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{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\author Gurmeet}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo12\dy17\hr16\min3}{\revtim\yr2005\mo12\dy17\hr16\min3}{\printim\yr2004\mo4\dy1\hr15\min13}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages13}{\nofwords3595}{\nofchars20497}
{\*\company Judicial Department}{\nofcharsws24044}{\vern16391}}\margl2160\margr2160 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 CIVIL ACTION NO. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164 HBC0}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 455 OF 2000
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Between:
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 1.\tab MOHAMMED AYUB KHAN
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 f/n Mohammed Hanif
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 f/n Nasrullah
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 f/n Mohammed Ayub Khan
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 f/n Dildar Khan
\par Plaintiffs
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164 1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164\charrsid6638164 .\tab }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 APIMELEKI VUNISINU
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 2.\tab THE PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR
\par AGRICULTURE FISHERIES AND FORESTS
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164\charrsid6638164 3.\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF FIJI
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Defendants
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\par Mr. D. Sharma with Mr. D. Prasad for the Plaintiffs
\par Mr. Y. Singh for the Defendants
\par 
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\par By }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 writ of summons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 the plaintiffs have brought this action claiming damages, interest and costs for personal injuries received by them in a traffic accident on 10 October 1998 at the junction of Saqa Road and Daniva Road, Valelevu, Nasinu.
\par 
\par Although the hearing of this action commenced 5 August 2001, both counsel had it adjourned to 30 April 2003 and eventually the last of the written submissions were filed on 6 June 2003.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Background facts
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par The background facts are well set out in the plaintiffs\rquote  written submissions which are as follows:
\par 
\par The First Plaintiff was the driver of the vehicle registration No. CQ 437 and the Second, Third and Fourth Plaintiffs were passengers in the said vehicle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The First Plaintiff hired the said vehicle from Central Rental Company on 10th October 1998 to travel to Lautoka to visit one of their relatives who was sick.
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They left Lautoka at about 5 p.m. and arrived in Suva at about 9.30 p.m.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
They then travelled to Valelevu to pick the house keys from the First Plaintiff\rquote s brother.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 As they reach
ed the junction of Saqa and Daniva Road at about 10 p.m. a government vehicle registration No. GL 283 which was travelling on Saqa Road failed to stop at the junction and went into Daniva Road and collided with the Plaintiffs vehicle.}{
\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 All four Plaintiffs were injured and were taken to CWM Hospital in a Police vehicle.
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\par The First Defendant was at the material time of the accident employed by the Second Defendant Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forest and was driving the vehicle registration No. GL 283.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The said vehicle belonged to the said Ministry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
The Third Defendant is joined pursuant to Section 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164 2 of the Crown Proceedings Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
The injuries alleged to have been suffered by each of the plaintiffs is set out fully in the Statement of Claim as well as in this judgment.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Consideration of the issue
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par As ordered both parties made written submissions and these were considered by me.
\par 
\par Evidence was adduced on behalf of the plaintiffs but the counsel for the defendants decided not to call any witnesses.
\par 
\par It was agreed that if liability was established against the defendants the Court is to assess damages for personal injuries received by the plaintiffs.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Liability
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
This case concerns a motor vehicle accident which took place on 10 October 1998 at the junction of Saqa Road (minor road) and Daniva Road (major road) at Valelevu.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par There was a collision between the car of the defendant and the first plaintiff\rquote s rental car as the result of which the defendant\rquote s car which came out of the minor road struck the plaintiff\rquote 
s car which was on the major road resulting in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 injuries to the four plaintiffs who were in the car.
\par 
\par The first defendant who was the driver of the Government vehicle was charged and convicted for dangerous driving and driving a motor vehicle without a valid driving licence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Although }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 contributory negligence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 was raised by counsel for the first defendant no evidence was adduced in this regard.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
On the other hand I have the evidence of the first plaintiff as to how the accident happened.
\par 
\par On the evidence before
 me I find that the first plaintiff was driving in a perfectly normal manner along what I call the major road approaching the minor road on his left, when the first defendant emerged on to the major road went across without pausing and struck the plaintif
f\rquote s car on its near-side injuring the four plaintiffs who were all in the car.
\par 
\par In the absence of any evidence from the defendant (D1), the Court is left with the evidence of the plaintiff and his witnesses as to how the accident happened and also what the nature of the injuries were as a consequence of the accident.
\par 
\par So here we have a picture of the 1st plaintiff driving on a major road and the defendant driving along a side road.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 As }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Russell L.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  said in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Humphrey and Another}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 v Leigh and Another }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 [1971] RTR C.A.], the plaintiff (as in this case):

\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \'93
must, of course, keep a look-out at cross-roads, but to say that he must so drive his car as to be able to stop short in case a car is coming, driven dangerously, straight across out of the side road, is not, and ce
rtainly should not be, in my judgment, the law.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
To hold otherwise would lead to a state of the law which is completely contrary to the experience of anybody who drives as to what in fact 100 per cent of people who drive do.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 It would lead, I imagine, if that were the law, to even worse traffic conditions than we find on the roads at present.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 It is the defendants\rquote 
 counsel\rquote s submission that there was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 contributory negligence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 on the part of the plaintiff (P1) because there was ample space on the plaintiff\rquote s left to avoid the accident.
\par 
\par On the evidence before me I do not find that there was any contributory negligence on the part of the 1st plaintiff who was driving normally on the \lquote main road\rquote .
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Assessment of Damages
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par Having established that the defendants were liable for the injuries suffered by the plaintiffs who are wife (P2) of P1, daughter (P3) and mother (P4) respectively as Plaintiffs, it is now left for me to assess damages sustained by them.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Heads of damages}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par 
\par The plaintiffs claim damages under the heads of (a) General damages, (pain and suffering, loss of earnings, cost of future care and medication),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 (b) Special damages,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 (c) Interest and (d) Costs.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 I shall now consider the assessment of the appropriate damages and in doing so I have considered both co}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164 unsels\rquote  submissions in writing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par 
\par In regard to damages, counsel for the defendants in his written submission stated that \'93should liability be found, then the agreement, the counsel for the defendants had with the counsel for the plaintiffs on the 30th April 2
003 that in that scenario, the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $50,000.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  is the figure that should be awarded.\'94 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Injuries to plaintiffs
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par The condition of the plaintiffs and the injuries received by each of them}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 are set out below.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Injuries to First Plaintiff (Mohammed Aiyub Khan)
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par Medical Report on the first plaintiff as per Medical Report of 23/7/99 is as follows}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 (vide Exhibit P2(7):
\par 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 He suffered injuries to his right collar bone
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Diagnosis:
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Fracture right clavicle with no neurovascular deficits.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Treatment:
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 He was treated on outpatient basis.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 He was given pain relief and put on broad arm sling.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 He was followed up in the orthopaedic clinic.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Follow Up:
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
He was seen in the Orthopaedic clinic on 5/11/98 and 3/12/98 and noted to be progressing well.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Complications:
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 No complications were encountered.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Prognosis:
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 He is expected to make a full functional recovery.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 However, a lump will persist over the fracture site.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par The P1\rquote s right hand was in sling for 6 months.
\par 
\par He was employed as a driver for Ministry of Commerce and was the only breadwinner in the family which comprised of the second, third and fourth plaintiffs in this action.
\par 
\par The plaintiff was not given the same job when he returned to work because of his injuries.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Injuries to second plaintiff (Sofia Khan)
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par The medical report on the second plaintiff }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Sofia Khan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  is contained in Dr. Fred Merchant\rquote 
s Report of 10 October 2000 which is as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
I examined the above named patient on 10/9/00 for complaints referable to injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident in 1998.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The 
patient was a front seat passenger wearing a seat belt at the time and sustained several superficial lacerations of the left knee and patellar area.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 She reports no allergies or diabetes and had a hysterectomy in 1989.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
She sees a private physician for routine care and is a homemaker.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
She reports pain and tenderness in the left lower leg and left iliac crest area after walking 50 to 100 meters.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 BP 110/70 P 84
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
Examination reveals some evidence of soft tissue tenderness in the above mentioned areas upon deep palpation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
I do not appreciate any evidence of recent trauma.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The limbs are otherwise within normal limits.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 There is not limitation in range of motion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The abdomen is within normal limits as well with a normally healed Pfannanstiel incision.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Review of x-rays does not reveal any bony or soft tissue abnormalities.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Conclusion:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 It is entirely possible that the patient has residual tenderness secondary to the 1998 trauma because pain and tenderness are subjective and patient dependent subject to many variables.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 I attest that the patient had the injuries but cannot say that there is any specific current residual.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par This plaintiff, who is the wife of P1 was sitting in the front passenger seat.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
After she received the injuries she could not walk for about 3 weeks.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Injuries to the third plaintiff \endash  Zakia Shenaaz Khan 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par The doctor\rquote s Medical Report on Zakia Khan is as follows:
\par 
\par I examined the above named patient on 10/9/00 for complaints referable to injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident in 1998.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
She states she was in the left rear passenger seat and wearing a seat belt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The accident occurred on or about 10 pm.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 She has no known allergies or previous surgery.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Sports history includes volleyball at college.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
She wears reading glasses for studying.
\par 
\par She currently complains of mild tenderness in the left lower leg over the calf and Achilles tendon.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 She is able to stand and jump on toes.

\par 
\par Examination does not reveal any specific evidence of residual injury though the patient consistently complains of discomfort in the above mentioned anatomic regions.
\par 
\par Likewise, review of patient x-rays does not reveal any gross abnormalities.
\par 
\par Conclusion:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 I find no demonstrable evidence of injury that might be compatible with the previously sustained injuries.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 It is entirely possible that the patient does experience intermittent discomfort however I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164 
 cannot prove or disprove same.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par 
\par The P3 is the daughter of P1 and P2 and was at the time of the accident setting at the back seat of the vehicle P1 was driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
The P3 missed school for about 4 days and found it difficult to play sports at school as the leg gets painful.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 According to doctor\rquote 
s Report she does experience intermittent discomfort.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Injuries to the fourth plaintiff (Rasulan Begum)
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par The injuries suffered by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Rasulan Begum}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 , the fourth
 plaintiff is as follows as contained in the Medical Report dated 31 August 1999 from the CWM Hospital:
\par }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 D.O.A}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 .}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 11/10/98\tab \tab [8.15 AM]
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 D.O.D.\tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164 07/11/98}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Length of Stay:\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 One month
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 PC:\tab \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
Swelling right arm
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 right ankle
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 History
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Patient sitting at the back seat
\par When another vehicle hit the rear end.
\par Resultant
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Tenderness + swelling
\par [Right] arm and ankle
\par She could not walk nor lift her arm.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 She was previously well.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 On Examination:
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Swelling of right arm/right ankle.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Tenderness and decreased range of movement and inability to walk.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Investigation:
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 X-Ray fracture of right humerus and right fibula.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par The P4 is the mother of P1 and was also sitting at the back seat behind P1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
In hospital she could not walk; her right arm was cast in plaster and her right leg was bandaged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
After being discharged she had to attend regular fracture clinic at the hospital.
\par 
\par Her right hand was in plaster for 4 months.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
This hand has become very weak and she is unable to do housework and wash her own clothes as she used to do before.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 GENERAL DAMAGES
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par Assessing }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 general damages}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  is fraught with difficulties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par 
\par This problem has been stated by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Earl of Halsbury LC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
The Mediana}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 (1900) AC at 116 thus:
\par 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \'93
You very often cannot even lay down any principle upon which you can give damages\'85\'85}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Take the 
most familiar and ordinary case: how is anybody to measure pain and suffering in moneys counted?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
Nobody can suggest that you can by any arithmetical calculation establish what is the exact sum of money which would represent such a thing as the pain and suffering which a person has undergone by reason of an accident\'85..}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 But nevertheless the law recognises that as a topic upon which damages may be given.\'94
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par The injured person is entitled to compensation and the Court does its best and this process is described by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Megaw LJ}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Fuhri v Jones}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 (1979 C.A. unreported) in the manner following:
\par 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \'93
It will be appreciated, of course, though it is not always fully understood by persons who are not directly concerned with the law, that the law cannot attempt to attribute any 
particular figure of damages to any particular physical injury, serious or trivial.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
There is no way in which it can be said that such-and-such an injury is worth so much in terms of money.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
Indeed, in most cases for most injuries, anybody would say \lquote I would rather have avoided this injury than have any amount of money whatever in compensation.\rquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 But }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 the court has to do the best it can}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 by way of what are really conventional figures in relation to injuries, the court assessing, of course, on the individual facts of the case, what is sometimes called the tariff, making adjustments for particular facts of the particular case.\'94
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par In making awards which are fair and reasonable the Court does fall back on previous amounts so that the figure arrived all are in proportion to amounts in other cases of those who have suffered injuries of comparable severity.
\par 
\par In \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 general damages}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \rquote 
 are included pain and suffering, cost of future nursing and attendance and medical expenses, loss of amenities and loss of future earnings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
It is a convenient list but not conclusive.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Pain and Suffering}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par 
\par In this case the plaintiffs are entitled to damages for pain and suffering as stated in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Kemp & Kemp}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  (Vol I p200) 2 - 010):

\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \'93\'85 the court must take into account, in making its assessment in the}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 cas
e of any particular plaintiff, the pain which he actually suffered and will suffer and the suffering which he has undergone and will undergo.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Pain and suffering are not measurable by any absolute standard and it is not easy, if indeed possible other than i
n the most general way to compare the degree of pain and suffering experienced by different people, however, the individual circumstances of particular plaintiffs clearly have a significant effect upon the assessment of damages\'94.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par As for }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 loss of amenities,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 damages under this head will compensate the plaintiffs for loss of employment resulting from the accident, namely, when the plaintiffs can no longer do the things that they were accustomed to doing.
\par 
\par I have considered the awards that should be made bearing in mind the nature of the injuries, as already stated hereabove resulting from the accident and have taken into account the pain and suffering that each one has gone through.
\par 
\par Bearing in mind the principles and guidelines in assessing }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 general damages}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 , I 
make awards in respect of each plaintiff as follows:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 To first-plaintiff
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par The first plaintiff\rquote s main injury was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 fracture of the right clavicle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 lacerated wound}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 right wrist}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 little finger}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 resulting in the right shoulder instead of being cast in plaster was put in sling for 6 months.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
While he was on sick leave for 6 months he was paid sick leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 After that he resumed work but could not continue and took leave without pay.
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 He ended up}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
with a lump on his right shoulder and heavy weight put on it would affect it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
He cannot play soccer or go for evening walks anymore due to ongoing pain to his shoulder. 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 When he returned to work he was not given overtime work which he did before the accident.
\par 
\par I assess }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 general damages}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  in this case in the sum of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $12,000.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 twelve thousand dollars}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 )
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 To second plaintiff 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The second plaintiff suffered injury to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 her left leg}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 According to doctor\rquote s report \'93the patient had the injuries but cannot say that there is any specific current residual\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The injuries were several superficial lacerations of the left knee and patella area.
\par 
\par In the circumstances of this case I award general damages to the second plaintiff in the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $2000.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 two thousand dollars}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 ) 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 To third plaintiff
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Bearing in mind the doctor\rquote s report on the third plaintiff I award her the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $1500}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 One thousand five hundred dollars}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
) by way of general damages.
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 To fourth plaintiff
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Injuries to the plaintiff was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 to right arm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 ankle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
There was fracture of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 right humerus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 right fibula}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Bearing in mind the nature of the injury I award general damages in the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $15,000.00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Fifteen thousand dollars}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 ).
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 SPECIAL DAMAGES
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Special damages are accrued and ascertained financial loss (per }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Edmund Davies}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 L.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Cutler v Vauxhall Motors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  1971 1 Q.B. 418 at 426) which the Plaintiffs have incurred.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Subject to what I say hereafter unless agreed by the parties special damages should be expressly pleaded.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 They must be claimed specially and proved strictly.
\par 
\par The absence of receipts and other acceptable evidence have variously been dealt with by the Courts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
Where there have been agreements there is no problem.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 However, it is proper to make a calculation based on sufficient evidence.
\par 
\par On this aspect I note the following statement of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Palmer J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Narendra Kumar f/n Shiu Kumar and Sairusi Drawe}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  (Action No. 60/89 at p.12):
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \'93
Notwithstanding that not a single receipt has been produced in evidence I am satisfied from the Plaintiff\rquote s evidence that he paid those amounts and I propose to allow the sum of $255 accordingly.\'94
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Some Courts have taken a very hard line like in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Mahendra Naidu s/o Adiappa and Ravindra Patel s/o Motibhai Patel }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 C.A. No. 105/99 (West Div) where }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Williams J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  said:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \'93
No receipt or evidence has been tendered to show that hospital fees amounted to $50.00 and I do not accept that figure.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
I am unable to guess what it would be and I do not allow it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
As Lord Goddard and the F.C.A. have pointed out claimants are expected to call evidence supporting their claims and not simply to say this is what I have paid or suffered in losses expect to be awarded those sums\'94.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par The Fiji Court of Appeal in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Tacirua Transport Company Limited and Virend Chand f/n Ragho Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 (Civ. App. No. 33/94) went to the extent of commenting on the desirability of strict proof when it said at p.3 that:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \'93Whi
le we realise that the Judge was endeavouring to give some recognition of the fact that the Respondent must have been put to some expense, we are unable to see how there was any basis for him to make the award that he did.\'94
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Bearing in mind the above observations I award \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 special damages}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \rquote  to the respective plaintiffs despite absence of receipts.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 To first plaintiff
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The plaintiff had to go to hospital for treatment by taxi and had to pay for treatment there.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 He has not produced any receipts for this expenditure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
I therefore had to assess it on the evidence and what I consider reasonable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
Because he earned more in wages as he worked overtime before the accident, I accept that he has incurred loss in earnings.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 To the first plaintiff I assess special damages amounting to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $9,900.00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  
\par being made up as follows: medical ($400.00), transport ($100.00), $9,400.00 being loss of earnings $100 per week from 30.10.98 to 8.9.2000 (94 weeks).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 I disallow claim for medical report ($5.00) and police report ($22.00).
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par To second plaintiff
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par I allow the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $150.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  being made up of hospital and transport expenses ($100.00), medicine ($50.00);}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 I disallow claim of $5.00 for Medical Report.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 To third plaintiff
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 I allow the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $100.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 being for hospital and transport $50.00 and medicine $50.000, but disallow for medical report ($5.00).
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 To the fourth plaintiff
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The plaintiff was hospitalised for a month.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
She is unable to do all the housework which she was doing before as her right hand has become very weak.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 There is no evidence b
efore me to support the claim of costs of future nursing care.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
In this regard I refer to the following passage from the judgment of Court of Appeal in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Rothmans Pall Mall (Fiji) Limited v Edward Narayan}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  (Civ. App. No. 65/953 disallowing claim for future care:
\par 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \'93
With respect His Lordship seems to have been persuaded by speculation rather than proof that such a sum \endash  or indeed any sum \endash  was likely to be required to cover future nursing services.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 There was no claim to this effect and no evidence to support it, and Mr. Sweetman rightly complains that the defendant had no notice of it and no opportunity to contest it\'94.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Although, I am minded to disallow the $10,000.00 claim under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 costs of future care}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 , I will, bearing in mind the disability she suffers and will suffer in future for which care may be needed I allow an ex gratia payment of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $2000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 .
\par 
\par I also allow by way of special damages the sum of $180 for transport and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $300 for medicine.
\par 
\par The total for special damages therefore is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $2480.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 .
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 INTEREST
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 There is a claim for interest and this has been pleaded as required (vide }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Usha Kiran v Attorney-General of Fiji }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 F.C.A.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 25/89 and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Attorney-General of Fiji v Waisale Naicegulevu}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 FCA 22/89).
\par 
\par The plaintiffs are therefore entitled to interest on general and special damages.
\par 
\par It was held in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Pickett and British Rail Engineering Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 (1980) H.L. 136 at 137, which was a case of personal injuries, that \'93interest on general damages was awarded for the purpose of compensating a plaintiff for being kept out of the capital sum between the date of service of the writ and judgment \'85
\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 As for interest on special damages it was held in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
Jefford and Another v Gee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  1970 2 WLR 702 at 703 that \'93in general interest should be allowed on special damages from the date of accident to the date of trial at half the appropriate rate
\'94. 
\par 
\par In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Rothmans}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  (supra) at p.8 there was some discussion on the date the interest at 4% should start.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 It went as follows:
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \'93
His Lordship awarded it from the date of the accident but Mr. Sweetman informed us that Fiji practice is
 to take the date the proceedings were issued as the starting date, and we did not understand Mr. Shah to disagree, although he said there were cases when by agreement it ran from the accident date.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Mr. Sweetman referred us to the decision of the House of Lords in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Wright}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 v British Railway Board}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 [1932] 2 All ER 698, in which the date of commencement of the proceedings was taken.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 There are arguments for selecting either date.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Counsel did not dispute that interest was a matter in the discretion of the trial ju
dge and we are not disposed to interfere with his decision that it should run from the date of injury to the date of trial.\'94
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par Under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 section 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions (Death and Interest) Act Cap.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
 there is discretion in the Court to fix rate of interest which should be paid.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 The section provides (inter alia):
\par 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \'933.\tab 
In any proceedings tried in the High Court for the recovery of any debt or damages the court may, if it thinks fit, order that there shall be included in the sum for which ju
dgment is given interest at such rate as it thinks fit on the whole or any part of the debt or damages for the whole or any part of the period between the date when the cause of action arose and the date of the judgment:
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Provided \'85\'85\'85 \'85\'94
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 There will be interest on general damages at 4% as claimed from the date of writ (13 October 2000) to date of judgment [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 
AG & Anor v. Jainendra Prasad Singh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363  Civ. Appeal FCA ABU001.19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 98A; 21.5.99).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Also interest is awarded on special damages from the date of accident to date of judgment at 2% [Jefford v Gee] supra, cited with approval in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 A.G. v Charles Valentine}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363  (Civ. App. ABU0019.1998S FCA, 28.8.98).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 ORDER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par 
\par I summarize the awards, interest and costs as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 (a)\tab General damages\tab \tab \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 $}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 (total for all four plaintiffs)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 \tab \tab 30,500.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls19\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 Special damages}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 

\par }\pard \s16\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 (all plaintiffs)\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 12,630.00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls19\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Interest on General Damages
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 at 4% [f}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 rom 12.10.2000 (date of writ)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par to 2.4.04 (date of judgment)]\tab \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 4,100.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls19\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Interest on Special Damages at 2%
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 [from 10.10.98}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 (date of accident) to
\par 2.4.04}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 (date of judgment)]\tab \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 1,420.00
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 (e)\tab Costs\tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 \tab \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638164  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 750.00
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab  ________
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363 $\tab 49,400.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab  ________
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 
\par There will therefore be judgment for the plaintiffs against the defendants for the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 $49,400.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164  (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 forty-nine thousand four hundred dollars}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 ).
\par 
\par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4864363 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 D. Pathik
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid6638164 Judge
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6638164 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4864363\charrsid4864363 At Suva
\par 2 April 2004
\par }}