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{\creatim\yr2006\mo2\dy10\hr11\min14}{\revtim\yr2006\mo2\dy10\hr11\min14}{\printim\yr2004\mo4\dy13\hr15\min4}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages9}{\nofwords2817}{\nofchars16057}{\*\company Judicial Department}{\nofcharsws18837}{\vern16391}} \margl2160\margr2160 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0 \jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot9796826 \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs20\insrsid6959990 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6959990 9}}}{\cs20\insrsid6959990 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid6959990 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LABASA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 CIVIL ACTION NO. 98 OF 1995 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Between: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 HARPREET KAUR aka PRATAP KAUR \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 d/o Ami Chand \par Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 AZARD KAUR \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 d/o Ami Chand \par Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid9796826 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Mr. H. Robinson for the Plaintiff \par Mr. M. Sadiq for the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid9796826 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 JUDGMENT}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 On 20 February 1995 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Harpreet Kaur }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 also known as }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Pratap Kaur}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 daughter of Ami Chand of Nasea, Labasa (the \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 ) issued a writ of summons through her then solicitors against her sister }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Azard Kaur}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 d/o Ami Chand of Nasea, Labasa, School Teacher disputing the \lquote validity of the alleged Will\rquote of her deceased father dated }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 6 June 1990}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Her father died at Labasa on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 22 July 1990}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 Background facts \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par Some of the background facts are as follows as stated in the Statement of claim. \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 That AMI CHAND }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 son of Wazira Ram also known as Wajira Ram Late of Nasea, Labasa, Retired died at Labasa Hospital on 22 July, 1990. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 That}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 he left behind him surviving his widow Raj Kaur daughter of Gopi Singh and two daughters namely Azard Kaur and Harpreet Kaur also known as Pratap Kaur. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 That}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 the Defendant is the lawful daughter of the deceased and also one of the persons entitled to a share in the deceased\rquote s estate. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 That}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 the Defendant is also the sole executrix and trustee in the estate of the deceased by virtue of Probate Number 26023 granted by the High Court of Fiji on the 17}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 th}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 day of December, 1990 on the basis of an alleged Last Will and Testament dated the 6}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 th}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 day of June, 1990. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 Grounds of dispute \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The grounds on which the said Will is disputed are as stated below (as in the Statement of Claim). \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 That}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 the alleged Last Will and Testament is not a valid will in that firstly the deceased did not know and approve of its contents and secondly that at the time of the execution of the will the testator was not of sound mind, memory and understanding. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 That}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 the nature of the case on which the Plaintiff intends to rely on is as follows:- \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 That the will is in variance with the known affections of the testator and his previous verbal declaration that his property was for his widow and two daughters equally. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 That the deceased at the time of the execution of the alleged will dated the 6}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 th}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 day of June, 1990 was 84 years old and sickly.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 He could not get up and walk without assistance or eat by himself and could barely talk and whatever he said was difficult to comprehend and at times incomprehensible. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 \i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 His memory was so defective and untrustworthy that he could not recall recent events.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 He was at the time of the execution of the alleged will in such a condition of mind and memory as to be u nable to understand the nature of the act and its affects, the extent of the property which he was disposing or to comprehend and appreciate the claims to which he ought to give effect. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 The Will \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The contents of the Will are as follows: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 THIS IS THE LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT}{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 of me }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 AMI CHAND}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 son of Wazira Ram of Nasea, Labasa, Fiji, Retired. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb1\pnul\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 I HEREBY REVOKE}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 all former Wills and other Testamentary dispositions heretofore made by me and }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 DECLARE}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 this to be my last and only will and testament. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb1\pnul\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 I APPOINT}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 my daughter }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 AZARD KUAR}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 of Nasea, Labasa, School Teacher to be the sole Executrix and Trustee (hereinafter called my \'93Trustee\'94 ) of this my last will and testament. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb1\pnul\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 SUBJECT}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 to the payment of all my just debts funeral and testamentary expenses }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 I DEVISE AND BEQUEATH}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 all my property real and personal of whatsoever nature and wheresoever situate or to which I may be entitled or over which I may have a disposing power at the time of my death }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 UNTO}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 my said daughter }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 AZARD KAUR}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 absolutely for her own use and benefit. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb1\pnul\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 I DIRECT}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 my said trustee to look after, maintain and support my wife }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 RAJ KAUR}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 daughter of Gopi Singh and also allow her to live in my house free of rent. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb1\pnul\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 I FURTHER DIRECT}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 my said trustee to marry my daughter }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 PRATAP KAUR}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 IN WITNESS}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 6}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 th}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 day of June, One Thousand Nine Hundred and Ninety (1990). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 SIGNED}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 by the said }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 AMI CHAND}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 for his last\tab ) \par Will and testament by affixing his left thumb mark\tab ) \par in the presence of us both being present at the same\tab ) \par time who at his request in his presence and sight \tab )}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Left thumb mark \par and in the presence and sight of each other have \tab )}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 of AMI CHAND \par hereunto subscribed our names as attesting \tab \tab ) \par witnesses after the contents hereof had first been\tab ) \par read over, explained and interpreted to him in the \tab ) \par Hindustani language and he appeared fully to \tab ) \par understand the meaning and effect thereof.\tab \tab ) }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid937633 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 (Sgd) K.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Prasad\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 (Sgd)}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 K. Kumari \par Solicitor\rquote s Clerk, Labasa\tab \tab \tab }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Solicitor\rquote s Clerk Labasa.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 Evidence at the hearing}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid937633 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 At the hearing of this action the plaintiff gave evidence followed by evidence of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Mr. Ami Chand Kohli}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 , a solicitor. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 At the close of the plaintiff \rquote s case, the defendant testified.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 She called }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Krishna Kumari}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 d/o Bissesar, formerly a clerk to Mr. Sadiq and now Clerk to Kohli & Singh to testify on her behalf. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 Plaintiff\rquote s evidence \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par The plaintiff was 44 years old at the time of the hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The defendant who is her sister is ten years older than her. \par \par They both lived with their parents.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The defendant went to Nasinu Training College, Nasinu, Suva to become a teacher while the plaintiff attended St. Mary\rquote s Primary School, Labasa.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 She said that she was quite attached to her parents and her father gave her all that she needed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 There were only two of them in the family.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The defendant had married when the plaintiff who was 14 years old then was in Form IV at school.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The defendant was teaching. \par \par She testified that after 13 April 1990 her father at the age of 83 years became sick.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 She was 32 years old then and was not working and stayed home.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Both her mother and plaintiff looked after the father.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 He had to be fed and had to be \lquote held\rquote when he wanted to walk.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 He became \lquote childish\rquote and among other things \lquote threw food\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 After 3 or 4 weeks he was taken to hospital.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Her mother brought him from hospital after a week. \par \par The father told the plaintiff that the house will remain in the family and that with the $30,000.00 he has in the Bank he will take her to India and spend part of it on her education.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 She said that her father looked after both her and her sister. \par \par Father was taken to hospital after 3 or 4 weeks as his condition was getting worse. \par \par The plaintiff said that she did not know that a Will was made until she was given notice to vacate the house by the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The notice is dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 25 August 1994}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 (exhibit P2). \par \par She said that it was in January 1991 that she got married to an ex prisoner at 9 miles, Nasinu at Sikh Temple, Labasa.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 It was arranged by her sister\rquote s husband.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Marriage lasted about 2\'bd months and she obtained divorce for non-consummation of marriage and she returned to the mother at the family house. \par \par She was shocked to receive the letter to vacate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The sum of $10,000.00 was given to her from the father\rquote s $30,000.00 in the Bank.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The plaintiff said that she paid $300.00 to her then counsel for the divorce cas e and the balance $7000 she returned to defendant as the latter said that she had spent that much on plaintiff\rquote s marriage. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The plaintiff said that her father would not have made that Will.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 She wants her share of the property. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Mr. Kohli\rquote s evidence (plaintiff\rquote s witness) \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 In gist Mr. Kohli\rquote s evidence is that he had known the deceased since 1966.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 He knew the family very well and paid visits to their home.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Ami Chand was also a regular visitor to his office.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The deceased used to seek his advice in making a Will.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 At one time the deceased said that he would like to see that his wife and two children had equal shares so that they do not realize that he did not care for them. \par \par He was brought to his office in May 1990 by his daughter and his son-in-law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Mr. Kohli gave a detailed account of what took place on that day. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Mr. Kohli\rquote s mother also worked in the office that time and the deceased\rquote s family and the deceased got on very well with her.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Mr. Kohli\rquote s mother told Mr. Kohli that these people have come to make a Will. \par \par Mr. Kohli said that the deceased was \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 very frail and could hardly see and recollect \'85\'85 he did not recognize me \'85 he did not respond to the greeting\'85 he did not say why he wanted to see me.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Son-in-law said Ami Chand has come here to have a Will made}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 .\'94 \par \par After some discussion Dr. Jaspal Singh (now deceased) was called and after examining him he said that \lquote }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 he doesn\rquote t understand anything, he cannot make \par a Will}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 This confirmed what Mr. Kohli thought.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 He refused to make a Will and told them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Mr. Kohli once visited him after he was discharged from hospital but he did not speak to him. \par \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 Defendant\rquote s evidence \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par The defendant said that it was on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 6 June 1990}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 that she brought her father from hospital after his discharge from there.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The plaintiff was also home that day. \par \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The defendant said that that day her father said that he wanted to make a Will and asked to be taken to a lawyer\rquote s office.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 She took her to Mr. Sadiq\rquote s office.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Mr. Sadiq\rquote s clerk Mr. Kalika Prasad and Mrs. Krishna Kumari, the typist were in the office.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The deceased told Kalika that he wanted to make a Will and so Kalika took him inside his office while the defendant waited outside.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 After a while the deceased came out with a \lquote brown envelope in his hand\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 She took him home and later after his death she took out Probate of his Will. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par The defendant said that apart from the expenses she incurred towards the plaintiff\rquote s marriage including buying jewellery etc she gave her sister \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 $10,000.00 not to be refunded to me \endash complete gift to her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633 \'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par \par The defendant said that after her father\rquote s discharge from hospital \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 he was well, he fed himself, wore clothes, going to toilet did himself}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \'94. \par \par She said that the land is in her name as in 1994 it was given to her after the old lease had expired.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The defendant said that she paid \'93}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 $2000 and paid rates and rent $500, I\rquote ve been paying all that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \'94. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Evidence of Krishna Kumari }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 (defendant\rquote s witness)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The witness Krishna Kumari was at the time when the Will was made}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 typist/clerk to Mr. Sadiq but is now with Mr. A. Kohli. \par \par She said that Kalika Prasad was also there and he asked Ami Chand (the deceased) \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 yes boss, anything I can help?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 He then gave instruction for a Will for him. \par \par She typed the Will according to the instructions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The Will was read by Kalika to Ami Chand in her presence and he u nderstood same and affixed his left thumb mark to it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Then the two of them witnessed the execution of the Will.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The copy Will that was prepared has been tendered as an exhibit (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 exhibit D2}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 ) and attached to the copy Probate. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 Issues for Court\rquote s determination \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par There are three issues for Court\rquote s determination, namely: \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Is the Will dated 6 June 1990 a valid will? \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Did the testator }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Ami Chand}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 know and approve of the contents of the Will? and \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Was the testator at the time of execution of the Will of sound mind and understanding? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 Consideration of the issues \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 I have stated hereabove in considerable detail the facts of the case and the circumstances under which the deceased\rquote s Will was made and executed. \par \par As already stated Probate of the Will was granted by the High Court of Fiji on 17 December 1990 and it was not until }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 20 February 1995}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 that the plaintiff instituted this action. \par \par The reason the plaintiff gave for not instituting the proceedings earlier was that it was not until the Notice dated 23 August 1994 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 exhibit P2}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 ) was served on her did she know what had actually happened as far as her alleged rights in the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 estate was concerned. \par \par I shall deal with }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 issue No. (c)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 first, followed by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 issue No. (a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 and then }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 issue No. (b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 . \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 As for third issue (No. \lquote c\rquote )}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 namely, }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 whether the deceased at the time of execution of the Will was of sound mind and understanding!}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 I can only go by the evidence adduced before me. \par \par No doubt the deceased was very old when he executed the Will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 At one time in May 1990 he was quite sick and was in Hospital.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 He came home after his discharge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The witness Mr. Kohli outlined to Court in considerable detail how the deceased came to his office to make a Will but for the reasons stated hereabove no Will was made then. \par \par Between the time of his discharge and when he made his said Will on 6 June 1990 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 there is no evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 whatsoever of his condition particularly the state of his health except that he went to Mr. Sadiq\rquote s office }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 unaided}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 to make the Will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 According to witness }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Krishna Kumari}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 the Will was prepared on his instructions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The Will was read to him by clerk }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Kalika Prasad }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 in her presence and he understood its contents.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 He executed the Will by putting his left thumb mark and witnessed by both Kalika Prasad and Krishna Kumari. \par \par After analyzing the evidence of the plaintiff and her witness Mr. Kohli and the evidence of the defendant and the two witnesses to the Will, I am convinced that the deceased was capable of making a Will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 I have no reason to doubt Krishna Kumari\rquote s evidence. \par \par I am satisfied that a proper procedure was followed before and at the time of the execution of the Will. \par \par I shall now deal with the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 first issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 , }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 (No. \lquote a \rquote )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 namely, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 is the Will dated 6 June 1990 a valid one? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Having found on the third issue that the deceased (testator) was capable of making the Will and there being no contrary evidence that he was not of sound mind or did not understand the contents of the document he was signing as explained to him by Kalika Prasad in the presence of Krishna Kumari, I have no hesitation in holding that it w as his Will. \par \par There was full compliance by Mr. Sadiq\rquote s office of the provisions of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 s.6 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 of}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Will Act Cap. 9}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 which provides: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid937633 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 6.\tab Subject to the provisions of Part V, a will is not valid unless it is in writing and executed in the following manner:- \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \fi-687\li2127\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin720\lin2127\itap0\pararsid937633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 it is signed by the testator or by some person in his presence and by his direction in such place on the document as to be apparent on the face of the will that the testator intended}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 by such signature to give effect to the writing as his will; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-687\li2127\ri720\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin720\lin2127\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 such signature is made or acknowledged by the testator in the presence of at least two witnesses present at the same time; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \fi-687\li2127\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2127\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 (c)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633 \tab }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 the witnesses attest and subscribe the will in the}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 presence of the testator, but no form of attestation is}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 necessary. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 I shall now consider }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 second issue (No. \lquote b\rquote ),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 namely, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 whether the deceased knew and approved of the contents of the Will?}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par \par When dealing with issue No. (c), I have already covered this aspect.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 On the evidence before me of Krishna Kumari which I accept the answer is in the affirmative and I have no doubt whatsoever in this regard. \par \par I agree with Mr. Sadiq\rquote s submission that at the time of the execution of the Will, apart from the testator, Kalika Prasad and Krishna Kumari there was no one else present, hence no question of \lquote undue pressure\rquote being imposed arose.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The testator was given a copy of the Will and if he was not satisfied with anything in it or on anything else he could have had it read out to him by anyone at all at any time. \par \par I am sure the plaintiff and her mother would have known where the testator had been when he was absent from home at the time when he went to Mr. Sadiq\rquote s office.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The plaintiff is completely silent on this aspect except to say that she knew nothing about the Will until a long time afterwards in August 1994 when she was asked by the defendant to vacate the house.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 This I find hard to accept. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 Conclusion \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par To conclude, on the evidence before me, it is clear that on the day he made the Will the testator knew what he was doing, for in the absence of any evidence to the contrary I find that the plaintiff was of sound mind and understanding; \lquote }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 now sanity must be presumed till the contrary is shown}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \rquote (}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Burrows, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 infra).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 One of the two witnesses to the Will testified that the testator understood the contents of the Will after it was read out to him by Kalika Prasad.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 She considered him to be fully capable of making and executing the Will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Kalika Prasad no longer lives in Labasa. \par \par It was held in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Burrows v Burrows}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 1827 1 Hagg. ECC 524 as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Instructions for a will cont aining the fixed and final intentions of the deceased are valid if the formal execution is prevented by death: and, }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 if there is no evidence of insanity at the time of giving the instructions}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 , the commission of suicide, three days afterwards, will not inval idate the paper by raising an inference of previous derangement. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par In this case the fact that, as according to Mr. Kohli\rquote s evidence, after the doctor had seen the testator, the deceased was not in a proper state of mind at that time does not mean that he could not have been normal by the time he made this Will.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 There is no evidence of a medical nature closer to the time when he made the Will in regard to the state of his mind or his understanding of what he was intending to do}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The deceased made provision in the Will for the plaintiff.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Subsequently, after obtaining Probate the defendant administered the estate according to the Will and the plaintiff accepted the sum of money that was given to her from the Estate and never questioned the defendant in regard t o this or in relation to her share in the Estate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Would she have kept quiet for so long?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Did it not dawn on her to inquire as to who are the beneficiaries in the Estate?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 It is hard to believe that she left this matter for over four and a half years before issuing the writ of summons herein.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 The plaintiff is well educated having been to the University of the South Pacific for a short while and having been a school teacher temporarily herself like}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633 the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par The defendant has put forward the document (the Will) as being the true and last Will of the deceased as it was her duty to do so, has established that the testator knew and approved of its contents at the time when he executed it. \par \par Although the plaintiff disputes the Will on the grounds stated earlier in this judgment, she has not produced any evidence as to the state of the testator\rquote s health or the state of his mind at the time of the execution of the Will.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Mr. Kohli\rquote s evidence is not strong enough nor proximate enough to the time of the execution.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 His evidence does not assist the plaintiff to prove her case. \par \par I do not see any suspicious circumstances which excite the vigilance and suspicion of the court to require a very high degree of proof to dispel the belief that the testator did not have the tes tamentary capacity, was of unsound mind or did not understand what he was doing when he instructed Mr. Sadiq\rquote s office to prepare his Will so that he can execute it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 As a general rule, in the absence of suspicious circumstances the fact that a Will has been ready, or read over to, the testator affords a strong presumption that he understood and approved the content (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Guardhouse v Blackburn}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 L.R 1 P & D/109, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Cleare v Cleare }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 L.R. 1 P & D 655) but it has been that there is no inflexible rule on this aspect (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Tyrrell v Painton}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 (1896) P 151). \par \par In the outcome, the plaintiff\rquote s claim is dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 In the circumstances of this case I make no order as to costs.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796826 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937633 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 D. Pathik \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 Judge}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid9796826 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796826 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633 At Labasa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937633\charrsid937633 \par 27 April 2004 \par }}