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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 CIVIL ACTION NO.: HBC}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917\charrsid5208917 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 483 OF 2003
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917\charrsid5208917 DR. MAHENDRA KUMAR
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 (f/n Bans Karan)
\par Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 DR. SITARAM GARIMELLA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917\charrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Ms Bindula Devi - for the Plaintiff
\par Ms. Semi Leweniqila - for the Defendant
\par 
\par Date of Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917\charrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 29th June, 2004
\par Date of Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917\charrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 2nd July, 2004
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Introduction
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 The defendant makes an application by way of summons dated the 12th of March, 2004 pursuant to Order 13 Rule 10 of the High Court Rules to set aside a
 default judgment entered against him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 The application is supported by his affidavits sworn and filed on the 12th of March, 2004.

\par 
\par The plaintiff opposes the application and relies on affidavits he filed on the 26th of March, 2004.
\par 
\par Counsel have filed written submissions and decided to rest their case on those submissions and accept a decision on the papers given on notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 The Facts
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 A writ of summons was filed by the plaintiff on the 21st of November, 2003 claiming damages for alleged libel contained in 
various memoranda written by the defendant between April 2002 and April 2003.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
These were generally addressed to the Vice Chancellor of the University of the South Pacific.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
Somewhat unusually for a complex libel action rather than file a Statement of Claim giving full particulars of the alleged libel the plaintiff adopted the shorthand method of a simple endorsement of writ.
\par 
\par The endorsement is one paragraph long and reads in full as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 \'93The Plaintiff\rquote s claim against the Defendant is for damages for l
ibel contained in a memorandum written by the Defendant on 28th day of April 2003, 2nd September 2002, 20th November 2002, 25th November 2002 and 30th April 2002 addressed and sent to the Vice Chancellor of the University of the South Pacific and publishe
d to others in which the Defendant falsely and maliciously wrote and published of and concerning the Plaintiff and concerning him in his office as the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Head of the Physics Department alleging amongst other things dishonesty \'85\'85.\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par In my view the endorsement is lamentably brief and fails to provide sufficient particulars of the publications and in particular what part of the publications are said to be libel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917 l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 ous (Order 82 Rule 2).
\par 
\par Further it is clear from the affidavits filed in support of the application to set aside judgment that the plaintiff alleges that only some of the words or matters complained of were used in a defamatory sense other than their ordinary meaning.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 As such he was obliged to give particulars of the facts and matters on which he relied in support of such sense (Order 82 Rule 3).

\par 
\par The defendant applicant essentially argues that he has a defence on the merits.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
I have to say that while that may be so the generality of his affidavit in support of the default judgment is not helpful.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
His merits are described in paragraph 7 and paragraph 9 of his affidavit of the 12th of March, 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 He pleads truth.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 He pleads confidentiality as a \'93whistle blower\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 What is lacking in his affidavit are particulars of the truth and particulars of the whistle blowing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 However, that is not fatal to his application as I expect his lack of particularising a defence simply reflects the lack of information endorsed on the writ.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 He is in effect fighting a very \'93general fire\'94 with \'93general fire\'94.
\par 
\par I accept the principles espoused in }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Russell v Cox}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
 [1983] NZLR 654 at 659 where Justice Hardie-Boys described the exercise of this discretion as being whether it is just in all the circumstances to set the judgment aside and if so whether terms should be imposed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 His honour went on to say that the justice of the case is to be generally measured against three factors.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 These that are non-exclusive factors are:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Whether the delay has been reasonably explained.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 I find in this case it has.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 The proceedings were filed and served close to the Court Legal Vacation at a time when the defendant was about to go overseas.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 I find he attended to the matters of instructing counsel at the earliest practical opportunity. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Secondly, whether a substantial ground of defence has been disclosed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 I again find, in a general sense, answering a very general claim that a substantial ground of defence has been disclosed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 The defendant is generally pleading truth in answer to the general allegations made against him endorsed on the writ.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Thirdly, there is the issu
e of whether the plaintiff will suffer irreparable injury if the judgment is set aside.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
I find that the plaintiff will not suffer irreparable injury.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
It is the nature of a liable action that the harm has already been done.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 No damages have yet been awarded.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 There is no prejudice to this plaintiff in the setting aside of the judgment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Conclusion
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Accordingly for these reasons I set aside the default judgment dated the 15th of December.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 I direct the plaintiff to file a Statement of Claim containing the required particulars under Order 82.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 The defendant is to have 14 days from the service of that Statement of Claim to file and serve his Statement of Defence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5208917  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Costs are reserved in the cause.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 Gerard Winter
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5208917 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709528\charrsid5208917 
\par At Suva
\par 2nd July, 2004
\par }}