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{\vern16391}}\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1800\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\rsidroot12012706 \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LAUTOKA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706\charrsid12012706 Civil Action}{\b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706\charrsid12012706 HBC0272.}{\b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 20}{\b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706\charrsid12012706 00L \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 ANZ Banking Group Ltd \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14558013 {\b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558013\charrsid14558013 Appellant}{\b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706\charrsid14558013 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14558013 {\b0\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558013\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5854783 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5854783 v-}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706\charrsid5854783 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\b0\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Buckley \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14558013 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558013 Respondent}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558013\charrsid12012706 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Fiji Hi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 gh Court, Lautoka}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par 14 February, 5 Octob}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 er 2001}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 14 October 2004}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par Gates J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid5854783 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706\charrsid12012706 JUDGMEN}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 T \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Summary judgment Ord. 14; claim arising out of default on pers onal guarantee of bank loan; burden on defendant to satisfy court of genuine issue which ought to be tried Ord. 14 r.3(1); leave granted to defendant to file affidavit in opposition; no affidavit filed; rare for court to find burden discharged without aff i davit; sufficient facts and particulars to be provided; genuine defence; need to consider statement of defence, albeit absence of affidavit; adequate particulars and only occasionally corroborative evidence required; varying circumstances; is there a fair or reasonable probability of the defendant having a real or bona fide defence? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid8068040 Mr Ronald Gordon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 for Plaintiff \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid8068040 Mr K.F. Muaror}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 for the Defendant \par \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5854783\charrsid5854783 [1]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5854783 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The plaintiff, the ANZ Bank, lent money to a company which then defaulted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The defendant stood as one of the guarantors of the loan to a limit of $70,000 exclusive of interest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 After failing to respond to a Notice of Demand, the defendant was sued by the bank on the guarantee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The bank now proceeds by summons for summary judgment under Order 14 of the High Court Rules. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid14558013 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Such an application has to be made by summons supported by an affidavit verifying the facts on which the claim is based.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The deponent must state his belief that there is no defence to the claim [Order 14 r.2].}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Bharat Kumar, who was acting Manager Asset Management for the bank has done all of this in his affidavit. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid14558013 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Mr Kumar deposed that on 19 March 1997 the defendant executed a guarantee to secure the credit facilities for the company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The company went by the ill-fated name of Enormous Investments Ltd.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 On 10 May 2000 by letter solicitors for the bank provided details of the amount owing by the company to the bank after sale of a property held as security.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 A Notice of Demand was served on the defendant on 13 June 2000 which totalled $79,100, and comprised the guarantee limit of $70,000 plus one year}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s interest at the rate of 13% per annum amounting to $9,100.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The guarantee document, the solicitor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s letter, and the demand notice, were all exhibited to the affidavit. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558013\charrsid14558013 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558013 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The statement of claim which accompanied the writ was originally filed against the defendant and one other guarantor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Proceedings were subsequently discontinued against the other guarantor. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid14558013 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The defendant by solicitor acknowledged service.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 This summons was filed on 24 October 2000 and a defence was filed on 16 November 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The next day the court gave leave to the defendant to file an affidavit in opposition.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 No affidavit was filed for the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s counsel filed a written submission, but after several indulgences granted to the defendant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s counsel, no submission was forthcoming in reply on behalf of the defendant. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid14558013 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The burden is cast upon the defendant to satisfy the court that there is an issue or question in dispute which ought to be tried [Order 14 r.3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid536187 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (1)].}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 This can be achieved by affidavit }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 or otherwise to the satisfaction of the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 [Order 14. r4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid536187 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (1)].}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Leave may be given unconditionally or conditionally. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14558013 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid14558013 The lack of a defence affidavit \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558013\charrsid14558013 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14558013 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid15535674 Maganlal Brothers Ltd v L.B. Narayan & Company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (unreported) Fiji Court of Appeal Civil Appeal No. 31 of 1984, 15th November 1984, the Fiji Court of Appeal referred to the summary on this point in Halsbury}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s Laws of England (4th edit.) Vol. 37 at paras 413-415.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In Note 4 to p ara 413 it was stated:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid536187\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid536187 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid536187 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The normal everyday practice is for the defendant to show cause by affidavit, and except in a clear case, it is rare for the court to allow a defendant to show cause otherwise than by affidavit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid536187 [8]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In providing evidence of a defence the defendant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 must condescend upon particulars, and in all cases, sufficient facts and particulars must be given to show that there is a genuine defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 [Halsbury para 413].}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid15535674 Liyakat Ali v Shafiq Ali}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (unreported) Lau toka High Court Civil Action No. 513 of 1986, 29 September 1987, a case where the defendant had filed an affidavit, Dyke J found there was a lack of accurate details set out therein.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The judge found the deponent should have been more explicit in his challenge to the demand notice and that a mere blank denial did not discharge the onus. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid536187\charrsid536187 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid536187 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid15535674 Chandra Latchmaiya Naidu v Carpenters Fiji Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (unreported) Fiji Court of Appeal Civil Appeal No. 48 of 1999, 27 November 1992 the Court of Appeal accepted the judge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s criticism of a lack of an affidavit but said the judge had fallen into error by not considering the defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The court said: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7626837 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 A statement of defence may be a sufficient mode of showing cause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626837\charrsid7626837 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626837 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In that case the statement of defence alleged that the guarantee had been revoked by notice in writing in accordance with clause 4 of the memorandum of guarantee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The guarantee was said to have been revoked in 1989 whilst the goods had been supplied in 1990 and 1991.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 If correct, this was clearly a substantial answer to liability and the court considered that an issue of such substance ought to be heard at trial, never mind the lack of an affidavit. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 But sometimes the court needs something more than mere assertion. It requires a sufficiency of information or detail in order to find that there is a genuine and substantial issue to be heard.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid8529963 Venkat Sami Naidu v D. Chand Brothers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid3807536 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 unreported) Fiji Court of Appeal Civil Appeal No. 9 of 1989, 23 March 1992 the court found there was a lack of basic facts provided in the appellant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s (defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s) affidavit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The court said (at p.5):}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3807536\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3807536 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Without any evidence of that kind there was nothing to inform the Court that this was a genuine issue to be tried.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The mere assertion of the Appellant was far from sufficient.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [12]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The Supreme Court Practice for 1997 sets out the requirements of the defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s affidavit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Besides particulars, the affidavit must }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 deal specifically with the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s claim and affidavit, and state clearly and concisely what the defence is, and what facts are relied upon to support it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (para 14/3-4/4).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 General denials are not sufficient: }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 Wallingford v Mutual Society}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (1880) 5 App. Cas. 685 at p.704. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [13]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706\charrsid7626837 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The defendant must go further.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 He }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 must satisfy the court that he has a fair or reasonable probability of showing a real bona fide defence, i.e.: that his evidence is reasonably capable of belief (per Ackner L.J. in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid8529963 Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas (Suisse) S.A. v de Naray}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 [1984] 1 Lloyd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s Rep. 21, 28.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 See also per Bingham L.J. in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid8529963 Bhogal v Punjab National Bank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 [1988] 2 All E.R. 296, 303; }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid8529963 Standard Chartered Bank v Yaacoub}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 [1990], C.A. Transcript No. 699 per Lloyd L.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626837 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 The Statement of Defence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid3807536 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626837\charrsid7626837 [14]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626837 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The defendant pleads that there were four guarantors in all, though he admits that each guaranteed the monies }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 individually}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 He states the monies were the joint responsibility of the guarantors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 From this he concludes and asserts that the defendant is responsible for one-fourth only of the monies now owing by the company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 No facts are given, no evidence advanced, to support such a claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14047226 Without more however}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 , clause 8 of the guarantee document exhibited by the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s deponent seems to dispose of any suggestion that the guarantors were not jointly and severally liable to the bank. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The defendant admits he received the demand notice, but says he has justifiable cause to withhold payment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 One of the reasons given is that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 the plaintiff as mortgagee, owed the 1st defendant as mortgagor, a duty to account to the 1st defendant \'85}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 for the sale of the property NL 24345.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 No facts or evidence are given of this vague claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The defendant provides no evidence that he was the mortgagor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The plaintiff submits it was the company who was the mortgagor.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The solicitor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s letter exhibited by the plaintiff of 15 May 2000 gives details of the loan balance after deduction of the proceeds of sale.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 There is no evidence of any letter from the defendant seeking any further particulars of such sale, had they been required. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626837\charrsid7626837 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626837 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Such allegations at the Order 14 stage were aptly dealt with by Vice-Chancellor Megarry in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7488863 The Lady Anne Tennant v Associated Newspapers Group Ltd}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 [1979] FSR 298 when his lordship said: \par \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7626837 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 A desire to investigate alleged obscurities and a hope that something will turn up on the investigation cannot, separately or together, amount to sufficient reason for refusing to enter judgment for the plaintiff.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 You do not get leave to defend by putting forward a case that is all surmise and Micawberism}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 . \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [17]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 That comment was cited by the Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7488863 Waterhouse and Waterhouse v Waterhouse Group}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (unreported) Court of Appeal Fiji, Civil Appeal No. ABU0047.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3807536 20}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 02S, 30 May 2003 at p.13, and the court went on to say: \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7626837 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 It is not sufficient for a defendant to make an allegation of an impropriety or a deficiency without any evidence and then seek a taking of accounts in the hope that something favourable to the defendant might turn up.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The defendant gives two further reasons for justifying the withholding of payment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 First he states the debt }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 should have been largely, if not completely extinguished through the sale of \'85 NL 24345}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 This is another vague assertion without essential detail.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The pleading does not join issue merely by hinting a miscalculation of the reduced balance after the sale. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Second it is said the sale was made at a below market price.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Again, no basis for this claim is given, nor any details of the sale price reached or a contrary valuation exhibited in evidence. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626837\charrsid7626837 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626837 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The defendant denies that his liability under the guarantee document was limited to $70,000 and denies interest is chargeable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 There being no evidential contradiction, clause 13 of the exhibited document clearly disposes of that denial. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Finally the statement of defence says the defendant does not owe the plaintiff the monies claimed and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 puts the plaintiff to strict proof thereof.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 This paragraph does not add any credibility to the defence, nor set up any other basis for a line of defence. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626837 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 Conclusion \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Further details of the mortgagee sale were divulged in the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s counsel}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 s submission.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 However I ha ve to disregard them, since they should have been verified in affidavit form and not left to the submission.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 No doubt this was done in order to answer the statement of defence, since there was no affidavit in opposition filed to which a reply by further affidavit could be made.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In such circumstances, it would have been proper to have permitted the plaintiff to file an additional affidavit to address issues raised in the defence to correct misstatements of fact. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The situation here is far less convincing of the existence of an arguable defence than that of }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7488863 Natawawa and Sadole v National Bank of Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (unreported) Court of Appeal Civil Appeal No. ABU0057.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3807536 19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 99S, 17 May 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In that case the two appellants had guaranteed advances to a company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The guarantors resisted summary judgment proceedings by filing an affidavit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The affidavit raised sufficiently credible facts of the existence of a trade practice concerning the ordering of chemicals and the issuance of letters of credit to an overseas seller.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The Court of Appeal found that the affidavit had raised }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 a trade practice coupled with a fiduciary relationship between the respondent and the company which could be raised as a defence by the appellants as guarantors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (p.3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In that sense, the appellants had discharged the onus. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Usually it is particulars that are required, not corroborative evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 The Court of Appeal continued (at p.4-5):}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626837\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7626837 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 No doubt the provision of particulars is important in identifying an argument and delineating its scope and there may well be occasions when some kind of corroboration is required of the assertions even when set out in such detail as to amount of particul ars. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3807536 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In the end however, the proposition for which Lord Blackburn may be cited is that the Judge must be satisfied that there is a reasonable ground for the defence raised.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 There may be circumstances where this only can be established by providing corroborative evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 But there may also be occasions when an assertion by a defendant is in context sufficient to make it plain to a Judge that there are reasonable grounds for a defence being explored in the ordinary way through an action.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 In }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid3807536 Banque de Paris}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 (supra at p.23) Ackner LJ said: \par \par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7626837 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 the Court must look at the whole situation and ask itself whether the defendant has satisfied the Court that there is a fair or reasonable probability of the defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3807536 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 having a real or bona fide defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11747419 '"}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par From amongst other variations and tests discussed this was the preferred test: }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7488863 National Westminster Bank plc v Daniel}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 [1994] 1 All ER 156 at p.159. \par \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid7626837 [26]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Looking at the whole situation, I am not satisfied the defendant has discharged the onus placed on him in these proceedings.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 I therefore order summary judgment for the plaintiff as prayed in the sum of $79,100 with costs summarily assessed at $1,500. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 A.H.C.T. GATES \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12012706 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 Solicitors for the Plaintiff: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Messrs Gordon & Co., Lautoka \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 Solicitors for the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012706 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024316\charrsid12012706 Messrs Muaror & Co., Suva \par }}