{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f3\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}
{\f36\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f37\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f39\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f40\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\f41\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f42\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f43\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f44\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;
\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 
heading 1;}{\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 2;}{
\s3\qj \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 3;}{\s4\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 4;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 Body Text;}{\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext16 Body Text 2;}{\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext17 header;}{\*\cs18 \additive \sbasedon10 page number;}{\s19\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext19 Block Text;}}
{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-2016122668\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listname 
;}\listid-132}{\list\listtemplateid1393090490\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname 
;}\listid-131}{\list\listtemplateid312236068\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listname 
;}\listid-130}{\list\listtemplateid1340269476\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listname 
;}\listid-129}{\list\listtemplateid-1056138136\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 
}{\listname ;}\listid-128}{\list\listtemplateid2116577282\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440
\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname ;}\listid-127}{\list\listtemplateid1733580818\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 
\fi-360\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listname ;}\listid-126}{\list\listtemplateid-1948207912\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers
;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listname ;}\listid-125}{\list\listtemplateid-1373052558\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li360\jclisttab\tx360\lin360 }{\listname ;}\listid-120}{\list\listtemplateid1746456078\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li360\jclisttab\tx360\lin360 }{\listname ;}\listid-119}{\list\listtemplateid-1948214880\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname ;}\listid50664130}{\list\listtemplateid2132051686\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listname ;}\listid243031724}{\list\listtemplateid485365378\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname ;}\listid373772376}{\list\listtemplateid-389879100\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname ;}\listid1892762837}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid373772376\listoverridecount0\ls1}
{\listoverride\listid1892762837\listoverridecount0\ls2}{\listoverride\listid50664130\listoverridecount0\ls3}{\listoverride\listid-119\listoverridecount0\ls4}{\listoverride\listid-125\listoverridecount0\ls5}{\listoverride\listid-126\listoverridecount0\ls6}
{\listoverride\listid-127\listoverridecount0\ls7}{\listoverride\listid-128\listoverridecount0\ls8}{\listoverride\listid-120\listoverridecount0\ls9}{\listoverride\listid-129\listoverridecount0\ls10}{\listoverride\listid-130\listoverridecount0\ls11}
{\listoverride\listid-131\listoverridecount0\ls12}{\listoverride\listid-132\listoverridecount0\ls13}{\listoverride\listid243031724\listoverridecount0\ls14}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid5113781\rsid9666495}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6764;}{\info
{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\author Gurmeet}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo12\dy17\hr10\min56}{\revtim\yr2005\mo12\dy17\hr10\min56}{\printim\yr2004\mo4\dy23\hr11\min21}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages9}{\nofwords2717}{\nofchars15493}
{\*\company Judicial Department}{\nofcharsws18174}{\vern16391}}\margl2160\margr2160 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0
\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot5113781 \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs18\insrsid9666495 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {
\cs18\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9666495 9}}}{\cs18\insrsid9666495 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid9666495 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LABASA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1 OF 2003
\par (Labasa Mag. Ct. C.A. 496/97)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Between:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 POST AND TELECOMMUN}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781\charrsid5113781 I}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 CATIONS LTD
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Appellant/
\par Original 2nd Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 KRISHNA BROTHERS
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Respondent/
\par Original Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par Mr. V. P. Ram for the Appellant
\par Mr. A. Sen for the Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par This is an appeal by the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Post & Telecommun}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781 i}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 cations Ltd}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  (the \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \rquote 
 the second defendant in the original action) against the ruling and decision of the learned Magistrate (Mr. Maika Nakora) delivered in this action on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 20 August 2002}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  on a number of grounds more particularly stated in the Amended Grounds of Appeal filed herein on 23 September 2003.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Background history of case
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par The background history of the case is briefly as follows (as stated in Mr. Sen\rquote s written submiss}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 on p 1):
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 This action was instituted at Labasa Magistrates Court on 23 September 1997.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
After various adjournments given to the defendants to file their Statement of Defence the same was filed by them on 20th April 1998.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iii.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 The Statement of Claim was subsequently amended and the same was filed on 7th June 1999.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iv.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
After various adjournments the action was not heard and on 8th December 1999 was transferred to Taveuni Magistrates Court and mentioned on 20th March 2000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 v.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 After two further adjournments the matter was listed for hearing on 20th November 2000.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 The Defendants and the Solicitors did not appear on that date.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 The matter was again called on 23rd January 2001 for hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
Again neither the Defendants nor the Solicitors appeared on hearing date.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 vi.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
This action was therefore adjourned to 21st May 2001 and on the said date neither the Defendants nor the Solicitors appeared.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
However Mr. Sarju Prasad appeared on instructions from Gibson & Company and made an application to transfer case to Labasa.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
This application was refused and the case proceeded to hearing.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 vii.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 On 21st June 2001 the second defendant filed an appeal against the decision of the magistrate.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 further facts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  are that:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 appeal}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  was listed for hearing on 25 March 2002 before Fatiaki J (as he then was).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
On that day since Mr. Ram was not ready, Court asked second defendant (appellant) to pay sum of $5100 in Court within 14 days, failing which the appeal would be dismissed.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 No deposit was made; on 12 April 2002 Notice of Discontinuance of Appeal was filed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 On 26 April 2002 Pathik J dismissed the appeal and awarded $200 costs to the plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
Then on 20 August 2002 the Magistrate delivered his judgment in the sum of $9000 inclusive of costs against both the defendants.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Summary of Grounds of Appeal
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
I have summarized the grounds of appeal as follows and I shall deal with them in that order:
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Against }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 transfer}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  of case from Labasa to Taveuni
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Allegation of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 bias}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  in the Magistrate failing to disqualify himself from hearing the case.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Against refusal to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 adjourn}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  the case on application as being \lquote vexatious\rquote  and alleging \lquote vindictiv}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 ness\rquote  and \lquote bias\rquote  against the Magistrate.
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Not a \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 reasoned judgment}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'94
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 No finding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  of negligence
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Judgment for various amounts not supported by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 , proof or basis of award
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 That the finding/judgment is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
against the weight of the evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  tendered.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Consideration of the Appeal
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par I have read the Record of the proceedings in this case and also the written submissions from both counsel.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
In my 47 years in the law, it is a matter of great concern to see that what was a simple straightforward matter turned out to be so messy and confusing with a sheer waste of Court\rquote s time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 I feel hurt that so much of my time is being taken up in dealing with this kind of appeal which should never have seen the light of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 day had it been handled properly by all concerned.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
By reading the record and reading in between the lines there seem to be a lot of non-cooperation among all the \lquote players\rquote  in the situation that prevailed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 When one sees in the 
papers before me allegations of bias and ill-motive, rightly or wrongly, against a judicial officer (the Magistrate), one wonders what is happening in the Northern Division of this country.
\par 
\par I should not be expected to ascertain where the fault lies and all I can say is that there should be a proper code of conduct governing legal practitioners if one expects dignity of the Courts to be maintained.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Mud-slinging and insinuations either in Court documents or from the Bar table will not be and has not been tolerated by me.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 There must be mutual respect between the Bench and the Bar.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par Dealing with grounds
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par Without wasting too much time and energy on the grounds, I shall very briefly deal with them.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Ground I
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 This ground deals with the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 transfer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  of this case.
\par 
\par I see no merit whatsoever on this ground after perusal of the Record and the Magistrate\rquote s statements in this regard.
\par 
\par The Appeal Court will not be justified in interfering with the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 exercise of discretion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
 by the Magistrate (lower Court) unless there is misapplication of the law, or the order is likely to lead to a miscarriage of justice (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Evans v Bartlam}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  [1937] A.C. 493.
\par 
\par In this connection I would refer to the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Jordan C.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 In re the Will of F.B. Gilbert}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  (Deceased) wherein he refers to }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 In re Ryan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  (1923) 23 S.R. 354 at 357 where it is stated:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93
In this connection, however, I am of opinion that as was pointed out by this Court in In re Ryan (2), there is a material difference between an exercise of discretion on a point of practice or procedure and an
 exercise of discretion which determines substantive rights.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
In the former class of case, if a tight rein were not kept upon interference with the orders of Judges of first instance, the result would be disastrous to the proper administration of justice.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 T
he disposal of cases could be delayed interminably, and costs heaped up indefinitely, if a litigant with a long purse or a litigious disposition could, at will, in effect transfer all exercises of discretion in interlocutory applications from a Judge in C
hambers to a Court of Appeal.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
But an appeal from an exercise of a so-called discretion which is determinative of legal rights stands in a somewhat different position\'94. 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Ground 2
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 On the issue of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 bias}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 , I see no proper basis for it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 The Magistrate has given his reason for acting in the manner he did and this should be sufficient to explain the circumstances in which he dealt with the case.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par From the Record I see no justification or reason to impute bias or any improper motive on the part of the Magistrate.
\par 
\par Imputations of this nature should not be lightly made.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Perhaps I should state here as a reminder as to what is \'93bias\'94
 and how it is constituted by reference to extracts from some decided cases.
\par 
\par What is \lquote bias\rquote  and its significance has been clearly stated in the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Lord Thankerton }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Franklin v Minister of Town and Country Planning }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 (1948) AC 87 at p103 \endash  104 and it is worth bearing in mind.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 It is as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93I could wish that the use of the word \'93}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 bias}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'94 should be confined to its proper sphere.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Its p
roper significance, in my opinion, is to denote a departure from the standard of even-handed justice which the law requires from those who occupy judicial office, or those who are commonly regarded as holding a quasi-judicial office, such as an arbitrator
.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
The reason for this clearly is that, having to adjudicate as between two or more parties, he must come to his adjudication with an independent mind, }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 without any inclination or bias}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  towards one side or other in the dispute\'94.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 (emphasis mine)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 He goes on to say ibid}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 :
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93As Lord Cranworth L.C. says in Ranger v. Great Western Ry. Co (I): \'93
A judge ought to be, and is supposed to be, indifferent between the parties.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
He has, or is supposed to have, no bias inducing him to lean to the one side rather than to the other.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
In ordinary cases it is a just ground of exception to a judge that he is not indifferent, and the fact that he is himself a party, or interested as a party, affords the strongest proof }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781 
that he cannot be indifferent.\'94}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par On the point of test to be applied whether there is bias, I refer to the following quotation from the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Charles J.A.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  in the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Magistrates\rquote  Court in Prahran v Murphy }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
(1997) 2 V.R. (C.A.) 186 at 207 quoting from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Webb v R }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 (1994) 181 CLR 41, where }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Mason C.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 McHugh J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  said at 47:
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93When it is alleged that a judge has been or might be actuated by bias, this Court has held that the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
proper test is whether fair-minded people might reasonably apprehend or suspect that the judge has prejudged or might prejudge the case}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'85.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 The Court has specifically rejected the real likelihood of bias test.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 The principle behind the reasonable apprehension or suspicion test is that it is of \'93fundamental importance\'94
 that justice should not only be done, but should manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done\'94.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 (emphasis added)
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Deane J.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 said, at 67-8, that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
In a series of recent cases, the Court has formulated the test to be applied in this country in determining whether a judicial officer (\'93a judge\'94) is disqualified by reason of the appearance of bias, as distinct from proved actual bias.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
That test, as so formulated, is whether, in all the circumstances, a fair-minded lay observer with knowledge of the material objective facts \'93might entertain a reasonable apprehension that [the judge] might not bring an impa
rtial and unprejudiced mind to the resolution of the question\'94 in issue\'85
.the test directly reflects its rationale, namely, that it is of fundamental importance that the parties to litigation and the general public have full confidence in the integrity, inc
luding the impartiality, of those entrusted with the administration of justice.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
However, the test is an objective one and the standard to be observed in its application is that of a hypothetical fair-minded and informed lay observer.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par This ground is also without merit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 There was no need for the Magistrate to disqualify himself from hearing the case.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Ground 3
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par The adjournment in this case was refused by the Magistrate for the reasons he gave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
The case was set down for hearing on the day that the appellant\rquote s counsel made application for adjournment.
\par 
\par As I said earlier the Magistrate exercised his discretion in the matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
With the exercise of that discretion which this Court considers was properly exercised, the application for transfer was refused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Counsel 
appearing on behalf of his principal could have easily taken part in the hearing of the case had he been fully instructed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
It is important that anyone instructed to appear for another counsel should be given proper instruction to argue the case if the need arises.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Here counsel knew that the case was for hearing and yet he applies for adjournment without proper reasons.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 This practice should actually cease.
\par 
\par On the practice and procedure on application for adjournment I refer to the Court of Appeal case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Plastic Manufacturing (Fiji) Limited v Ice (Fiji) Limited}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  30 FLR 103 (1984) where the situation was similar to the present case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
That case addressed itself to the principles to be applied generally to be considered by the Appellate Court.
\par 
\par There it was held:
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93
An Appellate Court has power to consider an appeal against the refusal of a Judge at first instance to grant an adjournment.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
Such an appeal is against the exercise of a discretion.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Therefore the normal rules governing an appeal against such exercise mus
t be applied.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 An Appellate Court will not interfere with the trial Judge\rquote 
s decision unless the exercise of the discretion had caused injustice.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par This ground is also devoid of merits and it fails.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Grounds 4, 5 & 6
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par I shall deal with grounds 4, 5 & 6 together.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 They concern failure to find}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 negligence, judgment against weight of evidence and contents of judgment.
\par 
\par At the outset on these grounds I refer to a number of decided cases which set out what the requirements and on the writing of judgment as far as Magistrate\rquote s Court is concerned.
\par 
\par The first case is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Mohammed Abdul Razak v Reginam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  19 F.L.R 1 (1973) which was a dangerous driving case.
\par 
\par There it was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 held}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 , inter alia, as follows:
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \s19\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 A magistrate is not obliged to give his reasons for his acceptance or reject
ion of the evidence of any particular witness provided that the evidence in question is sufficient to establish the ingredients of the offence.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
An appellate court will only in rare cases disturb the finding of fact of the court below.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 The appellant must s
how that the verdict was unreasonable or cannot be supported having regard to the evidence.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par In that case the Magistrate made findings of fact.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
However in the present case I do not see any specific findings of facts nor was the evidence analyzed as required of a Magistrate.
\par 
\par All that the Magistrate said was that: \'93I have now carefully considered all the evidence presented before me and I am satisfied that the plaintiff has proved its case on the balance of probability\'94.
\par 
\par There is no proper evidence of how the sum of $5,100.00 for losses is made up.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 There is no documentary or supporting evidence of it.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Similarly, there is no indication how the sum of $2000.00 has been allowed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Also there are no details of how the sum of $1900.00 being expenses in "air fares, hotel expenses etc\'94) is made up.
\par 
\par The second case I refer to is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Chandar Pal v Reginam}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
20 FLR 1 (1974) which was a case of causing death by dangerous driving, it was held that \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 the Magistrate had failed to analyze the evidence and did not give his reasons 
nor explain in what manner the appellant\rquote s driving was dangerous}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'94.
\par 
\par In that case }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Grant Ag C.J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  at p4 of the judgment said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93
The trial Magistrate found that the appellant drove in a dangerous manner, but did not analyse the evidence, give his reasons, nor explain in what manner the appellant\rquote 
s driving was dangerous; and in all the circumstances I have come to the conclusion that the evidence is too unsatisfactory to ground a conviction\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par The passages cited above are quite pertinent and ought to be borne in mind in writing judgment of the Court.
\par 
\par In the present case there are no proper analysis of the evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781\charrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 There are no findings of fact.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781\charrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Merely saying }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93
I am satisfied that the plaintiff has proved its case on the balance of probability\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  is not satisfactory enough.
\par 
\par Also, there are no reasons given.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781\charrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 In this regard }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
Grant Ag C.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Chandar Pal (supra)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  at 4 said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93
I would take the opportunity, as the judgment of the lower court in this case is a clear example, of drawing attention to what appears to be a trend
 on the part of some Magistrates to set out in a judgment a summary of the evidence of the witnesses in the order in which they were called regardless of the fact that this bears no relationship to the sequence of events which is the subject matter of the
 trial; and a tendency to omit reasons for the decision reached\'94.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781\charrsid5113781  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par The Magistrate should not only formulate reasons for his conclusion but the judgment should be expressed accordingly (Pal\rquote s case \endash  supra P4).
\par 
\par Finally, on the giving of \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 reasons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \rquote  I cannot resist the temptation of quoting from }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Lord Denning}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  from his book \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 The Road to Justice}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'94 (1955) at p29, as a clear guide to judicial officers when giving judgments.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 It is as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93the judge must give his reasons for his decision: for, by 
so doing, he gives proof that he has heard and considered the evidence and arguments that have been adduced before him on each side: and also that he has not taken extraneous considerations into account.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 It is of course true that his decision may be correc
t even though he should give no reason for it or even give a wrong reason: but, in order that a trial should be fair, it is necessary, not only that a correct decision should be reached, but also that it should be seen to be based on reason;}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 and that can only be seen, if the judge himself states his reasons\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 

\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par He goes on to say:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93
Furthermore if his reasons are at fault, then they afford a basis on which the party aggrieved by his decision can appeal to a higher court.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781\charrsid5113781  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 No judge is infallible, and every system of justice must provide for an appeal to a higher court to correct the errors of the judge below.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781\charrsid5113781  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 The cry of Paul \'93I appeal unto Ca}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781 e}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 sar\'94 represents a deep-seated human response.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781\charrsid5113781  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
But no appeal can properly be determined unless the appellate court knows the reasons for the decision of the lower court.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781\charrsid5113781  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 For that purpose, if for no other, the judge who tries the case }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 must give his reasons}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'94. 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par The judgment in this case is most unsatisfactory as it did not fulfil the requirements of the contents of a judgment.
\par 
\par In these circumstances, I consider that I should not let the judgment stand and I will not be far out if I were to say that the judgment is against the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 weight of evidence.
\par 
\par I conclude on these grounds with the following passage from the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Grant Ag C.J. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Pal\rquote s case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  (supra) which is worth noting as to the contents of a judgment:
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \'93
As a general rule, the judgment should commence with a description of the charge, followed by the relevant events and the material evidence set out in 
correct sequence in narrative form, the identifying number of each pertinent witness being incorporated at the appropriate places, after which the Magistrate should state what witnesses he believes and whose evidence he accepts or rejects, and should proc
eed to }{\i0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 make his findings of fac}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 t, apply the appropriate law to those facts, and give his }{
\i0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 reasoned decision}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 ; bearing in mind throughout the provisions of Section 154(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code\'94 }{
\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 ORDER}{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par 
\par For these reasons particularly in view of what I have stated on grounds 4, 5 and 6 I will allow the appeal.
\par 
\par It is therefore }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 ordered}{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781  as follows:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls14\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 That the judgment of 20 August 2002 including the order for costs is wholly set aside.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls14\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 That the defendant be allowed to defend the action.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls14\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 T
hat the action take its normal course and be heard by a different Magistrate at Magistrates Court at Labasa unless there is an order of transfer to Taveuni.}{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113781  }{
\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 In due course application to be made to the Magistrate\rquote s Court for assignment of a date for hearing.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls14\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 That although the appeal is allowed on certain grounds, the appellant is ordered to pay costs to plaintiff
\rquote s solicitors within 21 days the sum of }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 $750.00}{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
 being costs thrown away for failure to attend Court in Taveuni at the hearing of the case.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 D. Pathik
\par }{\i0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 Judge}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5113781 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9251231\charrsid5113781 
\par At Labasa
\par 27 April 2004
\par }}