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{\author Information Technology Unit}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo12\dy6\hr14\min6}{\revtim\yr2005\mo12\dy6\hr14\min6}{\printim\yr2004\mo5\dy19\hr11\min54}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1154}{\nofchars6580}
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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par MISCELLANEOUS JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119 MISC. CASE NO: HAM00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 28 OF 2004

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 Between:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119\charrsid2373119 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119\charrsid2373119 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 RAJENDRA NARAYAN
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 Applicant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 And:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119\charrsid2373119 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119\charrsid2373119 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 THE STATE
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
\par Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 11th May 2004
\par Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 21st May 2004
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 Mr. E. Veretawatini for Applicant
\par Mr. B. Solanki for State
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
\par The Applicant applies for a stay of an order for disqualification from driving, pending appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
The application is opposed by the State.
\par 
\par On the 26th of February 2004, the Applicant was tried on one charge of permitting a person to drive without a license, and one charge of permitting another to drive a motor vehicle in contravention of third party risks.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 The prosecution called two witnesses.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 Their evidence was, apparently, that the Applicant requested one of the witnesses to go with him to Vatuwaqa to pick up a vehicle.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 The witness drove the vehicle back to Waila.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
He had no driving license, and the vehicle was not covered for third party insurance risks.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
The witness was stopped by the police and he was charged with driving without a license.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 The Applicant\rquote 
s defence was that he did not request the witness to drive his vehicle.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 The learned Magistrate said:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2373119 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 \'93
It is fundamental that to prove Count 1, the prosecution must demonstrate by way of evidence that the accused knowingly permitted PW1 to drive his private motor vehicle with the full knowledge that PW1 was not the holder of a valid driving license.\'94

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
\par He accepted the evidence of the witness, and of the Applicant\rquote s caution statement to the police (which contained a confession to Count 1) and convicted the Applicant on both counts.
\par 
\par The Applicant was a first offender and said nothing in mitigation, although he was asked to address the court on whether or not he should be disqualified.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 He was fined $100 on Count 1, and $50 on Count 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
He was disqualified from driving for 12 months.
\par 
\par In his affidavit supporting his motion for stay, the Applicant says that he is 34 years old with 3 children who attend school.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
He says that he is the proprietor of Rajen\rquote s Towing Services and he needs to drive 24 hours a day.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
He says that his business will suffer \'93irreparable damages and loss of income\'94 as a result of the order for disqualification.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 He annexes his petition of appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
The merits of the grounds of appeal are impossible to evaluate without the court record.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
However, one of the grounds is that the learned Magistrate had ordered disqualification without being aware of the mitigating circumstances set out in the Applicant\rquote s affidavit.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 From the copy of the judgment and sentence given to me in cou
rt, I can only observe that the Applicant was given an opportunity to mitigate and to tell the Magistrate why he should not be disqualified from driving.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 He chose not to make any submissions.
\par 
\par In his submissions, counsel for the Applicant submitted that th
e appeal was obviously meritorious because of inconsistencies in the prosecution case, because there were exceptional circumstances justifying a stay order in that he was reliant on driving for his livelihood, and that he would suffer great losses before 
his appeal is heard.
\par 
\par The State opposes the application.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
Counsel submits that there is no statutory power to suspend a disqualification order pending appeal but concedes that there is an inherent power to stay any proceedings on the grounds of delay and abu
se of process. However, the State says that there is no inherent jurisdiction to stay a disqualification or a fine.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s3\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 \b\f2\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 Jurisdiction
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
\par Section 315(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code provides:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2373119 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 \'93
Where a convicted person presents or declares his intention of pres
enting a petition of appeal the [High Court] or the court which convicted such person may if in the circumstances of the case it thinks fit, order that he be released on bail, with or without sureties, or if such person is not released on bail shall, at t
he request of such person, order that the execution of the sentence or order against which the appeal is pending be suspended pending the determination of the appeal.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 If such order be made before the petition of appeal is presented and no petition is presented within the time allowed the order for bail or suspension shall forthwith be cancelled.\'94

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
\par This provision appears to apply only to custodial sentences.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 In }{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 Hayat Mohammed v. R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024  9 FLR 53, MacDuff CJ said of the predecessor to section 315:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 \'93It is clear from
 the wording of the section that an order that the execution of the sentence or order against which an appeal is pending be suspended has no application in the case of a sentence of a fine or of an order of disqualification under the Traffic Ordinance.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 The qualification \'93if such person is not released on bail\'94
 restricts the suspension to a sentence or order entailing a person\rquote s detention in custody.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
\par This statement was adopted by Fatiaki J in }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 Sefanaia Marau v. The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024  Crim. App. No. 79 of 1990.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 Of course
, neither appellate court was asked to consider whether an inherent jurisdiction existed in the High Court to stay any of the orders of a lower court pending appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 However Byrne J was asked to consider exactly that question in }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 State v. Ratu Ovini Bokini}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  HAM}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 0032 of 1998.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 In that case, the State asked for the stay of committal proceedings until an interlocutory appeal from a refusal of the presiding magistrate to disqualify himself.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 Byrne J adopted the following passage from the speech of Lord Devlin in }{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 Connelly v. Director of Public Prosecutions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024  (1964) AC 1254 at 1347:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2373119 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 \'93
My Lords, in my opinion, the judges of the High Court have in their inherent jurisdiction, both in civil and in criminal matters, power (subject of course to any statutory rules) to make and enforce rules of practice in order to ensure that the court
\rquote s process is used fairly and conveniently by both sides.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
\par Byrne J then said:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2373119 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 \'93
I respectfully adopt that passage and say that if the High Court has power to stay its own processes, even more so it has the power to stay proceedings in an inferior court.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
\par This view was endorsed by the Court of Appeal in the same case (Crim. App. AA001 and 003 of 1999S).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
After finding that the High Court had statutory jurisdiction to hear interlocutory appeals, the Court said, at page 7:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2373119 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 \'93
If it had jurisdiction to hear the appeal, then it follows inexorably that the High Court had power to order and stay pending the hearing of the appeal.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 The High Court has inherent power to control its own processes and to ensure
 that holding measures are taken pending the hearing of the appeal to enable the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction to be meaningful.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
\par In this case, in the absence of a statutory power to stay a disqualification order, I find that an inherent jurisdiction exists to order such a stay, where it is necessary for the meaningful exercise of the High Court\rquote s appellate jurisdiction.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 However, I do not consider it necessary to exercise that power in this case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 The order for disqualification is for 12 months from the 7th of April 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 The court record must be sent to the High Court within 28 days of the filing of the petition of appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 With the evidence of only two prosecution witnesses, there is no reason for undue delay in the typing of the record.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 It is not suggested that the court had no powers to order disqualification, and the Applicant made no attempt to mitigate after conviction.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 Although the order will undoubtedly affect his business, I see no hardship in the Applicant employing a driver with a valid li
cense to drive for him whenever necessary.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
I cannot accept that the disqualification order will cost him irreparable loss pending appeal.
\par 
\par For these reasons, while I consider that I do have inherent powers to consider a stay, I refuse the application in this case.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373119 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid2373119 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7694024 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4535008\charrsid7694024 
\par At Suva
\par 21st May 2004
\par }}