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{\author High Court }{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2006\mo2\dy3\hr9\min59}{\revtim\yr2006\mo2\dy3\hr9\min59}{\printim\yr2004\mo6\dy9\hr14\min48}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords2716}{\nofchars15485}{\*\company Judicial Department}
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976\charrsid12193436 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436\charrsid12193436 CRIMINAL JURISDICTION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976\charrsid12193436 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13174976 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12193436 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976\charrsid13174976 Cr. Action}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976\charrsid13174976 HAC0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976 0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976\charrsid13174976 20.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976 20}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976\charrsid13174976 03S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13174976 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976 
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12193436 {\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436\charrsid12193436 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12193436 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid12193436 v}{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12193436 {\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436\charrsid12193436 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12193436 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid12193436 Ratu Luke Gavidi
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14962167 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid13174976 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976 Fiji High Court, Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid13174976 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13174976 9 June 2004}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid13174976 
\par Gates J
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13174976 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid13174976 SUMMING UP
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13174976 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14962167 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Mr David Toganivalu for the State
\par The Accused in Person
\par 
\par All 3 Assessors present
\par 
\par [1]\tab Ladies and Gentleman Assessors,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 it is now my duty to sum up the case to you.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 We have differing roles in this trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
I have to give you directions on the law and you must accept those directions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
You are to decide the facts applying those directions and to give me your opinions as to the Accused\rquote s guilt or innocence.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14962167 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 [2]\tab 
In going through the evidence I may express an opinion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
If you do not agree with that opinion, you are free to ignore it and to form another view of that piece of evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 I may omit some 
evidence which you think significant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Nonetheless you may give that evidence such weight as you consider appropriate.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 You are free to form your own opinions.
\par 
\par [3]\tab At the end of this summing up, and after you have given your individual opinions, the final decision on the facts rests with me.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
I am not bound to conform to your opinions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 However in arriving at my judgment I shall place much reliance upon your opinions.
\par 
\par [4]\tab The burden of proof rests throughout the trial upon the State.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 In our system of justice 
there is a presumption of innocence in favour of an Accused which is enshrined in the Constitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
The State brings the charge against the Accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Therefore it is for the State to prove the charge against the Accused.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Each element of the charge must be proved, but not every fact of the story.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 This burden never changes, never shifts to the Accused.
\par 
\par [5]\tab The prosecution must prove its case beyond reasonable doubt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
That means that before you express an opinion that the Accused is guilty of the charge you must be satisfied so that you are sure of his guilt beyond reasonable doubt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 If you consider him innocent of the charge you must give your opinion that he is not guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 If you entertain a reasonable doubt of guilt, you must also give your opinion that the Accused is not guilty.
\par  
\par [6] \tab The Accused elected to remain silent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 In doing so, he chose to exercise one of his rights, that is, not to testify.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 No adverse inference can be drawn from that choice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 In particular, his decision not to give or to call evidence cannot go to prove a case that does not by itself establish the charge on its own evidence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Nor can his silence be taken as an admission of anything.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 The Accused does not have to prove anything, and he is not under any obligation to give evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
\par 
\par [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab His silence cannot for instance corroborate or confirm the evidence of the accomplice Tevita Vakalalabure.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 The Accused\rquote 
s failure to call evidence may mean that there is no evidence other than that called by the prosecution for you to consider in deciding this matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 The record of interview, which the Accused does not challenge, puts forward the Accused\rquote s version of what happened that night.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 You will consider it along with all the evidence in the case. 
\par 
\par [8] \tab You must decide this case from the evidence that has been presented to you.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
It will be your task to discover which witnesses have given honest and accurate evidence and which may not.
\par 
\par [9]\tab After I have completed this summing up, you will be asked to retire to your retiring room to deliberate amongst yourselves so as to arrive at your opinions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Upon your return to court, when you are ready, each one of you will be required to state his or her individual opinions orally on the charge against the Accused, which opinions will be recorded.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Your opinions need not be unanimous.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
You will not be asked for reasons for your opinions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436\charrsid14962167 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 [10]\tab However it will be helpful to you beforehand in arriving at sound and rational opinions if you ask yourselves why you have come to those opinions.
\par 
\par [11]\tab Those opinions must be based solely upon the evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Evidence consists of sworn testimony of the witnesses, what each witness has told the court in the witness box, as well as the exhibits tendered in court, such as the caution interview statement, the charge statement and the report of the fire officer.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 In addition, you will consider the evidence that went in by consent of both parties, listed in the paper headed agreed facts.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Following correct procedure the two sides have agreed certain issues or facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 These are therefore not in dispute in this trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Such agreements properly help to shorten the proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Concentrate on the issues that are disputed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
\par 
\par [12] \tab Neither speculation nor theories of one\rquote s own constitute evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Media coverage, idle talk, or gossip are similarly not
 evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Put out of your mind when considering your opinions, anything you may have read in the newspapers about this matter.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 This case might be considered a coup related case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 In the criminal courts that characteristic is irrelevant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
We are concerned here with a criminal charge of arson, and you are to focus solely upon whether the prosecution have produced sufficient and cogent evidence to prove the charge beyond reasonable doubt, as would be required in any other case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Have regard only to the evidence which you have seen, heard, or examined in this court.
\par 
\par [13]\tab This summing up is not evidence either, nor are counsel\rquote s opening or closing addresses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Naturally we hope all of these are of assistance to you, but they do not constitute evidence.
\par 
\par [14]\tab If a witness is asked a question in cross-examination and agrees with what counsel is suggesting, the witness\rquote  answer is evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 If he or she rejects the suggestion, neither the question nor the answer can become evidence for the proposition put.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14962167 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 [15]\tab In arriv
ing at your opinions, use the common sense you bring to bear in your daily lives, at home and at work.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Observe and assess the witnesses
\rquote  evidence and demeanour together with all of the evidence in the case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 You can accept part of a witness\rquote s testimony and 
reject other parts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
A witness may tell the truth about one matter and lie about another; he or she may be accurate in saying one thing and be wide of the mark about another.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14962167 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 [16]\tab 
If you have formed a moral opinion on the conduct alleged in this case, put that to one side.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Consistent with your oath, you should put away both prejudice and sympathy. Approach your assessment of the evidence dispassionately.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Bring a cool detachment to your task of examining whether the case against the Accused has been proved before you, proved with evidence sufficient for the charge to the extent that I have already indicated.
\par 
\par [17]\tab I turn now to deal with what the prosecution must prove.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
The Accused is charged with one count of arson which is an offence in our Penal Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Ther
e are 5 relevant elements of that offence to be proved.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
They are (1) that there was a building, the Lighthouse Restaurant (2) which was set on fire (3) by an act, which was done wilfully (4) and unlawfully (5) by, or with the active assistance of, the Accused.
\par 
\par [18] \tab On Saturday 10 June 2000 there was a building on Queen Elizabeth Drive, directly opposite Vieuto Primary School, known as the Lighthouse Restaurant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 It was owned and operated by Marjorie Lavaki the first witness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
She had had the restaurant since 1994 and valued it as being worth about $140,000 without its restaurant equipment.
\par 
\par [19] \tab She testified that she ran the restaurant for part of June.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
She had to shut it down because she and her staff were getting abused by the people from Parliament.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 We 
all know that this was the time of the 2000 coup or attempted takeover of Parliament and of the government, by George Speight and his group.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 She said people from that group staying at Parliament used to walk into her restaurant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 and demand and take things without paying.
\par 
\par [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab For the safety of her staff and herself Mrs Lavaki closed down the restaurant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 She switched off all the electrical appliances.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
In addition FEA had turned off the power.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 You may conclude therefore that the cause of the fire on that Sat
urday night, 10 June 2000, was not through an electrical fault.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 There was one broken window in the building she told us.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
\par [21] \tab On that Saturday evening Mrs Lavaki was walking up from the Bowling Club}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 when she saw fire engines going past.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 We know from the fire officer that this was at around 7.30 pm.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Later when she was told of the fire, Mrs Lavaki made frantic telephone calls to find out what had happened.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14962167 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14962167 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 [22] \tab 
In court, Mrs Lavaki was clearly very upset at what had happened to her business endeavour.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 She
 said she was struggling even now to re-establish the business.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
She had been insured but still needed a loan to cover all of the re-building works.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Part of the works she had achieved but today she continued to face problems.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 From all of this, you may concl
ude that Mrs Lavaki had had nothing to do with the destruction by fire of the Lighthouse building that night.
\par 
\par [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab What had caused the fire?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 The restaurant was sited close to the Parliamentary complex building.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
On 10 June 2000 it was only 3 weeks since the takeover of Parliament and the commencement of the hostage crisis.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
This area had been declared}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 a military danger zone from which the public were excluded.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 It would be unlikely therefore that any member of the ordinary public would be in that area on that night. 
\par 
\par [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab 
We know from what the Accused told the interviewing officer Det. Sergeant Paulo Tabacece that he was present that Saturday night with a great body of persons coming from the Parliamentary complex who moved up Vuya Rd. to the junction with 
Queen Elizabeth Drive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 This junction was a very short distance from the Lighthouse.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 The Accused admitted having possession of the two petrol bombs, but he said he took them as a preventive measure from 2 youths.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 He said he remained at the bus-stop.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 He said he was part of the group 
\'93when the lighthouse was burned\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 He denied knowing what had happened, saying \'93
we were surprised when the lighthouse restaurant caught fire\'94.
\par 
\par [25] \tab Disregarding the Accused\rquote s possible involvement for a moment, you may well conclude from the Accused\rquote 
s comments alone that the Lighthouse Restaurant caught fire that night because some persons from the Parliamentary group set fire to it using petrol bombs and sticks.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 No-one has told you however that they saw anyone doing the act of lighting the building.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 But this is an inference you could draw from these facts and circumstances and from the evidence also of Tevita Vakalalabure.
\par 
\par [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab Remember this witness said he saw a group of boys heading towards the lighthouse from the junction.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 They carried containers of liquid, and sticks with cloth wrapped around.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 The Accused said the liquid was petrol.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Shortly afterwards the Lighthouse was alight, said Tevita.
\par 
\par [27] \tab So strict was the army exclusion zone that the fire brigade had to obtain permission before entering that zone even in a fire emergency.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 The fire officer Timoci Ranavue, said they were escorted to the scene by two twin cabs full of soldiers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 It was very windy that night.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Whilst the fire was being extinguished the soldiers took up defensive positions with their guns.
\par 
\par [28]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab Mr Ranavue said only 10% of the building remained standing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 No investigation of the cause of the fire could be undertaken because of the danger existing at that place.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Without modern detection equipment only now available, it was not possible then to find a cause of the fire, and anyway no investigation was possible because of the danger zone.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 But in his report the second fire officer witness Mr Ratumaikoro said he considered the fire suspicious because of the number 
of fires that were occurring during the country\rquote s crisis and because this fire was a very fast spreading fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
The witness did not actually say it, but by this he may have meant that this was a fire where an accelerant had been used, hence that it had spread so fast.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 All in all you may, if you so decide, conclude that this fire was not accidental, rather that it was set deliberately.
\par 
\par [29] \tab The third element on which as with all the elements in this offence you must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt is that the person who set the fire did so wilfully.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Wilfully simply means deliberately and intentionally.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
If you accept that the fire was lit by persons with containers of kerosene using cloth wrapped sticks such a fire must have been lit deliberately and intentionally, and not accidentally.
\par 
\par [30]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab The fourth element is that the act must have been done unlawfully.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Unlawfully means \'93without lawful justification\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
If the fire had been set in order to preserve life that would provide a defence to the setting of the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
But no such factual situation exists here, and you may quickly conclude that whoever lit the fire did so unlawfully.
\par 
\par [31] \tab The fifth and last element, indeed the crux of the case, is whether the Accused was involved at all, that is whether he lit the fire or assisted others to light the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 A careful examination is necessary therefore of the evidence of Tevita Vakalalabure and of what the Accused told the investigating officer in his interview.
\par 
\par [32] \tab The Accused as you know has completely denied involvement in the arson.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
He admits going with the crowd up to the junction near the restaurant, but denies going forward to the restaurant with a small group of perhaps 3 or 4 others who were in possession of fire lighting equipment.
\par 
\par [33]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab The Accused is charged with others.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 They have not been named, presumably since their names and identities are not known to the prosecution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 The charge is brought in two ways.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Since on the evidence he was conducting himself as a leader, the Accused was one of those who actually lit the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Alternatively, without actually lighting the fire the Accused accompanied those that did, and actively encouraged or assisted them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
The Accused was said by Tevita to be holding the plastic container and the cloth wrapped sticks as they headed off in the direction of the restaurant.
\par 
\par [34] \tab A person may be charged with arson if he himself does the setting on fire, or if he assists in some way such as by carrying the fire lighting equipment to the scene for the purpose of enabling or ai
ding another person to do the setting on fire, or if he aids and abets or counsels or procures another to commit the offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
All of such acts would constitute the offence of arson, as well as the act of the person who actually lights the fire.
\par 
\par [35]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab I have already told you you may accept part of what a witness has said, and reject other parts.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Sometimes a witness is so unreliable and so incapable of belief you would disregard his entire evidence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 With other witnesses you may find they are inaccurate in so
me parts or even lying to you in some parts, but truthful and reliable in other parts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
In which case, you may accept those parts you find to be truthful and reliable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436\charrsid14962167 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 [36]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab 
You should approach the evidence of Tevita Vakalalabure with caution since he was an accomplice of the Accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
He has told you that he did not know why everyone assembled at the Vuya Rd. main gate of Parliament to go out somewhere.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
He went with his sub-group, the Cakaudrove boys as he said.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 He could not get any satisfactory answer as t
o where they were going and what for.
\par 
\par [37] \tab When he realised some of the main group including the Accused were intent on burning, he said he pulled his people back. At the Grammar School junction on their way back they saw the flames coming from the Lighthouse.
\par 
\par [38]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab He was saying he was not part of the arson team, and did not approve of it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 He believed in the Taukei Movement and was against the Chaudhry Government, but he did not approve of burning buildings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Still, you should approach his evidence as if he were an accomplice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Because of this you should look for corroboration of his evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Corroboration is evidence which implicates the Accused in some material way relevant to the charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Without corroboration it is dangerous to convict on the evidence of this witness alone.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Having warned yourselves of the dangers of convicting on the evidence of this accomplice without corroboration, you may still convict the Accused on the strength of Tevita Vakalalabure\rquote s evidence if you consider his evidence alone to
 be accurate reliable and credible.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
\par 
\par [39] \tab Though the Accused\rquote s remarks in interview tend to confirm that he played a leadership role, and that he was holding the container and sticks, albeit for a preventative non-criminal reason, there is no corroboration of the accomplice
\rquote s account of the Accused and the 3 or 4 others heading off towards the Lighthouse just moments before the fire started.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
You should approach the issue on the basis that there is no corroboration of Tevita\rquote s evidence implicating the Accused.
\par 
\par [40] \tab You will have to decide therefore whether you accept Tevita\rquote s evidence on this issue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Do you believe him when he said he did not know the purpose for going towards the seaside from the Parliamentary complex?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Do you consider him, as he suggested to you, that he was a man of principle, and though a strong supporter of the coup cause, nonetheless that he did not believe it was right to carry out burnings?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 If you assess him to be so principled then you may find it easier to accept his evidence and p
lace reliance on him as a truthful witness concerning the involvement of the Accused in the fire.
\par 
\par [41]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 \tab 
If you find that he knew what the purpose for leaving Parliament was that night, and then got cold feet, you may be less inclined to accept his evidence concerning the Accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 This is what you have to decide.
\par 
\par [42] \tab In his closing address the Accused pointed out to you that Tevita Vakalalabure said in evidence that he did not see the Accused lighting the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 He only saw the Accused holding the sticks not burning the Lighthouse.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
The prosecution say that if you accept Tevita\rquote s evidence, then the only possible inference is that the Accused and his small group setting out from the bus stop towards the Lighthouse with the fire lighting equipment were the on
ly persons responsible for the burning.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 It is a matter for you.
\par 
\par Ladies and Gentleman Assessors please now retire to consider your opinions.
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12193436 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 A.H.C.T. GATES
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 JUDGE
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14962167 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid12193436 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 Solicitors for the State\tab :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12193436  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10701881\charrsid14962167 
Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Suva
\par Solicitors for the Accused: In Person
\par }}