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\fi-720\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listname ;}\listid1542354940}} {\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid1542354940\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid2765304\rsid15491897}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6764;}{\info{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\author win}{\operator blake_r} {\creatim\yr2005\mo12\dy7\hr14\min2}{\revtim\yr2005\mo12\dy7\hr14\min2}{\printim\yr2000\mo2\dy29\hr23\min24}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords727}{\nofchars4145}{\*\company win95}{\nofcharsws4863}{\vern16391}}\margr1440\margb720 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot15491897 \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 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\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT SUVA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897\charrsid15491897 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 CIVIL ACTION NO.: HBC}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897\charrsid15491897 00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 92 OF 2004 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 BETWEEN:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897\charrsid15491897 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897\charrsid15491897 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 KABARA DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LIMITED \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 PLAINTIFF \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 AND:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897\charrsid15491897 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897\charrsid15491897 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF FIJI \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 1ST DEFENDANT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897\charrsid15491897 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 THE MINISTER FOR TRANSPORT & CIVIL AVIATION \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 2ND DEFENDANT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par Mr. R. Matebalavu \tab \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897\charrsid15491897 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 -\tab For Plaintiff \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897\charrsid15491897 Ms N. Basawaiya with\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \}\tab -\tab For Defendants \par Ms M. Lord\tab \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897\charrsid15491897 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \} \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 DECISION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par The plaintiff owns a vessel \'93Ta-i-Kabara\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 It services seven islands in the Southern Lau group.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 It operates under a government franchise.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 The contract was initially for a period of three years from 1997 and then extended for ten years in 1999.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 It expires in March 2009.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 It is still a subsisting contract.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 The existence of this franchise agreement is not in dispute. \par \par In February 2004 the Ministry of Transpo rt & Civil Aviation invited tenders from interested bidders for provision of shipping serves to various islands including the areas granted to the plaintiff under the franchise contract so the plaintiff brought this action.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 In the motion before the court t he plaintiff is seeking an injunction against the second defendant restraining him or his servants or agents pending trial from awarding or granting any contract for provision of shipping service under the Government franchise scheme to the area demarcate d as Southern Lau. \par \par Mr. Matebalavu submitted that the second defendant by inviting tenders was unilaterally trying to bring to an end a binding contract.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 This contract needs to be protected.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 He submits that the plaintiff is heavily reliant on the Government subsidy scheme and the plaintiff would suffer disastrous consequences.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 He conceded that an injunction could not be granted against the second defendant in view of Section 15 of the Crown Proceedings Act but the court could in lieu make a declaration. \par \par Ms Basawaiya conceded that the court can grant a declaration but in doing so the court must first be satisfied with the requirements for injunctions as set out in the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 American Cyanamid}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par \par The plaintiff in trying to pursue the interim relief is faced with the formidable barrier in the form of Section 15(1)(a) of Crown Proceedings Act which reads : \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\tx1418\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 15.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 -}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 \tab }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 (1)\tab In any civil proceedings by or against the Crown the court shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, have power to make all such orders as it has p ower to make in proceedings between subjects, and otherwise to give such appropriate relief as the case may require : \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 Provided that \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid15491897 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 (a)\tab where in any proceedings against the Crown any such relief is sought as might in proceedings between subjects be gra nted by way of injunction or specific performance, the court shall not grant an injunction or make an order for specific performance, but may in lieu thereof make an order declaratory of the rights of the parties.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par Under the above section the court can make a declaration but can it make an interim declaration. \par \par A declaration is an order of the court which declares }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 with finality}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 the nature of rights or obligations of parties in dispute before the court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 As a declaration is a final order as to rights, it can only be made after parties have been heard and court is in position to declare conclusively what the rights of the parties are. \par \par The effect of Section 21 of Crown Proceedings Act in England (similar to our Section 15) was considered in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 International Gener al Electric Company of New York Ltd v. Commissioners of Customs and Excise}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 1962 1 Ch 784. \par \par Plowman J in considering the section concluded \endash \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \'93 when you come to the question of a final injunction, no doubt a declaratory order may be made in lieu thereof, for that finally determines the rights of the parties.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 But it seems to me quite impossible to invent some form of declaration which does not determine the rights of the parties but is only meant to preserve the status quo.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par The House of Lords has also gone down the same road in expressing its view on grant of interim declarations against the Crown.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 In }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 Inland Revenue Commissioners & Another v. Rossminster Ltd & Others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \endash 1980 AC 952 at 1027 C Lord Scarman expressed the view that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 : \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \'93Under existing law only a fin al and conclusive declaration may be granted by a court.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 This means that, where the Crown is defendant or respondent, relief analogous to an interim injunction is not available \'85}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 For myself, I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 find absurd the posture of a court declaring one day in interlo cutory proceedings that an applicant has certain rights and upon a later day that he has not.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par Counsels have not been able to point to any local case where an interim declaration has been granted against the State. \par \par Accordingly given the clear wording of Section 15(1) of Crown Proceedings Act and the authorities cited above, I am of the firm view that I cannot grant the interlocutory reliefs as sought.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491897 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 The application is dismissed with costs summarily fixed at $250.00. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 [ Jiten Singh ] \par JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15491897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid133604\charrsid15491897 \par At Suva \par 6th May 2004 \par }}