{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f37\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502050508020304}CG Omega{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f169\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f170\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f172\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f173\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f174\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f175\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f176\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f177\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f539\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Omega CE{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f543\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Omega Tur{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f546\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Omega Baltic{\*\falt Century Gothic};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;
\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{
\s1\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 1;}{\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f37\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 2;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 header;}{\*\cs16 \additive \sbasedon10 page number;}{\s17\qj \li720\ri720\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0 \i\f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 Block Text;}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid1321962\rsid10633902\rsid10687920\rsid12144096}
{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6764;}{\info{\title HAC 24}{\author user}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2006\mo2\dy3\hr10\min15}{\revtim\yr2006\mo2\dy3\hr10\min15}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages2}{\nofwords700}{\nofchars3996}{\*\company  }
{\nofcharsws4687}{\vern16391}}\margr1440\margb720 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0
\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot12144096 \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs16\insrsid10633902 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {
\cs16\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10633902 2}}}{\cs16\insrsid10633902 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid10633902 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10687920 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12144096 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10687920 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920 HAC00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 24.2003}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12144096 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10687920 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 STATE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12144096 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10687920 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920 V}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12144096 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10687920 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 MELI TIKOISUVA & PAULIASI IMANUELI
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12144096 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10687920 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920 RULING NO.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10633902  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920 1 IN THE TRIAL}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12144096 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10687920 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 
At a stage in the proceedings where Mr. Koroi was called by the State it became clear during firstly examination in chief that Mr. Koroi was not coming up to brief.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 Rather than challenge him on that matter State\rquote s counsel quite properly in my view let the matter rest and Koroi was passed over for cross-examination by Mr. O\rquote Driscoll.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 Mr. O\rquote Driscoll had only 3 questions for the witness.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 
That last of which related to whether or not Mr. Koroi who was part of the drinking group was asked whether if during the course of the stand off between these accused and the deceased Mr. Koroi saw any punches thrown.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920\charrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 His reply was to the effect and I quote \'93
at no time did I see the Indian man get punched only holding off his collar\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12144096 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 
\par That statement is in sharp contra distinction to a police statement that the witness made on the 24th of August 2003 a day after these events occurred.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 In that statement at page 3 the witness said:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10687920 \i\f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 \'93
After that I saw Pauliasi Matai holding the Indian man\rquote s collar of his shirt with his left hand and punch his chin with his right fist three times.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 I saw Tikoisuva also throwing punches on to the Indian man.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12144096 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 
\par The witness was passed from cross-examination to re-examination and counsel from the State embarked on a cause designed to contradict his own witness with his in consistent statement made to the police.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 I find he was entitled to generally take that course as the issue had been raised in cross-examination by his learned friend Mr. O
\rquote Driscoll.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 
However, I paused him the midst of that attempt and asked the assessors to retire so that the issue could be considered.
\par 
\par There are two relevant decisions and one matter of principle that have resolved the issue in my mind.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 The relevant decision }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 The Queen v Moore}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 
 [1994] Criminal Law Reports 841 where the Criminal Court of Appeal in England said that in many cases where witnesses have failed to deliver some evidence it is undesirable for the court to proceed immediately or treat the witness as hostile.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 A better approach is to invite the witness to refresh his memory from the proof.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 Then, if the witness does not allow his memory to be refreshed or does not give an explanation as to
 why his oral evidence is different from his proof the court then can consider whether or not to treat the witness as hostile.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 Moore}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096  is a case involving applications made during evidence in chief.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 However, I am prepared to accept that the procedure is ava
ilable during re-examination and I do that based on an extension of the principle used in cases involving allegations of recent fabrication.
\par 
\par In cross-examination where an allegation of recent fabrication is made the witnesses previous consistent statement will be admissible in re-examination to rebut the allegation that the witnesses only recently made his evidence up.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 
I reason that if a previous consistent statement can be admissible in re-examination then, provided the correct procedure is followed, there appears to be no reason why a previous in consistent statement cannot be raised in re-examination.
\par 
\par Accordingly what I propose is that outside of the hearing of the assessors we now proceed to what is effectively a hostility hearing I will decide that issue.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 If I rule that the witness is only unfavourable not hostile there is nothing much the State can do.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 However, if I rule that the witness is hostile the State can do a little more by undermining the witness\rquote s credibility in two essential ways.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 First, State\rquote s Counsel will have leave to ask leading questions in cross examining the witness.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 Secondly, based generally on the procedures detailed in the old UK Criminal Procedure Act 1865}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 I will permit the State to prove the earlier inconsistent statement and th
e State will then be permitted to call an additional witness to introduce that previous inconsistent statement as evidence in these proceedings.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 That is what I propose to do.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 
However, I need to go further and say that where a witness admits making a statement but continues to give evidence that is inconsistent with that statement I must direct the assessors to try the case on the witness\rquote 
s oral testimony and tell them that they cannot rely on the witnesses earlier statement as fact.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 This point was made in }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 The Queen and Nelso}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 
n [1992] Criminal Law Report 653 and I intend following the direction to the jury used there that the testimony at trial is the only evidence in which the jury may act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10687920  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 Previous witness statements help only in assessing the reliability of the oral evidence in court and that is all.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10687920 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid12144096 Gerard Winter
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12144096 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1321962\charrsid10687920 
\par 25th November, 2004
\par }}