism }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 is concerned counsel says that a specific terrorism cover was taken out by the plaintiff.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Such cover is normally not provided by the standard policy wording. \par \par The \'93terrorism\'94 cover insures against loss or damage caused by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 use of violence for political ends}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and includes any use of violence for the purpose of putting the public or any section of the public in fear\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 s.25 of Insurance Law Reform Act 1996}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par \par Counsel submits that if there was a causal connection between the excluded event and the loss then evidence shows, inter alia, that such connection was tenuous. \par \par Accordingly, he says, the Court can grant relief against the exclusion clause in the policy under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 s.25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of the Insurance Law Reform Act 1996}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 . \par \par Mr. Patel dealt with the affidavit evidence produced by the defendant. \par \par He submits that the defendant relies on the two newspaper articles referred to in the affidavit of Fimone.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 These articles, he says, do not establish causal connection. \par \par Counsel submits that as to the article of 20 May 2000 the reporter Ms Hicks has}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 rejected Fimone\rquote s statement.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There is no suggestion in that article that the March and the subsequent disturbances comprised a well \'93}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 orchestrated plan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94 to topple the Government of the day. \par \par He further submits that there is no causal connection between the excluded event and the loss in Tora\rquote s statement of 2 August 2000 when he is reported as saying that \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 the ma rch was used as a decoy for the armed overthrow of the Government of the day}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 It is made clear when Tora said in the same article that \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 they did not have a hand in the rioting and burning that followed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214\charrsid1729214 E.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid1729214 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 CONSIDERATION OF THE ISSUES \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 (i)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Issues for determination \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The issues for Court\rquote s determination are as follows (as seated in the Pre-trial Conference Minutes): \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Did any of the excluded events occur on 19 May 2000, and if so, which one and where? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Was the Plaintiff\rquote s loss or damage \'93occasioned through or in consequence }{ \i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 or indirectly of}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94 any of the excluded events? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 If the actions of George Speight and his group who took over Parliament and held the Prime Minister and others hostages \'93indirectly occasioned\'94 the loss to the Plaintiff then was that loss also caused by an \'93act of terrorism\'94 as defined in the policy? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Does the terrorism cover provided by the }{ \i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 specification clause}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of the policy prevail over the }{ \i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 printed}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 exclusion clause 5.1(b)? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 If the Plaintiff\rquote s loss or damage was occasioned }{ \i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 indirectly}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 by an ex cluded event then should the Plaintiff be granted relief under s.25 of the Insurance Law Reform Act 1996 because such excluded event was not the proximate cause and had not materially contributed to that loss or damage? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \fi22\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Should the Court order payment of the admitted amount of $2,445,203.00? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li1418\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Should the Defendant pay interest, and if so, at what rate and for what period?}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls11\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Burden of Proof \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The burden of proof is on the defendant to prove that the exclusion clause applies to this case. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The defendant is requi red to, on a balance of probabilities, prove that the following two limbs of the exclusion clause are satisfied: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls12\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 that there was a mutiny, rebellion, revolution, insurrection or usurped power in Parliament at 1.30 pm on 19 May 2000; }{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-709\li2127\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls12\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 that the Plaintiff\rquote s loss or damage was \'93 occasioned by or through or in consequence or indirectly of\'94 one or more of those occurrences. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls11\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Standard of Proof \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 In this case in so far as it is relevant to this action, the defendant states that one of the excluded events of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 mutiny}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 revolution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 rebellion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 insurrection}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 or }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 usurped power}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 occurred in Suva on 19 May 2000. \par \par These are serious allegations and hence strong evidence is required to be produced to prove even on a balance probabilities. \par \par The following passage from the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Lord Nicholls}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Re H (Minors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 ) [1996] AC 563 at 586 sums up the requirements very succinctly: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93 The balance of probability standard means that a court is satisfied an event occurred if the court considers that, on the evidence, the occurrence of the event was more likely than not.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 When assessing the probabilities the court will have in mind as a factor, to whatever extent is appropriate in the particular case, that the more serious the allegation the less likely it is that the event occurred and, hence, the stronger should be the evidence before the court concludes that the allegation is established on the balance of probability.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Fraud is usually less likely than negligence.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Deliberate physical injury is usually less likely than accidental physical injury.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 A stepfather is usually less likely to have repeatedly raped and had consensual oral sex with his under age stepdaughter than on some occasion to have lost his temper and slapped her.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Built into the preponderance of probability standard is a generous degree of flexibility in respect of the seriousness of the allegation. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Although the result is much the same, this does not mean that where a serious allegation is in issue the standard of proof required is higher.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 It means only that the inherent probability or improbability of an event is itself a matter to be taken into account when weighing the probabilities and deciding whether, on balance, the event occurred.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The more improbable the event, the stronger must be the evidence that it did occur before, on the balance of probability, its occurrence will be established.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Ungoed-Thoms J. expressed this neatly in re Dellow\rquote s Will Trusts [1964] 1 W.L.R. 451, 455: \lquote The more serious the allegation the more cogent is the evidence required to overcome the unlikelihood of what is alleged and thus to prove it\rquote \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 This approach also provides a means by which the balance of probability standard can accommodate one\rquote s instinctive feeling that even in civil proceedings a court should be more sure before finding serious allegations proved than when deciding less serious or trivial matters.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls11\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Findings \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 I have set out hereabove in considerable detail the helpful submissions made by both counsel. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 I must say at this juncture that bulk of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 arguments}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 which have been so well and comprehensively put forward by Mr. Patel are }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 accepted by me}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 in preference to those of Mr. Haniff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Hence there is no need for one to repeat what}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Mr. Patel said but to summarize their comment on them and make some findings on the issues. \par \par The learned counsel for the defendant, Mr. Haniff did put up a good fight in support of his client\rquote s case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 However, on the affidavit evidence produced he was having an uphill battle. \par \par From the affidavit evidence before me I find that the defendant has not discharged the burden of proof that lies upon it. \par \par The main issue in this case is whether the exclusion clause 5.1(b) of the Policy applies or not. \par \par None of the occurrences, or any one of them, namely, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 mutiny,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 revolution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 rebellion}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 or }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 insurrection }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 or}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 usurped power}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 occurred in this case to enable the defendant to escape liability under the Policy. \par \par There was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 no mutiny}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 R v Grant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 [1957] 2 All E.R. 694 at 696 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Lord Goddard}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 referred to the definition of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 mutiny}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94 in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Manual of Military Law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 th}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Ed) which is as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93\'85 \lquote mutiny\rquote implies collective subordination or combination of two or more persons to resist or to induce others }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 to resist military authority}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 .\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par Further in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Pillay v General Insurance Co}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 [1985] LRC (Comm) 162 at 165 the Supreme Court of Seychelles adopted the defi nition of \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 mutiny}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94 in the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Shorter Oxford Dictionary}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , namely; \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93 means open revolt against constituted authority; revolt of soldiers or sailors against their officers.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 To rise in revolt against; } {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 to refuse submission to the lawful command of a superior, especially in the military and naval service}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There is no evidence here of refusal to obey command; indeed there is no evidence that a command was issued. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par On \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 revolution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94, in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Chandrika Prasad v AG, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 FCA Civil Appeal No. 78 of 2000, the Fiji Court of Appeal said this of a \'93revolution\'94 (decision March 2001): \par \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 We consider that there was a purported overthrow of the Constitution and its replacement by the establishment, first of military rule and, secondly, of the Interim Civil Government Whether what happened can be characterised as a \'93revolution\'94 or not is probably a matter of choice of words.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 We are attracted to the definition of \'93revolution\'94 in Brookfield (op. Cit.) at 13 (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 F.M. Brookfield\rquote s Waitangi & Indigenous Rights Revolution, Law and Limitation}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (1}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214 999, Auckland University Press):}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93 For the purposes of a constitutional theorist (though one with practical concerns as well), a revolution may be widely defined as the overthrow and replacement of any kind of legal order, or other constitutional change to it \endash whe ther or not brought about by violence (internally or externally directed) \endash which takes place contrary to any limitation or rule of change belonging to that legal order.\'94}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 In }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Chandrika Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (supra) the Court went on to say:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93 Not all revolutions are successful.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 We find that this one was not, for the reasons to be discussed later.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Nor are all revolutions on the grand scale of the French Revolution or the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Nor are all revolutions \'93glorious\'94, in the sense of ending the reign of a tyrant or replacing a repressive regime.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Nor do all revolutions involve bloodshed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 In this case, there was a purported change in the legal order when the Commander decided to abrogate rather than suspend the Constitution on 29 May; he reinforced this c hange when, he later chose to install the Interim Civilian Government which has purported to govern ever since\'85 \'85\'94}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par From these statements it can be seen that there was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 no revolution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 on }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 19 May 2000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There is no evidence that Speight and his group had replaced or attempted to replace the Constitution on 19 May 2000. \par \par On \'94}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 rebellion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94 and \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 insurrection}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94, in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 National Oil Co of Zimbabwe v. Sturge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 [1991] 2 Lloyds Rep. 281 at 282 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Saville J}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214 said}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93Rebellion\'94 and \'93insurrection\'94 have somewhat similar meanings to each other.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 To my mind, each means that }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 organized and violent internal uprising in a country}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 with, as a main purpose, the object of trying to overthrow or supplant the government of that country though \'93insurrection\'94 denotes a lesser degree of organization and size than \'93rebellion\'94. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par Also, in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Lindsay and Pirie v General Accident, Fire and Life Assurance Corp. Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 [1914] SAR 574 the South African Court of Appeal held that insurrection meant a rising of the people in open resistance against established authority with the object of supplanting it. \par \par On \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 military}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94 or \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 usurped}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 power}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94, in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Curtis & Sons v. Mathews}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (1919) 1 K.B. 425, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Bankes L.J. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 observed (p. 439) that: \par \par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93 Usurped power seems to me to mean something more than the action of an unorganised rabble.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 How much more I am not prepared to define.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There must probably be action by some more or less organised body with more or less authoritative leaders.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par As stated in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Spinney\rquote s case }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Spiney\rquote s (1948) Ltd v Royal Insurance Co. Ltd (1980)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 1 Lloyd\rquote s Report 406 at p.439] to constitute \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 usurped power}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \rquote it }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93was the arrogation to itself by a group of the proper law-making and law-enforcing functions of the State \'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 No such situation existed in this case.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 I agree with Mr. Patel that the critical time for determination of the question is the time of rioting and looting of the plaintiff\rquote s shop, i.e. at 1.30 pm on 19 May 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 At that time the only event that occurred was the takeover of Parliament and holding the Prime Minister and certain Parliamentarians hostage.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Speight and his supporters had not at that time or any time \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 arrogated to themselves}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'94 the function of the State referred to above to have \'93usurped power\'94. \par \par As submitted by Mr. Patel, for the plaintiff }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 causation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 in fact must be decided in the light of all the circumstances an d probabilities of the particular case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Causation in contract is analogous to that in tort (}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Chappell v Hart}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 [1998] 156 ALR 517 at 533 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Gummow J}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 ). \par \par As to proof of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 sufficient causal connection}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 the following quotation from the judgment of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Mustill J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Spinney\rquote s [1948] Ltd v Royal Insurance Co}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (supra) (where there was a reverse burden of proof) I consider pertinent to cite in considering the issues before me: \par \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93 I now turn to the question whether there was a sufficient casual connection between the operation of the excepted perils and the losses which I have described.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The type of connection required is defined by the causation clause, and the mode of proof by the reverse burden clause.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 It is important to note in this context the decisions in the two High Court cases, already referred to hereabove.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 They are }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Yatulau Company Ltd and Sun Insurance Company Ltd}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (Civil Action No. HBC0380 of 2000 - 2 July 2001 judgment - }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Byrne J}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 ) and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Suresh Kumar Singh and Sun Insurance Company Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (Civil Action No. HBC 382 of 2000S judgment 24.7.01 \endash Scott J).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The cases relate to events of 19 May 2000. \par \par In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Yatulau Company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Byrne J.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 dealt with the exclusion clause similar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 to the one before me.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There the Court found that the damage caused there was through a \lquote }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 riot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \rquote . \par \par In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Suresh Kumar Singh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 case, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Scott J }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 found that there was no evidence before him \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 that the looting which damaged the plaintiff\rquote s premises was \'93 part of an attempted coup\'94.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 His Lordship agreed with }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Byrne J}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 that the damage was as a result of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 rioting}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 civil commotion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par \par His Lordship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Scott J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (now Judge of Appeal) summed up the position very well and I adopt it here.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 He said: \par \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'93 In particular, there is nothing to show that the looting was planned or orchestrated by Speight or any of his lieutenants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 While doubtless some of the looters may have sympathised with Speight the looitng was directed not at the organs of the State such as government offices or agencies but was directed at private businesses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The main object of the looting as was obvious from the television footage was to ste al as much as possible as quickly as possible whether what was stolen was gold watches or frozen chickens.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }\pard \s22\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 On the affidavit evidence before me and on the authorities I find that there was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 no causal connection}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 between the action of Speight and his group and the loss suffered by the plaintiff. \par \par I hold that this was a clear cut case of \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 riot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \rquote as held in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Yatulau}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (supra).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Byrne J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , referred to the case of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Field and Others v The Receiver of Metropolitian Police}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (1907) 2 K.B. 853 at 860 where the Court of Appeal held that in order to constitute a riot five elements are necessary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 They are: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \'931.\tab number of persons three at least; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 2.\tab common purpose; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls24\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart3\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 execution or inception of the common purpose; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls24\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart3\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 an intent to help one another, by force if necessary against any}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 person who may oppose them in the execution of the common}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 purpose; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls24\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart3\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 force or violence, not merely used in demolishing but displayed}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 in such a manner as to alarm at least one person of reasonable firmness and courage\'94. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 I find that the proximate cause of the loss to the plaintiff\rquote s shop was the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 riot and looting}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and not the event in Parliament.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 There is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 no causal connection}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 between those who rioted and looted the plaintiff\rquote s shop and Speight and his supporters to make them part of the event which occurred in Parliament or to be }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 indirectly}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 connected to the events in Parliament.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 It is abundantly clear and I so find that there were }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 three separate groups}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , viz. Speight group, the marchers and the rioters and looters.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 As put by Mr. Patel and I agree that the mere c oincidence in point of time is insufficient to characterize the events at the plaintiff\rquote s shop as having a similar character as those at the Parliament. \par \par A letter dated 2 October 2001 from the Assistant Commissioner of Police \endash Commercial Crime addressed to Parshotam and Co. Solicitors in regard to \lquote Looting of Tappoo\rquote s Store\rquote on 19 May 2000 strengthens the plaintiff\rquote s case clarifying as to which group was involved in the looting and rioting.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The letter states as follows: \par \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 \i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 We refer to your letter of 26/3/01 and other communications and confirm that following extensive investigations the police are satisfied that the offences including rioting and looting etc that occurred at the Suva shop of Tappoo Ltd on 19/5/00 were not the direct or indirect result of any organised political nature of flowing from the events in Parliament on that day. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The police are satisfied that the motives behind the }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 looters were for their own personal gain}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 rather then any political cause.}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Some looters have been charged and convicted. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 F.\tab CONCLUSION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par The defendant relies entirely on whether the damage suffered by the plaintiff was indirectly caused by anyone of the exclusionary items, namely (i) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 mutiny}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , (ii) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 insurrection}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , (iii) }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 rebellion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and (iv) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 usurped power}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par \par Having found as already stated hereabove and particularly having found that the damage suffered by the plaintiff was as a result of riot and looting, the exclusion clause does not apply. \par \par This interpretation of the exclusion clause in the Policy is based on facts and law and also on the authorities referred to hereabove. \par \par Having found as fact as I have done, no question of considering the matter of \lquote terrorism\rquote , of which both counsel spoke, arises.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The finding that it was riot which led to the damage caused to plaintiff, answers the issues for determination by the Court as stated already earlier in this judgment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par In the outcome, for the above reasons and on the interpretation of the exclusion clause }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 5.1(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of the printed conditions in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Policy 325}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and exclusion clauses in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Policies 326}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 332}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 arrived at by consideration of all the affidavit evidence as presented to this Court and on the authorities, the defendant is }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 liable to indemnify }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 the plaintiff for the loss caused by }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 malicious}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 act}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 , }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 theft}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 and }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 fire}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 which arose out of a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 riot}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 in the City of Suva on 19 May 2000. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par As per }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 GAB Robins New Zealand Ltd Report}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 dated 17 March 2003 being annexure PF1 to Peter Fimone\rquote s affidavit sworn on 20 March 2003 the net loss is stated as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 $2,245,203.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (it }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 should be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 $2,445,203.00}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 as there is an addition error).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 This amount the defendant has }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 admitted}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 . \par \par The Report states: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Our calculation of the loss is as follows.}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Please note that our figures are inclusive of VAT where we consider insurers are required to pay VAT in settlement of the claim. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Building Claim\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab $546,107 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Contents Claim\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab $250,000 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Special Limits Under Material Damage \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 For Claim Preparation\tab \tab \tab $ 10,000 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Stock Claim\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab $750,000 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Business Interruption\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab $}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 -}{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 889,596}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Total\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214 \tab }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 $2,445,703 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Less Deductible Under Material Damage Policy}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214 \tab }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 $}{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 500}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Total Net\tab \tab \tab \tab }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729214 \tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 $}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 2,245,203}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The \'93final\'94 assessment report of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Peter Faite Loss Management Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 is that the loss is in excess of $3.4 million. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par However, since the defendant has admitted $2,445,203.00, the plaintiff is entitled to judgment for that amount. \par \par The plaintiff is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 entitled to interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 pursuant to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 section 34}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Insurance Law Reform Act 1996}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 from a date when it was unreasonable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 for the insurer to withhold payment, and such interest is payable to the date of payment of the judgment sum. \par \par The said section provides: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 34. \endash (1) Where an insurer is liable to pay to a person an amount under a contract of insurance or under this Act in relation to a contract of insurance, the insurer is also liable to pay interest on the amount to that person in accordance with this Section. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (2) The period in respect of which interest is payable is the period commencing on the day as from which it was unreasonable for the insurer to have withheld payment of the amount and ending on whichever is earlier of the following days: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (a)\tab the day on which the payment is made;}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \fi-660\li2160\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (b) \tab the day on which the payment is sent by post to the person to whom it is payable. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 (3)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 The rate at which interest is payable in respect of a day included in the period referred to in sub-section (2) is the rate that is prescribed by regulation.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Regulation 2(1)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Insurance Law Reform (Interest Rates) Regulations 2004 (Legal Notice No. 1 of 2004}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 29 December 2003}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 ) the rate of interest is stated.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 It provides: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \tab 2. \endash (1) For the purpose of section 34 (2) of the Insurance Law Reform Act 1996, the interest rate payable in respect of each day included in a period referred to in that section is }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 10% per annum}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777\charrsid1729214 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 This action relates to the year 2003 and the above regulation came into force in 2004.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 In the absence of prescribed interest in 2003 the plaintiff has asked for }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 9.25 % per annum interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 which I allow. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1729214 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid1729214 G.\tab ORDERS \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 It is ordered}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 that the defendant pay to the plaintiff the admitted sum of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 $2,445,203.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 with interest thereon at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 9.25%}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 19 September 2000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 to the date of payment }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 And}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 i}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 t is further ordered}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 that the defendant pay to the plaintiff }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 costs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 which is to be taxed unless agreed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Judgment is therefore entered for the plaintiff accordingly.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 \par \par I shall now hear counsel to set a date for hearing to determine the balance of quantum claimed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219777 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9321304 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 D. Pathik}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid16219777 Judge}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219777 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9321304\charrsid9321304 \par 19 May 2004 \par }}