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\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
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\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 THE STATE
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\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 v.
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\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 LAND TRANSPORT AUTHORITY
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\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 FIJI TAXI UNION, SUVA CARRIER OPERATORS}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  ASSOCIATION
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\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 APPLICANTS
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Mr. H. Nagin}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 For the Applicants
\par Mr. J. Apted -For the Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 JUDGMENT
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\par The Land Transport Act generated immense controversy during the period immediately preceding its promulgation as law.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Its application has continued to provide a fair amount of litigation.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 This is a judicial review application.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
It was agreed by the parties that the application for leave in view of the urgency of the matter be treated as hearing of the substantive motion for judicial review to save time and so the court could give a decision as quickly as possible.}{
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There are three applicants who seek leave to apply for judicial review of the two decisions of the Land Transport Authority:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Decision under Regulation 23 of the Land Transport (Registration an
d Construction) Regulations 2000 to require owners of taxis, mini buses, licensed carriers, hire and rental cars to change registration plates to yellow (the Number Plate Decision); }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 and}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Decision under Regulation 50 of Land Transport (Public Service Vehicl
es) Regulation 2000 to give twelve months notice to all owners of taxis, rental cars, hire cars, carriers and mini buses that it would not issue licences unless they complied with certain restriction as to age, engine capacity and air-conditioning (Age an
d Construction decision).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
The details of the two decisions were published by advertisement in the newspapers and the licence plate decision was also published in the Fiji Gazette.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The reliefs which the applicants are seeking are an order of certiorari to r
emove the said decisions of the Land Transport Authority (LTA) by which it purported to change the number plates and the age and construction requirement for public service vehicles and secondly a declaration that the Land Transport Authority has acted co
ntrary to the rules of natural justice and/or unfairly, irrationally and arbitrarily and for abusing its discretion and/or exceeded its jurisdiction and/or acted in breach of legitimate expectations.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The grounds for relief are quite voluminous and I am not setting them down.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The applicant\rquote s case is that the decision is fundamentally flawed on a number of grounds.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Any one of those grounds, if established, by any one of the three applicants, would be sufficient to render the authority\rquote 
s decision unlawful.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 I shall deal with the points in the following order}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 :
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
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\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Ultra vires in respect of Age and Construction Decision
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Ultra vires in respect of Number Plate Decision
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Unreasonableness/Irrationality
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Legitimate expectation
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Locus Standi/Capacity
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Non Disclosure.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 ULTRA VIRES}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  (AGE and CONSTRUCTION)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
It is axiomatic that a public or a statutory authority which derives its existence and its powers from a statute cannot lawfully act outside those powers.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Mr. Nagin in his submissions said that his principal argument was that the LTA exceeded its jurisdiction and by its decision has usurped the powers of the Minister.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
He submitted the powers of making regulations lay with the Minister and the LTA was only an enforcement agency under the scheme of Land Transport Act and various regulations made under it.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Mr. Apted submitted that the court has to carefully look at the Land Transport Act and see whether the Parliament has given the Minister powers to make regulations and whether the Minister has given authority to LTA to make regulations.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 He said the Parliament has given broad powers to LTA under sections 8 and 9 of the Act.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 He submitted the court has to consider the context in which the LTA operated.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 He submitted that the paramount interest is the public interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The applicants are mere service providers.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par Both counsels drew court\rquote s attention to relevant sections of the Act and various regulations.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The LTA is established under section 6 of the Land Transport Act.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Section 8 outlines the functions of the Authority.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Its functions ar
e to devise and carry out measures for improvement of passenger transport, to ensure provision for adequate passenger transport, to ensure road safety and to do anything incidental to those functions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Section 9 deals with powers of the Authority.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It reads}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\tx1418\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 \'939. \endash \tab }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 (1)\tab The Authority may, subject to this Act and to any directions given to it by the Minister under section 10 \endash 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16413262 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 (a)\tab regulate and control all or any means of land transport;}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 (b)\tab 
take such steps and to do all such acts, matters, and things as it may think necessary or desirable for effecting the co-ordination of road transport services, and the improvement of the means of, and facilities for, road transport;
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 (c)\tab 
appoint in writing authorised officers for all or particular purposes of this Act;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid16413262 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 (d)\tab 
do all things necessary or convenient to be done for or in connection with, or incidental to, the exercise of its powers or the performance of its functions under this Act or any other Act.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 This section does not give the authority power to make regulati
ons or anything that has the substantive effect of regulations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The key words are }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 subject to this Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  and any directions given by the Minister.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
The power to make regulations is vested in the Minister by virtue of section 113 of the Act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It gives the wide 
spectrum of areas in respect of which }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93
the Minister, after consultation with the authority, may make regulations necessary to give effect to the provisions of this Act, and in particular to prescribe \'85\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It goes on to describe what those various areas are.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The Minister has in the past made regulations and in particular Land Transport (Vehicles Registration and Construction) regulations 2000 \endash 
 Legal Notice 59 of 2000 and Land Transport (Public Service Vehicles) regulations 2000 \endash  Legal Notice 61 of 2000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It is the Minister who has powers to make regulations }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93to prohibit or restrict the use of vehicles the construction or use of which is unsafe or annoying to other}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 road users\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Section 113(2)(p) and }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93prescribe requirements affecting the safety, serviceability
 and comfort of public service vehicles, including requirements relating to vehicle age, engine size \'85\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Section 113(4)(f).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Under the Act these are matters that are within the powers of the Minister to regulate upon.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Only the Minister can make regulations regarding these matters.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Mr. Apted submitted that the age and construction decision was taken by the LTA pursuant to Regulation 50 of the Land Transport (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations 2000 which provides}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93The Authority may give written notice of not less than \endash 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 (a)\tab in the case of a road service vehicle \endash  24 months; or}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid16413262 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 (b)\tab in the case of a public service vehicle other than a road service vehicle \endash  12 months,
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
to the owner of a public service vehicle that the construction, age, engine capacity or other condition of the vehicle is such that the authority will no longer permit the vehicle to be licensed as a public service vehicle.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The age and construction decision covers four aspects \endash 
 age, engine capacity, driver identity and air conditioning.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Th
e LTA in its affidavit sworn by Naisa Tuinaceva from paragraph 9 onwards has outlined the factors it took into account to promote safety, comfort and environmental factors in reaching its decision. It showed how reconditioned vehicles using re-conditioned
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 or re-cycled parts are used in taxis and it is not possible to detect these during annual licensing times.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The reasons given are extremely convincing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 However the issue is can the Authority rely on Regulation 50 to do what it proposes to do in a general way.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The LTA has not made a regulation but the effect of the published decision is that normally found in regulations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Regulation 50 deals with matters related to condition of a vehicle.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 I cannot see how drivers\rquote  identity can be brought under this regulation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Secondly it deals with giving }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 notice to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  an owner.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
It applies to those situations where the LTA, after examination conducted of its own initiative or as a result of a complaint by member of public, has found the vehicle for one reason or another unsuitable for public service.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 This regulation merely empowers LTA to give notice to an individual owner.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It does not give the LTA powers to launch a general pre-emptive strike against all public service vehicles which is what the age and construction decision sets out to achieve.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Mr. Nagin submitted that the Minister by the Regulations has specified what he considered were adequate requirements for various types of vehicles \endash  Regulation 51 for mini vans, Regulation 52 for omnibuses, Regulation 53 for carriers, reg
ulation 54 for taxis and Regulation 55 for hire cars.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
He said none of the above five regulations imposes any condition as to age, air-conditioning or engine capacity except for hire cars where a minimum engine capacity of 800cc is laid.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 I am of the view t
hat the Minister through the regulations laid the criteria the various public service vehicles must meet before they are granted a licence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The applicants have complied with them and have been issued licences or permits.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 If the Minister feels that for reasons of safety or comfort of travelling public more stringent requirements are necessary, it is for him to make the necessary amendments.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The LTA must try to convince the Minister as to the wisdom of the proposals.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The LTA cannot by itself graft onto regulations some more onerous requirements.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It does not have the powers to do.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It can only do what the legislation has enabled it to do.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
The age and construction requirements as imposed are therefore ultra vires of LTA.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 With the conclusion I have reached, I cou
ld rest the matters in relation to age and construction decision here.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
However in fairness to counsels I shall deal with other grounds they have raised in their submissions.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 ULTRA VIRES}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  (NUMBER PLATES)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Mr. Apted submitted that under Regulation 23(3) the LTA has the powers to change the plates.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 He submits that the Authority has referred to wrong subsection in the notice but that is not fatal.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Mr. Nagin is not raising any objections to that as the intentions of LTA were quite clear and no one was misled.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Regulation 23(3) reads}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93The Authority may change \endash 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 (a)\tab 
the series, type, format or colour of number plates issued to all vehicles or to different licence classes and may require all vehicles with a superseded number plate to change to new number plate; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16413262 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 (b)\tab 
the type, format or colour of number plate labels issued to all vehicles or to different licence classes and may require all vehicles with a superseded label to change to the new label.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Before the new number pates were issued, consultations were held with the applicants.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
This is conceded by counsel for the applicants.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
The new number plates would assist the enforcement agencies to easily detect the licensed operators from the unlicensed illegal ones.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Being able to distinguish the licensed operators
 from the unlicensed has been a problem for the authorities so the special colour plates were introduced and these plates carry the permit number on the vehicle.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The owners hoped to have the operating bases noted on the number plates but that was not done.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The sum of $34.50 is not an excessive price to pay.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
The number plate decision is unassailable.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It is clearly within the powers of LTA to make under the above regulation.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 UNREASONABLENESS/IRRATIONALITY}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 -}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The applicants submit that the 12-year age limit is totally unreasonable as vehicle conditions depend on a lot of factors.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The LTA has stringent tests in place and vehicles can be screened for fitness.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It also submits that smaller capacity engines are desirable for Fiji.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Further the requirement for air-conditioning imposes unreasonable burden.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 They submit that similar restrictions are not imposed on buses.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 I have closely looked at the affidavit of Naisa Tuinaceva.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The LTA has to balance competing interests.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It has to consider the interests of travelling public in general.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 That general public interest cannot be sacrificed for the interests of a few who may on an isolated occasion want to use a vintage taxi.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Mr. Apted correctly pointed out that the applicants are service providers who cannot have things done all their way.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
If I may add they are like proprietors of restaurants who cannot conduct business the way they want to but have to consider health matters as well.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Public safety and comfort is important in road transport.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Are these unreasonable demands?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93I
n judicial review proceedings the standard of unreasonableness which will justify a court quashing a decision reached is very high\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  \endash  Justice Scott in }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The State v. Public Service Appeal Board and Ministry of Education Ex-parte: Sharda Lal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 A decision is unreasonable in the }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Wednesbury}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  sense if it is }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93
so wrong that no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 reasonable person could sensibly take that view\'94}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Simply because someone differs from the view taken by the Authority does not render Authority\rquote s decision unreasonable as }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93two reasonable [perso
ns] can perfectly reasonably come to opposite conclusions on the same set of facts without forfeiting their right to be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 reasonable\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  \endash  }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
In re: W. (on Infant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 ) 1971 A.C. 682 at 7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 00D.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 On the basis of affidavits filed I do not find the Authority\rquote s decision outr
ageous or so absurd that no reasonable person could have reached it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
The applicants may not like the decision and not agree with it but that alone does not make it unreasonable in the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Wednesbury}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  sense.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 So this ground does not succeed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Having said that and
 fearing a second round of contest in court, I note that only once the matter was raised in passing with the applicants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
The finances of applicants will be affected by such measures.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Such requirements would need increased expenditure.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 As such in its wisdom
 and as a matter of fairness the LTA ought to hear and provide opportunity to the affected parties to be heard before a decision is made. The affected parties would involve both the applicants and the travelling public.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 LEGITIMATE EXPECTATION}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Mr. Nagin 
submitted that the taxi operators have operated on the basis of regulations made by the Minister.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
If LTA wanted changes in the past, it consulted them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 However this time the LTA is changing regulations without consulting them.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 He submitted their legitimate expectations to be heard had been frustrated.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
In public law field individuals may not have strictly enforceable rights but they may have legitimate expectation arising as a result of promise or a representation made by a public body or from a previous practice.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The doctrine was succinctly expressed by Lord Fraser in }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Council of Civil Service Unions v. Minister for Civil Services}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  1985 A.C. 374 at 401.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93
Legitimate, or reasonable expectations may arise either from an express promise given on behalf of a public authority or from the existence of a regular practice which the claimant can reasonably expect to continue.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
In the context of the present case, there is no indication in the affidavits of Rishi Ram of previous occasions when the applicants had been consulted over any changes to the regulations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 I can find no evidence of past practice of consultation, so this ground fails.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 LOCUS STANDI/CAPACITY}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 -}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 There are three applicants \endash 
 the Fiji Taxi Union (FTU), Suva Carrier Operators Association (SCOA) and Millenium Mini Buses Transport Association (MMBTA).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
There is no dispute that the FTU has the locus to bring this action.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
The affidavit in support of Rishi Ram had asserted that all three were registered bodies.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
It turned out and is now accepted that SCOA is not a registered association.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Mr. Nagin submitted that despite its non-registration status, it could still bring on action.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Mr. Apted submitted that since SCOA not an incorporated body of any kind, it cannot sue nor be sued in its own name.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
His argument is based sound legal principles and I accept them.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 FIJI TAXI UNION AND MILLEN}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 N}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 IUM MINI BUSES TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 :
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
These two organisations being registered associations can sue or be sued and have the capacity to bring legal proceedings under Section 6 of Industrial Associations Act}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Cap 95.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
However Mr. Apted submits that the powers of these two associations were limited by their constitutions and rules and they must act in accordance with their constitution and rules.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The constitutions of these two bodies are annexed to the affidavit of Naisa Tuinaceva \endash  annexure NT2 and NT3.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The object of FTU \endash  clause 4 of the constitution are to organise and unite }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93the owners of}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 motor cars operating taxi services in Fiji\'94}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  and to preserve, safeguard and promote their rights and interests.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
In short, the FTU constitution is confined to promoting the welfare of the members of Fiji Taxi Union.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
By attempting to represent other organisations, it is guilty of acting beyond its powers and what it accuses LTA of doing.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Similarly the MMBTA is by its constitution empowered to secure organisation of owners of mini buses and to promote, protect and maintain just and proper treatment of its members.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Again its objects confine it to protect its own members.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Additionally, as far as MMBTA is concerned Rishi Ram in his affidavit said }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93I am duly authorised\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
 by SCOA and MMBTA.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 There is no evidence of that authority from MMBTA.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Written authorisation could easily have been obtained from 1 Rodwell Road where the registered office of MMBTA is.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It also has an Executive Council under its constitution who would have provided the written authorisation.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Was this assertion of authorisation made in the same vein as the assertions that SCOA was duly registered industrial association?}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
The evidence in support of this assertion that he has been duly authorised by SCOA an unincorporated body and MMBTA is as empty as a bird\rquote s nest in winter.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 I conclude that given the objects of the constitution of the FTU and lack of any proven authority from SCOA and MMBTA, the ge
neral secretary of FTU had no powers to represent these two bodies.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
Mr. Apted addressed the court that if the court came to the aforesaid conclusion it should tailor its orders in such a way that the final orders only applied to FTU and others were excluded.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
I am of the view that such an order would serve no practical purpose as once I have held that the LTA acted ultra vires, the entire decision should be quashed rather than encouraging further applications from other affected parties.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 NON DISCLOSURE}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 -}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 T
his leads me to the final point which Mr. Apted raised and that is material non disclosure.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
An ex-parte notice of motion for stay had been filed based on the affidavit of Rishi Ram who is the General Secretary of FTU representing as he alleged some 6000 members.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 In paragraph 4 of his affidavit he alleged that the notices were published }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93without prior consultation with the}
{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 applicants\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 .}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 However, it transpired from annexures to LTA\rquote s affidavit that LTA had a series of meetings with FTU and in at least two meet
ings Rishi Ram was present and took active part in deliberations.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 This is more than material non disclosure.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 It was asserting the reverse of the truth.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
The fact that the court at the end insisted on inter parte hearing does not assist the applicant because his intent was to obtain a stay ex-parte on the strength of such assertions.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
In a situation less serious in nature than the present Justice Jitoko in an application before him in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The State v. FTIB ex-parte: Telpac}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262  \endash }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  HBJ00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 12D of 2002S expressed his views
 on material non disclosure as follows}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 \'93
By its very nature judicial review proceedings do no more than perform a supervisory role.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
It is therefore important that as far as possible, facts that are material to the issue before the court, even if unfavourable to the application, should be disclosed.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 This is particularly so at the leave stage where frank disclosure of all relevant facts known to the applicant can only help the court to act quickly \'85\'94
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Mr. Apted said that the non disclosure in the present cas
e was so serious that the court should exercise its discretion and deny all relief.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The above submission is understandable.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 However, this case is unlike a case where an applicant is the sole applicant and any refusal of relief would only affect the applica
nt personally.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
In the present case the applicant represents other members of taxi union who may have no knowledge of what the General Secretary had stated.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 I consider it would be grossly unfair of this court to punish those numerous others for the misdeed and shortcomings of their secretary.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 CONCLUSION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 :
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 My final findings are that the Land Transport Authority\rquote 
s decision under Regulation 50 of the Land Transport (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations 2000 not to licence any taxi, rental car, hire car, carrie
r or mini bus as a public service vehicle unless it complied with age, engine capacity, air conditioning and driver identity requirements is ultra vires and therefore unlawful.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 Certiorari shall therefore issue to quash the decision of LTA as published in the Fiji Times on 31st December 2003.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
As far as the decision relating to number plates is concerned I hold that the LTA acted within its powers and in accordance with rules of natural justice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 The application is therefore refused in respect of the number plates decision.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par As each party has partly succeeded in their claims, each party is to bear its own costs.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 [ Jiten Singh ]
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16413262 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par At Suva
\par 17th February 2004}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413262\charrsid16413262 
\par }}