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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Plaintiff
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\par VIKASH REDDY
\par FABIAN CORRIE
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\par Mr. S. Valenitabua for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. F. Haniff for the Defendants
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\par This action was instituted by way of writ of summons dated 9 June 1999 wherein the Plaintiff }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Kaiafa Biu Ledua}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'94) dated 12 January 1999. 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 THE PLAINTIFF\rquote S CLAIM
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 plaintiff claims:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls13\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93$1,167,005 it being commission that the plaintiff wou
ld have earned during the next 14 years prior to his retiring at age 65.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls13\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93
defendants pay damages, whether jointly or severally to the plaintiff for the defamation of his good name and character the quantum of which is to be assessed by this Court.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls13\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93an 
order that the second and third defendants pay damages to the plaintiff for having wrongfully and unlawfully interfered with the plaintiff\rquote s contractual dealing and relationship with the defendant \'85\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls13\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93that defendants pay damages to the plaintiff for mental pain and suffering \'85\'94

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls13\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93that defendants pay exemplary and/or punitive damages \'85\'94 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 BACKGROUND
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Relationship between Plaintiff and Colonial
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par The plaintiff is an insurance agent with 18 years\rquote  experience in this field.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Until the termination of his agency w
ith Colonial he was its sales representative.
\par 
\par Part of the Colonial\rquote s business is to sell to its customers various insurance products.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
These products include life insurance and a special form of insurance called the \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 keyman insurance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \rquote .
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par The relationship between the Plaintiff and Colonial as its sale representative is described, inter alia, in Colonial\rquote s submissions as follows:
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Colonial sells its insurance products through its \'93sales representatives\'94.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Sales Representatives act as agents of Colonial pursuant to written contracts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 It is emphasised that it is not disputed that they }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 are not employees}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  of Colonial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Under their contracts, they have the status of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 independent contractors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Plaintiff and the Defendant entered into such a contract on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 12 January 1999}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 \i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
As agents, sales representatives solicit customers on behalf of Colonial.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Their contracts contain various provisions governing their work as agents of Colonial.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 \i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'85
sales representatives prospect widely, mainly through personal relationships, networking and through making telephone calls on (prospective) clients\'85
 sales representatives do a lot groundwork to secure customers and this is why ethical rules and customs of this trade, protect sales representatives from poaching of their business by other sales representatives.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Agreement (the relevant provisions)
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par The terms of the Agreement included, inter alia, the following relevant provisions:
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Clause 4 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 reads:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The Sales Representative agrees to devote his best endeavours to the performance of his or her 
duty as Sales Representative and agrees to follow and be governed by the terms and conditions of this contract, rate book of the Company, and such rules and regulations for the conduct of its business as the Company has established or may in the future es
tablish whether captured in its rate book or otherwise.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 clause}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  further states that:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The Sales Representative nevertheless as an independent contractor reserves the right to exercise independent judgment as to his or her time, place and manner of solic
iting applications for business, use of his own resources in the performance of the undertaking under this contract, and no provision hereof nor any rule or regulation of the Company shall be construed to abridge this right or create between the parties a
 relationship other than that of principal and independent contractor.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Clause 15:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 In all cases where the sales representative\rquote 
s claim for compensation is disputed or otherwise questionable, the company shall have the right to decide and settle the dispute, and the decision of the company shall be binding and conclusive.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Clause 26 (c)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  which reads (in so far as it is relevant):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The Company may at its absolute discretion terminate this Agreement immediately without notice for any reason whatsoever including (but not limited to):
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (i ) to (v) \'85.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Clause 28:
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Relationship between the Parties}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  - The Sales Representative shall act as an }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 independent contractor}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  and nothing herein contained shall be construed to create between the Company and the Sales Representative the relationship of employer and employee, partnership, joint venture or otherwise.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Clause 31:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Entire Agreement and Variation}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  \endash  This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes all communications, nego
tiations, arrangements, either written or oral, between the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Except as provided for under this Agreement, no agreement or understanding varying or extending this Agreement shall be legally binding upon either party unless in writing and signed by both parties.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 COMPLAINT AGAINST PLAINTIFF
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par The process culminating in the termination of the Agreement began with a complaint against the Plaintiff for \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 twisting}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The complaint was lodged by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Vikash Reddy}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 VR}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 ) (the \lquote second defendant\rquote 
) to his District Manager, Fabian Corrie, as he was the link between sales representatives and Colonial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The nature of the complaint of twisting is as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93Vikash Reddy alleged that he was sales representative of one }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor Spares Limited (UMS)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  on the life of one Victor Dutta, the keyman for UMS.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 VR wrote a Keyman Proposal for UMS.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Plaintiff then intervened and wrote another Keyman Proposal for a second company called }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Unique Motor Repairs Limited (UMR)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  also on the life of Victor Dutta.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
VR allegedly lost out of business and commission because of the Plaintiff\rquote s intervention.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Colonial\rquote s hearing into the complaint
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par On receiving the complaint, Mr. Corrie then forwarded Mr. Reddy\rquote s (VR\rquote s) complaint to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Colonial\rquote s National Sales Manager}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Culden Kamea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
, together with his recommendation that Mr. Reddy be credited with the Plaintiff\rquote s business.
\par 
\par After obtaining some initial advice from colleagues, Mr. Kamea then invited Colonial\rquote s Chief Underwriter, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Joape Kuinikoro}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , and the Sales Administration Manager, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Tevita Waqairawai}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , to form an }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 ad hoc arbitration committee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 to look into the allegations.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 These arbitrators met on 14 January 1999.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff was represented at the meeting by his District Manager, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr Esava Cakau}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 VR was represented by his District Manager, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Corrie}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Victor Dutta}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  was not invited to the meeting.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Colonial\rquote 
s underwriter who assessed the proposal, namely, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Doris Domonatani}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , was the only witness called at the hearing.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Arbitration findings
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 At
 the conclusion of the meeting, Mr. Kamea recorded the arbitrators\rquote  findings in his Memorandum dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 26 January 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
, as follows:
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The \'93Twisting Claim\'94 against KB Ledua is accepted because Vikash Reddy\rquote 
s proposal was already given and with Colonial when KB Ledua brought the letter from Victor Dutta to cancel the proposal through Vikash.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Obviously the proposals through KB Ledua were to replace that through Vikash which is tantamount to twisting\'85
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Further, where KB Ledua instructed Doris Domonatani to use the financial report of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor Spares Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 (which was submitted by Vikash Reddy as part of his Keyman Policy proposal for Victor Dutta) as part of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor Repairs Limited}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  proposal (for which KB Ledua has nominated Victor Dutta for a Keyman Policy), the arbitrators find }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 KB Ledua\rquote 
s actions highly questionable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , bordering on outright deception, given that he did not point out that the two were entirely different companies (with strikingly similar names).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The arbitrators also find the use of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Unique Motor Spares Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  company stamp on the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor Repairs Limited}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  proposal submitted by KB Ledua as highly questionable but based on the evidence at hand, the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
arbitrators could not fully determine whether there was outright intent to deceive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
It is also the finding of the arbitrators that Vikash Reddy had made substantial progress with Victor Dutta in terms of having him undertake the necessary medical tests and sign up of a proposal form until an abrupt ending which coincided with KB Ledua
\rquote s arrival on the scene and subsequent lodging of his proposals shortly after along with the letter from Victor Dutta.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 PLAINTIFF\rquote S RESPONSE
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par Following this the Plaintiff was given 14 days to respond in writing to these findings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Plaintiff did this by letter dated }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 10 February 1999 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (exhibit 14).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 It states, inter alia, that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93(a)\tab Your heading }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 facts of the case no. 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , I do not agree with you that }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Unique Motor Spares Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  stamp was used on the proposal form.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The reason being that }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor Repairs Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  was ready then, and our intention was to cross off the word \'93Spares
\'94 and be replaced by the word \'93Repairs\'94 but }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 somehow}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 we missed that and there was no intention at all to deceive the underwriter.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 (b)\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Your }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 facts of the case no. 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , is misleading because at no time (had)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 I brought any cancellation letter from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Victor Dutta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 (c)\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 As for your }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 findings no. 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , I wish to draw your attention to the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 letter from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Victor Dutta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
, which is self-explanatory and attached}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 herewith.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 (d)\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Your }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 findings no. 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , is very very misleading, I refer to my previous}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 letter in which I clearly stated that we cannot (use) a company financial report for another company\rquote s use.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 I was expecting a query from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 NB}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 in connection with the financial report for }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Motor Repairs Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 I never at any time instruct }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Doris}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  to use}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor Spares Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  financial report when assessing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 my proposals.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
I only advised her to use the same medical report as it can cover all three proposals.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Just suppose if I had instructed}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 her as she had claimed, one wonders how dishonest and reliable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 she can be in a management post.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 (e)\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 As for your }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 findings no. 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  please refer to my second paragraph of this letter\'85
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 \i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 (f)\tab }{
\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 In conclusion I wish to state here that}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  this is a frame up accusation. }{
\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The fact of the case is that Vikash Reddy could not close the sale for}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor Spares Ltd.
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
After considering, and not being satisfied with the Plaintiff\rquote s response, Colonial then proceeded to terminate its Agreement with the Plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 THE ISSUES
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 It was after the \lquote fact finding\rquote  hearing that the plaintiff\rquote 
s contract was terminated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The plaintiff says that he was wrongfully terminated as there was a }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 breach of contract}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  on the part of Colonial.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The termination letter dated 26 February 1999 is in the following terms:
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Further to my 
memo dated 26 January 1999 regarding the Twisting Claim against you and specifically the findings of the Arbitrators, Colonial hereby terminates its Agency Agreement with you pursuant to clause 26(c) of the Sales Representatives Agreement dated 12 January
 1999.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 You are no longer authorised to procure business on Colonial\rquote s behalf.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Please deliver all Colonial property to Mr Esava Cakau by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 5 pm on Tuesday, 02 March 1999.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par The plaintiff has therefore sued the defendants claiming, inter alia, breach of contract and damages.
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 issues }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
to be considered in this case are as follows (as agreed in the Minutes of the Pre-trial Conference); except for item 4 it was agreed that the trial would be limited to the determination of liability only:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Did the investigations 
by Colonial on 14 January 1999 constitute an arbitration hearing or a fact-finding investigation;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Whether Colonial could determine its contract with the Plaintiff at its own discretion without any reason being given;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Whether Colonial wrongfully terminated its contract with the Plaintiff;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 If the answer to \lquote 3\rquote  above is \'93yes\'94 what damages flow from such breach.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 PLAINTIFF\rquote S SUBMISSION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par For the plaintiff five witnesses testified.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 They were the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  (PW1), }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Inoke Qarau Koroinivalu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  (PW2), }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Panapasa Belena }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (PW3), }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Margaret Sadal}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  (PW4) and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Victor Dutta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  (PW5).
\par 
\par The plaintiff wrote two Proposals for Keyman Policies for a company called }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor Repairs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 UMR}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The 
\lquote Keyman\rquote  was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Victor Dutta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  (VD).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Proposals were dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 28 October 1998}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .
\par 
\par These Proposals were numbered }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 8012705}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 8012706}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  respectively.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Policy owner in both cases was }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 UMR}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  and the life insured was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 VD}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The learned counsel for the plaintiff very clearly and in considerable detail sets out the circumstances leading to the plaintiff\rquote s termination as agent in items 2.2.8 to 2.2.19 of his written submission and I refer to them.
\par 
\par The arbitration hearing took place at the defendant\rquote s office.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
It was presided over by Messrs. Culden Kamea, with Joape Kuinikoro and Tevita Waqairawai.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Kuinikoro was a Chief Underwriter.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Evidence was given by Doras Domonatani \endash  an underwriter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Neither VR nor VD nor the Plaintiff was present at the hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
At the conclusion of the hearing the Plaintiff\rquote s contract was terminated.
\par 
\par Although Victor Dutta (PW5) was not called to the arbitration hearing, PW5\rquote s (VD\rquote s) evidence, inter alia, is as follows (as stated in counsel\rquote s submission):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93that the Plaintiff was his insurance sales representative.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Plaintiff was the insurance agent for the family.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 PW5 stated that he wanted to have a Keyman Insurance Policy for his new company UMR.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 That the Plaintiff was to write the policy for UMR which at the material time was in the process of being incorporated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 PW5 stated that he had no real intention of writing-up a Proposal with Vikash.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 As a result he gave the Cheque for the first premium to the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
PW5 also said that Vikash }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 lied}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  when he stated that the Plaintiff had brought the revocation letter from PW5.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The letter was in fact written by Vikash, signed by PW5 and then brought to Colonial by Vikash.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Vikash later told Fabian that the revocation letter was written by PW5 and was brought to Colonial by the Plaintiff.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 This was the lie.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
PW5 confirmed the Plaintiff\rquote s evidence that a new company UMR was being incorporated and that the Key-man policy was for that new company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The rubber stamp for UMS was used on the UMR Proposals because there was no stamp for UMR at the material time and that the word SPARES was going to be crossed from the Proposals and the word REPAIRS written in its place.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Both the Plaintiff and PW5 over-looked this.\'94}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 It is the plaintiff\rquote 
s contention that the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 termination was wrongful}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 in that correct facts relating to the issue at hand at the material time was not presented to the \lquote arbitration\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Therefore the decision was wrong resulting in the termination being wrong and without any reason being given.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The plaintiff alleges breach of contract.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par The tenor of the Plaintiff counsel\rquote s submissions in respect of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 first issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 is that the meeting of 14 February 1999 was in fact an }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 arbitration hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .
\par 
\par As to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 second issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , Plaintiff\rquote s counsel relies on the meaning and effect of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 clause 26(c)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Agreement}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  which states, inter alia, that: \'93The company may at its absolute discretion terminate this agreement immediately without notice for }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 any reason}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  (including but not limited to)\'85\'94
\par 
\par Counsel argued that no discretion is absolute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He cited the case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Ward v James}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  [1965] 1 All ER 563 where the Court said at 568, that the word}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\'93absolute\'94 either added nothing to \'93discretion\'94 or if it did, was ultra vires.
\par 
\par Counsel argued that in order to exercise discretion, Colonial must hear the Plaintiff fairly as required by the principles of natural justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Discretion, he said, could not have been fairly exercised in the present case because the Plaintiff was not fairly heard.
\par 
\par Mr. Valenitabua also argued that the words \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 for any reason}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'94
 imposed on Colonial an obligation to give correct and valid reasons for its decision to terminate the Agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
He further submitted that a \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 termination without notice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'94
 can be only effected after a proper and fair hearing to determine the correct and valid reasons for terminating the Agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par 
\par Counsel concludes, on the second issue, that Colonial has }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 no}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  absolute discretion to terminate and that Colonial ough
t to have conducted a proper hearing before doing so.
\par 
\par As to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 third issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , the thrust of Mr. Valenitabua\rquote 
s argument is that the findings of the arbitrators and hence the reasons for terminating the Agreement were in fact wrong.
\par 
\par He argued that the basis for terminating the Agreement was for \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 twisting}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'94
 business from a fellow sales representative, namely, Vikash Reddy.
\par 
\par Mr. Valenitabua submitted that Colonial\rquote s insurance policies are numbered in ascending order in accordance with the order in which they are}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 submitted to Colonial\rquote s underwriter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He argued that since the Plaintiff
\rquote s proposals were numbered }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 8012705}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 8012706}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , it followed that they were in fact received as \'93new business\'94 before Mr. Reddy\rquote s proposal numbered }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 8012735}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .
\par 
\par Dealing with this aspect of Policy numbers I notice that the evidence reveals that the two proposals on VD were signed on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 28}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .10.98 for $240,000 and $210,000 respectively.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The proposer\rquote 
s name on these two proposals was UMR Ltd and they carried the stamp of UMS Ltd.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 These proposals w
ere brought by the plaintiff and have been issued.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Accompanying these proposals by plaintiff was a letter from VD that he wanted the proposal by VR cancelled.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
It is to be noted that VR wrote VD\rquote s proposal on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .10.98, that is, before the plaintiff wrote his proposals on }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .10.98.
\par 
\par Counsel submitted that in deciding to terminate the Agreement, the arbitrators had relied in part on a letter dated 2 November 1998 from Victor Dutta to Colonial, cancelling Reddy\rquote s proposal number 8012735 as Dutta stated \'93}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 for reasons unexplained}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'94 as evidence of the Plaintiff\rquote s twisting.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Valenitabua argued however that, although the letter was signed by Mr. Dutta, it was in fact written and delivered to Colonial by Reddy.
\par 
\par Counsel also submitted that \lquote twisting\rquote  is by definition inducement to cancel a policy and that the Plaintiff could not be guilty of twisting Reddy\rquote s business because he did not induce Mr. Dutta to cancel the proposal written by}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Reddy.
\par 
\par Mr. Valenitabua submitted that the Plaintiff had written two proposals for }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Repairs}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  Limited (\'93UMR\'94)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  and that this was a different entity from that which Reddy had written his proposal for, namely, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Spares}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  Limited (\'93UMS\'94)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He argued that technically, therefore, there was no twisting.
\par 
\par Counsel also submitted that at no time did the Plaintiff act deceptively as alleged by Colonial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Plaintiff did not instruct Colonial
\rquote s underwriter, Doris Domonatani, to attach UMS\rquote s Financial Reports to UMR\rquote s proposal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The Plaintiff did however instruct Ms. Domonatani to attach Mr. Dutta\rquote s medical records from the UMS proposal to the UMR proposals but that was only because that medical report was still valid.
\par 
\par He submitted that the use of UMS\rquote s company stamp in UMR\rquote s proposals was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 not meant to deceive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 Colonial but rather to facilitate processing of the proposals.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
He submitted that since UMR had only just been incorporated and did not yet have a company stamp, the Plaintiff used the UMS stamp with the intention of later substituting the word \'93Spares\'94 with \'93Repairs\'94.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Plaintiff however \lquote overlooked\rquote  this.
\par 
\par Mr. Valenitabua also submitted that the Plaintiff had been the Dutta family\rquote s insurance representative for some time and that Mr. Dutta had informed Mr. Reddy that he already had a mutual agreement with the Plaintiff for insurance purposes.
\par 
\par He submitted that Mr. Dutta\rquote s intentions were to take out a Keyman Policy for UMR and not UMS.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Mr. Valenitabua argued that this was why Mr. Dutta had paid the relevant deposits for UMR and not UMS, and this was also why Mr. Dutta cancelled both policies when he learnt they were in UMS\rquote s name. 
\par 
\par Counsel submits in sum that in the circumstances, Colonial failed to convene and conduct a proper and fair hearing and as a result the arbitrators incorrectly concluded that the Plaintiff was guilty of \lquote twisting\rquote .
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 DEFENDANTS\rquote  SUBMISSION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par On the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 first issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
, counsel for the Defendant submitted that it is irrelevant whether the meeting is called an arbitration or a fact-finding hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
He said that the point of the meeting was to find the truth behind the allegations levelled against the Plaintiff.
\par 
\par It was submitted that }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 clause 15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  of the Agreement gave Colonial the right to decide a sales representative\rquote 
s claim for commission.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 In his quest to find the truth, Mr. Kamea sought the assistance of his colleagues.
\par 
\par Mr. Haniff, counsel for Colonial, submitted that the Plaintiff was given the opportunity to be present at the meeting but he chose to be represented by his District Manager, Mr. Cakau.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Counsel also submitted that the Plaintiff was given a further 14 days to respond to the findings of the meeting.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He said that in the circumstances, the Plaintiff had been given ample opportunity to be heard before the decision was made to terminate the Agreement.
\par 
\par As to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 second}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  issue, he submitted that even though it had ample reason to do so, under }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 clause 26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , Colonial did not need to have a good reason to terminate the Agreement.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Counsel said that, construed literally as it ought to be, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 clause 26 (c)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  gave Colonial an absolute and unqualified right to terminate the Agreement for whatever reason it thinks fit.
\par 
\par Counsel cited }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 British Movietonews v London and District Cinemas }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 [1952] AC 166; }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Lloyd v Lloyd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (1837) 2 My & Cr 192 and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
TNT Worldwide Express (NZ) Ltd v Cunningham}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  [1993] 3 NZLR 681 as authorities supporting the Defendant\rquote s submission that clause 26 (c) ought to be construed literally.
\par 
\par Counsel also argued that the case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Ward v James}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 cited by Counsel for the Plaintiff was distinguished from the present circumstances in that it dealt with the exercise of discretion of the Court or a Judge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 In the present case \'93absolute\'94 simply meant unfettered or unrestrained.
\par 
\par He submitted that Colonial did not need to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 give}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 a specific reason to terminate the Agreement, and that the only requirement was that a reason existed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He submitted that Colonial\rquote 
s reason for terminating the Agreement was that it had concluded that the Plaintiff had acted improperly in respect of the two keyman policies, and it had lost its trust in him.
\par 
\par He also submitted that if, in its wisdom, this Court should find that the Plaintiff is entitled to specific reasons for the termination, then this was done in Mr. Kamea\rquote s Memorandum of 26 January, 1999. 
\par 
\par Counsel further submitted that the Agreement does not afford either party any right to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 procedural fairness}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 in terminating the Agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He cited the case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Paul v Mobil Oil NZ Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  [1992] 2 ERNZ 1 as authority to support its claim that Colonial was not required to follow procedural fairness when terminating the Agreement.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Counsel argued that, in any event, Colonial did follow procedural fairness when dealing with the Plaintiff.
\par 
\par As to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 third issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
, counsel for the Defendant submitted that the Agreement contained an express term of trust and this was breached when the Plaintiff improperly interfered with Reddy\rquote 
s proposal and deceptively provided incorrect information in his proposals; the Plaintiff violated Colonial\rquote s trust in him.
\par 
\par Counsel argued that contrary to the Plaintiff\rquote s submissions, UMR was not incorporated until after the proposals were lodged with Colonial and the Plaintiff either knew about this or was reckless about this essential factor.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He maintains that the Plaintiff had intended to deceive Colonial all along.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Counsel then questioned why the Plaintiff could not simply have waited for UMR\rquote s company stamp to be made before lodging the proposals.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 In the circumstances, counsel challenged the credibility of the Plaintiff\rquote s evidence.
\par 
\par He submitted that evidence at the trial indicated that Mr. Dutta had intended the policies for UMS and not UMR as was submitted by the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Counsel argued that Mr. Dutta had signed receipt of the clearly marked UMS policies and had paid out the premiums from the UMS\rquote s Bank Account.
\par 
\par In the circumstances, counsel argued that Colonial had correctly found the Plainitff guilty of \lquote twistng\rquote  Reddy\rquote s business and the decision to terminate the Agreement was not wrongful.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 DETERMINATION OF THE ISSUES
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par Both counsel provided helpful written submissions.
\par 
\par I have given careful consideration to the whole of the evidence before the Court on all material issues and also to the submissions of both counsel at some length so as to give a complete picture of th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 
e dealings between the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par 
\par In dealing with the three issues stated hereabove one has to keep in mind the provisions of the Agreement between the plaintiff and Colonial.
\par 
\par There is no doubt that there was a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 contractual relationship}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  between the plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 and Colonial as per the said }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 clauses 26(a), 28 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 31 of the Agreement.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 First issue
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par On the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 first issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  of whether the investigations by Colonial constituted an arbitration hearing or a fact-finding }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 investigation it is immaterial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par 
\par The members of the meeting were constituted for the purposes of determining the truth behind the allegations levelled against the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
In this sense it was a fact-finding investigation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
However, in all the circumstances, the meeting was conducted in a manner more conducive to a hearing than a mere investigation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Colonial
\rquote s own Memorandum dated 26 January 1999 stated that it was an arbitration hearing.
\par 
\par As Mr Haniff submitted, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Kamea }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
sought the advice from experienced personnel within Colonial on the best way to deal with VR\rquote s complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Those who advised him were Colonial\rquote s Chief Underwriter, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Joape Kuinikoro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  as well as Colonial\rquote s 
Sales Administration Manager, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Tevita Waqairawai}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The views of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Cakau}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mr. Corrie}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 , the District Managers of V.R and plaintiff Ledua respectively were also sought.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Also present at the meeting as a witness was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Ms. Doris Domonatani}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  who was the underwriter who assessed the three proposals lodged by the plaintiff and V.R.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Also present were Mr. Corrie who represented VR and Mr. Cakau who}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
represented the plaintiff.
\par 
\par I agree with the Defendant\rquote s submission on the point that if the Agreement does not specifically require procedural fairness, then no such obligation should be implied into it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Paul v Mobil Oil NZ Limted }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 [1992] 2 ERNZ 1 }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Fisher J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  stated at page 12:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93
My conclusion is that at least in the circumstances of this case\'85 and in probably all other cases, the }{\i0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 hirer of an independent contractor}{
\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'85 may terminate the contract without observing any requirements of procedural fairness beyond those stipulated in the contract itself.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 
 }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The hirer takes the risk that if it terminates unilaterally under a mistake of facts the contract or the law, it will be liable for breach of contract.}{
\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
But if the facts objectively considered do confer a substantive right to terminate, there will generally be no justification for impeaching the termination upon the ground that procedures not referred in the contract itself has not been satisfied.\'94

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par However, all in all I find that Colonial had given the plaintiff a fair opportunity to be heard on the complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The Plaintiff was invited to be heard at the arbitration hearing }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 was 
then given a further 14 days to respond to the findings of the arbitrators, which he did.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
In all the circumstances, Colonial had conducted itself fairly when dealing with the Plaintiff.
\par 
\par Whether Colonial came to a right decision on facts and law is something which I shall deal with in the next \lquote two issues\rquote .
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Second issue
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par I now deal with the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 second issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 of whether Colonial could determine its contract with the Plaintiff at its own discretion without any reason being given. 
\par 
\par It is clause }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 26(c)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 which deals 
with the aspect of termination of contract and it is clear and unambiguous.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The clause states, inter alia, that: \lquote 
the company may in its absolute discretion terminate this agreement immediately without notice and for any reason\'85.\rquote 
\par 
\par In the case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Lloyd v Lloyd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 cited by Defendant\rquote s counsel, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Lord}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Cottenham LC}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  stated at 102 that:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
If the provisions are clearly expressed and there is nothing to enable the court to put upon them a construction different from that which the words import, no doubt the words must prevail\'85
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par In the circumstances, I find that clause }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 26(c)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 does in fact confer on Colonial an absolute discretion the right to terminate the Agreement for whatever reason it thinks fit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
It stands to reason that the only requirement is that a good reason must exist to terminate.
\par 
\par The true interpretation of the contract has to be found in the agreement itself and as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Cooke P}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  at 687 said in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 TNT v Worldwide Express (NZ) Ltd v Cunningham}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  [1993] 3 NZLR 681:
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93In the end, when the contract is wholly in writing, it is 
the true interpretation and effect of the written terms on which the case must turn.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par Mr. Haniff referred the Court to the following passage from the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Casey J }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 in TNT (supra at 695):
\par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s22\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93The parties signed a written contract and it can be assumed 
they were working in accordance with its terms.}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
On ordinary principles of construction their intention about the nature of their relationship is to be arrived at from a consideration of the contents of that document read in light of all the surrounding facts at the time of its execution.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par As submitted hereabove, I also find that the case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Ward v James}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  cited by the Plaintiff\rquote 
s counsel is distinguished from the present case as it does not provide any weight to the argument that such a restriction exists in the exercise of discretion of parties under written contract.
\par 
\par I disagree with the defendant\rquote s counsel\rquote s submission that the court does not need to go beyond the words of clause 26(c) to ascertain what was intended.
\par 
\par The Court has to interpret that clause looking at the facts and circumstances of this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
It cannot be said here that there was no reason to terminate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
It was in the light of the said findings by Colonial after the said hearing that decision was reached to terminate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Although it does not sta
te in the agreement that there has to be procedural fairness and natural justice, the Colonial I find did observe these aspects.
\par 
\par The question now before the Court is whether the termination was proper or not which is the third issue in this case.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Third issue
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 third issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  is whether Colonial wrongfully terminated th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 
e Agreement with the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par 
\par It is clear from the evidence that the contract was terminated when Mr. Culden Kamea, the National Distribution Manager came to the following conclusion after the \lquote Arbitration\rquote  hearing:
\par 
\par K.B. Ledua\rquote s actions throughout this saga demonstrate a blatant disregard of the minimum professional and ethical standards expected of a Colonial Sales Representative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Particularly one as experienced as he is.
\par 
\par The fact that 
the financial report of one company, Unique Motors Spares LTD, was used (unwittingly by the underwriter) as supporting documentation in considering the proposal of another company, Unique Motor Repairs LTD, effectively invalidates the proposal of the seco
nd company and therefore renders the corresponding issued Policies on the life of Victor Dutta, invalid also.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 Based on the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Findings and Conclusion of the arbitrators and the existing Business Rules and Regulations of Colonial regarding \'93Twisting
\'94 the following decisions will apply:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 K}{
\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 B Ledua\rquote s service with the company is suspended, effective immediately, during which he has 14 days to show why his service should not be terminated at the end of his suspension.

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Vikash Reddy is given 14 days to make good the Policy on the life of Victor Dutta and so benefit from the subsequent Debit/Credit Claim to his favour, failing which the said Policy shall be cancelled.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The Sales Representatives Agreement (the \lquote Agreement\rquote )
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par The law recognizes a number of different categories of workers, including servants, employees, independent contractors, agents and partners.
\par 
\par In this case under the agreement in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 clause 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  it is clear that the plaintiff was an \lquote }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 independent contractor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \rquote  and referred to as the \lquote }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 agent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \rquote .
\par 
\par The Sales Representatives Agreement (the \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \rquote 
) sets out, inter alia, the appointment, duties, responsibilities, scope of authority and termination of the Agreement.
\par 
\par I have already set out hereabove some of the relevant clauses in the Agreement pertaining to the issues before me for my consideration.
\par 
\par There is no doubt that the defendant has the right to terminate in accordance with the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 termination clause}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 albeit the plaintiff is an \lquote independent contractor\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The parties have specifically agreed to the terms of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 clause 26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  (caption \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Termination}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \rquote ).
\par 
\par The Agreement sets out the terms of the contract and that determines the rights of the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The following passage from the judgment of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Greer L.J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  in}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 Newsholme Brothers v Road Transport and General Insurance Company Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  [1929] 2 KB 356 at 379 describes the position clearly:
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93
Once a contract is reduced into writing, the writing alone can be looked at as containing the terms of the contract.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Anything said during the negotiations ceases to have any legal validity.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The contract
, and the contract alone, can be looked at in order to determine the rights of the parties.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
This rule is conveniently stated in the late Sir John Salmond\rquote s Principles of the Law of Contracts, edited by Professor Winfield, at pp. 103, 104: \'93Such being the n
ature of a written contract, I proceed to the consideration of a fundamental legal principle which applies to all such contracts, and distinguishes them from all others.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 This principle may be thus formulated:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
In the case of a contract in writing the written instrument is exclusive and conclusive evidence of the terms of the contract.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
It is exclusive evidence, and therefore no other and substituted evidence is admissible as to what these terms are . . . . .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
A written contract is what the written instrument says it is: nothing more, nothing less, and nothing different.\'94}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The paragraph concludes by this citation from Denman C.J. in Goss v. Nugent (1): \'93If there be a contract which has been reduced into writing, verbal evidence is not allowed to be given of what 
passed between the parties, either before the written instrument was made, or during the time that it was in a state of preparat}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 ion, so as to add to or sub}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 tract from, or in any manner to vary or qualify, the written contract.\'94}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par The above statements apply 
not only to the said agreement in writing between the plaintiff and Colonial but also to the contract entered into which is contained in the policy of insurance emanating from the information supplied in the proposal form by the proposer with the assistan
ce of the sales representative (the plaintiff) in this case.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Was there a breach of Agreement?
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par Whether the plaintiff\rquote s contract was lawfully terminated is dependent on whether certain provisions of the agreement were breached or not.
\par 
\par I have already stated hereabove the circumstances leading to the complaint, the arbitration hearing and its findings culminating in the termination of contract.
\par 
\par It is abundantly clear from the evidence, and I do so find as fact that the plaintiff did }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 improperly interfere}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  with
 the complainant VR\rquote s proposal in that, inter alia, when he wrote VD\rquote s proposals on his company UMR, he caused incorrect information to be given about the incorporation and financial statements of the company }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 UMR}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  and stamped them with the company stamp of another company the Unique Motor Spares (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 UMS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 ) in respect of which VR lodged his \lquote proposal\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Thereby resulting ultimately in the complaint of \lquote twisting\rquote  being lodged with Colonial by Mr. Reddy (VR).
\par 
\par The plaintiff tried to explain the circumstances which led to the attachment of the medical and financial reports of UMS to the proposals of UMR lodged by the plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The UMR was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 not even incorporated}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  at that time.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 There was no Certificate of Incorporation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 under the Companies Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He did not come out clean regarding the \lquote 
financial report\rquote  of the UMR proposal at all.
\par 
\par It is interesting to note at this stage that Mr. Valenitabua argued that although it was not pointed out to the underwriter that UMS and UMR were entirely different companies with strikingly similar names, it was the underwriter\rquote 
s duty to check the proposals carefully and properly.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 There is no merit in this argument.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Also, it should be noted that in his letter of 10.2.99 VD wrote to Mr. Kamea that he has \lquote interests in these two companies\rquote  with 50% 
share in UMS & and that UMR is fully owned by him and registered recently.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He said \lquote 
the two companies have separate accounts, separate records and separate office, yet I am managing both companies\rquote .
\par 
\par In cross-examination he was asked how the medical report came to be with the Proposals he wrote.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
At first he denied that he asked the underwriter/Colonial to use it with V R\rquote s proposal but then he said \'93I only advised her to use the same medical report as it can cover all three proposals.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The evidence of Domonitani is that the plaintiff asked her to \lquote use the same medical and financial reports that Vikash had submitted with his proposals\rquote  because he said 
\lquote they were for the same life insured and for the same company\rquote .
\par 
\par On the evidence before me the credibility of the plaintiff is in question.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 It leaves much to be desired.
\par 
\par The plaintiff\rquote s conduct in the manner in which he went about writing the Proposals created a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 violation of trust}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 between him and Colonial and is in breach of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 clause 21}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  of the agreement which in so far as it is relevant states:
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93
Unauthorised Acts: The Sales Representative is without authority to do or perform and expressly agrees not to do, perform or purport to do or perform any of the following acts on behalf of the Company:
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (a)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 to \tab (f) \'85\'85
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 In addition, the Sales Representatives agrees not to:
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s21 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s21\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls10\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 breach any law or rule or regulation in respect of the Company\rquote s businesses;
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (h)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 to}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (l)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'85\'85.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s21 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (m)\tab}}\pard \s21\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls12\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart13\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 commit any criminal acts, fraud, violation of trust; or 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s21 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (n)\tab}}\pard \s21\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls12\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart13\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 bring discredit to the Company;
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (o)\tab \'85..
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 In the event of the occurrence of any of the abovementioned unauthorised acts, }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 whether before or after the termination (refer clause 26 below}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 ) of the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Sales Representative\rquote s appointment}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
, the obligation of the company to pay compensation under any and all contracts of agency between the Sales Representative and the Company shall, if the Company in its sole discretion considers fit cease and terminate immediately.\'94}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (emphasis mine)
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par It is quite obvious on the evidence that the plaintiff knew that V. Dutta had already signed a proposal with VR for UMS.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
He was asked in cross-examination:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \lquote 
so when you returned in September or October (1998) Vikash had signed up Victor (Dutta) for Unique Motor Spares\rquote  he answered \lquote yes\rquote  and said VD had told him this.
\par 
\par By interfering with VR\rquote s proposal the plaintiff had breached }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 section 12(c)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Code of Ethics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
 the observance of which is a condition of every sales agent\rquote s licence under the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Insurance Act 1976}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The said section }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 12 (c)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  provides:
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93In procuring new life business, an agent shall:
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (c)\tab not interfere with any proposal introduced by any other}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 agent.\'94
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par There are other unethical practices on the part of the plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The UMR as I stated above was not even incorporated when the proposals were written up by the plaintiff.
\par 
\par The plaintiff put the UMS stamp on UMR proposals.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He tried to explain why he did that by saying that he had intended to cross off the word 
\lquote Spares\rquote  on the affixed stamp and write the words \'93Repairs\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 But he said \lquote unfortunately, we forgot to do that.\'94

\par 
\par This explanation when looked at in the light of all the facts and surrounding circumstances, for a person with 18 years experience as sales representative, can best be taken with a grain of salt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The plaintiff\rquote s intentions were definitely bad for if the crossing was done he would have run the risk of the Colonial\rquote s underwriting section not accepting his proposals.
\par 
\par I prefer to accept the evidence of Ms Domonitani to that of the plaintiff when she said that plaintiff had told her to use the UMS financial statements and medical reports in the UMR proposals as they were}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 for \'93the same life insured and for the same company\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The plaintiff denied that he told her to do that.
\par 
\par The plaintiff\rquote s financial \lquote projection report\rquote  on UMR in the face of the events is full of untruths; he admitted some errors in it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He tried to cast blame on Ms. Domonitani for not raising queries on these matters.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 By not giving a true picture in the proposals and the financial reports the proposer and the agent (plaintiff) have put themselves in a tight situati
on by now having to answer to the allegations of \lquote twisting\rquote  on the part of the plaintff.
\par 
\par I agree entirely with Mr. Haniff that the manner in which the rubber stamp of UMS were placed in a number of places in the proposals gave all the appearance of the UMS proposal.
\par 
\par I find that the plaintiff\rquote s action in writing the proposals were not a straightforward and honest way of behaving towards the Colonial whose sales representative he was albeit an \lquote independent contractor\rquote .
\par 
\par All these factors lead to no other conclusion but than that they constituted \lquote twisting\rquote  on the part of the plaintiff.
\par 
\par Twisting aside,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 I agree with Mr. Haniff that Mr. Kamea\rquote s other ground for terminating the plaintiff\rquote 
s contract was that in view of the plaintiff\rquote s overall conduct in his dealings with Ms. Domonatani and the Company itself, which bordered on deceit he had violated the trust Colonial had placed in him in breach of the said }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 clause 21}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 of the Agreement.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 That trust no longer remained to enable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Colonial to continue the relationship that they enjoyed hitherto and hence the contract had to be terminated.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Was the plaintiff\rquote s termination wrongful?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par 
\par As agreed, one of the issues for determination is whether the plaintiff\rquote s contract was unlawfully terminated.
\par 
\par The answer is in the negative on the facts and circumstances and on the evidence before the Court.
\par 
\par The defendant acted within the provisions of the termination clause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
It had made inquiries on the complaint of twisting, it had an arbitration hearing and arrived at certain findings which did not turn out in favour of the plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The plaintiff was given every opportunity to be heard and/or represented.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
He was represented at the arbitration hearing and was given an opportunity to respond to arbitrators\rquote  findings which he did.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 There was
 procedural fairness and natural justice accorded to him all along.
\par 
\par The question of \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 procedural fairness}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \rquote  was raised in plaintiff\rquote s Counsel\rquote s submission.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Although in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Mallock v Aberdeen Corporation}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  [1971] 1 WLR 1578 at 1581 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Lord Reid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  has said that \'93}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 an empl
oyee who may be dismissed without cause is not entitled to demand reasons from his employer, nor, in the ordinary course, is he entitled to a hearing or any of the normal incidents of natural justice}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'94, the Supreme Court in case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Central Manufacturing Company Limited (Petitioner) v Yashni Kant (Respondent)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  Civil Appeal No. CBV}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 0010 of 2002 \endash  Supreme Court \endash  judgment 24.10.03 said that \'93}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 it does not follow that there is no implied term requiring an employer to deal fairly with an}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 employee when dismissing that employee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'94.
\par 
\par Upholding the Court of Appeal on this aspect, the Supreme Court said \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 that there is an }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 implied term}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  in the modern contract of employment that requires an employer to deal fairly with an employee, even in the context of dismissal.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Each case must depend upon its own particular facts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'94 (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par 
\par In all the circumstances of this case in view of the facts as I have found them and for the reasons stated such termination was not in breach of the provisions of the Agreement nor was it unfair or unreasonable as alleged by the plaintiff.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 CONCLUSION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par To sum up, on the whole of the evidence I find that Colonial has successfully established as its defence that the plaintiff was guilty of \'93twisting\'94 in the sense used in insurance business pertaining
 to the work which the insurance sales representatives are required to do under the Agreement particularly in this case.
\par 
\par As }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Megaw L.J.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 said in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 O\rquote Connor v BDB Kirby & Co (a firm) and another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  [1971] 2 All E.R. 1415 at 1422 
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 A broker who takes it on himself
 to fill in a proposal form for a client owes the client a duty to use such care as is reasonable in all the circumstances towards ensuring that the answers recorded to the questions in the proposal form accurately represent the answers given to the broke
r by the client.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He does not owe a duty to ensure that every answer is correct (see p 1422 e, post).
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par There is no doubt whatsoever that the plaintiff, as Mr. Haniff put it and I agree, was bent on procuring insurance policy for }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Unique Motor Spares Ltd (UMS)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  but he could not do so directly as he was fully aware that the complainant Vikash Reddy (VR) had already completed a Proposal for UMS.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Also the plaintiff could not do so as he was prohibited under the Code of Ethics for it would have been regarded }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3942262 as \lquote twisting\rquote 
 business his way.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par 
\par In the light of what I have found in regard to the use of the financial and medical reports hereabove it is quite obvious that the plaintiff went to great lengths and adopted devious methods in attempting to procure business resul
ting in being hauled up for \lquote twisting\rquote .
\par 
\par In insurance business the \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 form of proposal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \rquote  called the \lquote }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 proposal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \rquote  is an important document which gives the status of the proposer (in this case V. Dutta).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 A lot of detail is covered and the essentials required, inter alia, are the name, address and occupation of the proposer.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
The name may well give an indication as to the sort of persons the insurers are being asked to deal with, for example, a deliberate mis-statement of the name is a very strong indication of fraud\rquote  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 McCormick v National Motor and Accident Insurance Union Ltd }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (1934) 50 TLR 528, CA \endash  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Hals.4th Ed. Vol 25 para 385}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
) .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 These statements have a strong bearing on the plaintiff\rquote s actions in writing up the proposals herein.
\par 
\par In this case the plaintiff had the proposals completed and it was his duty to see that proper and full information is given in them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
This it is quite clear was not done.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 It is to be emphasized that:
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3942262 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93
the information sought by the questions is not exhaustive, this serves to remind the proposer that, notwithstanding his answers to the specific questions, there still remains the common law duty to disclose all material facts.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Even then, of course, immaterial matters need not be disclosed, but anything which a reasonable man would regard as 
material must be stated unless the form of the question indicates that the proposer is at liberty to exercise his own judgment as to this.\'94}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Hals. 4th Ed. Vol 26 para 386)
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid3942262 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 In this regard it is pertinent here to note the scope of agent\rquote s authority in the w
riting up of proposals in the interest of the insurers who rely so much on the agents on the accuracy of the answers to questions in the proposal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 On this aspect it is stated as follows in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Hals. 4th Ed. para 393}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 :
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3942262 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93Further, the agent being the only person 
with whom the proposer can negotiate, he is inevitably the person to whom the proposer turns for advice either as to the meaning of questions in a proposal form which is about to be completed, or as to the sufficiency of answers already given or proposed 
to be given to such questions, and he acts as agent on behalf of the insurers in giving advice on these topics if it is sought.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Accordingly, when such advice has been given the insurers cannot subsequently repudiate the policy on the ground that the answers given are inadequate.\'94
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par Here the plaintiff and the proposer/V Dutta both knew that Reddy had already written out a Proposal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Even Ms. Domonatani was not supplied with the correct and full information.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 The plaintiff did not have to wait for a query from he
r on the contents of the proposals by the plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
It was for the plaintiff to do his work properly as required of him as the sales representative.
\par 
\par In this context the following passage from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Hals 4th Ed. Vol. 26 at para 389}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  on the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 duties of the proposer when completing the proposal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  is apt:
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3942262 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93
In completing, signing and submitting the proposal form the proposer is providing the information on which the insurers act in deciding whether to accept the proposal at all and, if so, at what premium.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 He is therefo
re to be regarded as acting pursuant to his common law duty to make full and frank disclosure of material facts and also, or it may be alternatively, pursuant to stipulations set out in the proposal form which will, if the proposal is accepted, become con
tractual warranties or conditions.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
He must therefore be assiduous to comply with the basic rules which are applicable at this crucial stage, which may be the first step, but is often the last as far as the proposer is concerned, in the negotiations.\'94
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par Both the plaintiff as agent (knowing Reddy had already written out a proposal) and the proposer have failed dismally in regard to this requirement.
\par 
\par There are a number of basic rules applicable to proposal and one of these is:
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3942262 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93No excuse will be accepted for b
eing careless or slipshod or for perpetrating slips of the pen, unless of course the error is so obvious that no one could be regarded as misled.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 If the proposer puts \'93No\'94 when he means \'93Yes\'94 it will not avail him to say it was a slip of the pen; the answer is plainly the reverse of the truth.\'94}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Hals. Ibid para 390}{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 )
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par Therefore for the plaintiff to say that it was intended to substitute the word \'93Repairs\'94 for \'93Spares\'94 on the rubber stamp placed in 4 places on the proposal and then it was not done in this cas
e is not a convincing reason at all for this type of error to be excused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 I find this explanation difficult to accept.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid3942262 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 One other rule which is pertinent and which was not followed here is:
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3942262 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93Any answer given, however accurate and honest at the time it wa
s written down, must be corrected if, up to the time of acceptance of the proposal, anything supervenes to make it inaccurate or misleading.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Hals ibid para 390}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 )
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par To conclude therefore, the actions of the plaintiff as agent in the completion of the propos
als and forwarding them on to Colonial his principal were such that by supplying the incorrect answers in the proposals through the proposer the plaintiff has brought about mistrust on himself as far as the principal/Colonial is concerned.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Insurance law re
quires that full and correct disclosure are important and crucial matters to be paid heed to lest one risks the policy being declared void and of no effect.
\par 
\par Some observations on the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 duties of agents}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  as stated in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
Biggar v Rock Life Assurance Company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  [1902] 1 KB 516 are worth considering for these have a bearing in deciding the issues in this case.
\par 
\par In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Biggar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  (supra) at 524 \endash  525 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Wright J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827  said:
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3942262 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93
I cannot put the doctrine better than in the language of the Supreme Court in New York Life Insurance Co. v. Fletcher (1), at pp. 532-533 of the case referred to, where they are citing from and adopting previous decisions of the Supreme Court.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 They say (speaking of another case): \'93The application was signed without being read.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827 
 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 It was held that the company was not bou
nd by the policy; that the power of the agent would not be extended to an act done by him in fraud of the company and for the benefit of the insured, especially where it was in the power of the assured by reasonable diligence to defeat the fraudulent inte
nt; that the signing of the application without reading it or hearing it read was inexcusable negligence; and that a party is bound to know what he signs.\'94
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par Then speaking of the agent\rquote s conduct they say at 525:
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3942262 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 \'93His conduct in this case was a gross violati
on of duty, in fraud of his principal, and in the interest of the other party.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
To hold the principal responsible for his acts, and assist in the consummation of the fraud, would be monstrous injustice.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9130827  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
When an agent is apparently acting for his principal, 
but is really acting for himself or third persons and against his principal, there is no agency in respect to that transaction, at least as between the agent himself, or the person for whom he is really acting, and the principal . . . .\'94
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par In the outcome, for these reasons on the facts as found by me the plaintiff has failed to establish his case and what has happened, namely termination, was not in breach of the Sales Representatives Agreement as alleged by the plaintiff.
\par 
\par The plaintiff\rquote s action against the defendants is therefore dismissed with costs which is to be taxed unless agreed.
\par 
\par }\pard \s21\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3942262 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 D. Pathik
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 Judge}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid9130827 
\par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9130827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589368\charrsid3942262 At Suva
\par 27 September 2004
\par }}