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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 JUDICIAL REVIEW NO. HBJ 004R OF 2002S
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 Interested Party}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
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: SEKOVE VADEI
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 Applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
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\par Counsel for the Applicant:\tab H. Nagin:\tab Sherani & Co.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 Counsel for the Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 :\tab 
Jon Apted:\tab Munro Leys
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 Interested Party}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 :\tab Mrs Viniana Bolatakeu: \tab (In Person)
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 Date of Ruling:\tab 20 August, 2004
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 Time of Ruling}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 :\tab 9.30 a.m.
\par 
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\par This is an application seeking leave to apply for Judicial Review of a decision of the Public Service Appeals Board }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 (\'93the Board\'94)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  of 13 February 2002 allowing the appeal by one Viniana Bolatakeu }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 (\'93the Interested Party\'94)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  against the provisional promotion of the Applicant to the position of the Head Teacher, Bishop Kempthorne Memorial School.
\par 
\par The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 reliefs the Applicant seeks are}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779 
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\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93(a)\tab 
AN ORDER OF CERTIORARI to remove the said decision of the PUBLIC SERVICE APPEALS BOARD made on or about the 13th day of February, 2002 into this Honourable Court and the same be quashed.
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A DECLARATION in any event that the PUBLIC SERVICE APPEAL BOARD abused its discretion and power and/or acted unreasonably and/or acted unfairly and contrary to the principles of Natural Justice and/or acted contrary to the Applicant\rquote 
s Legitimate Expectation.
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Further Declarations or other relief as to this Honourable Court may seem just.\'94
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\par The grounds relied upon by the Applicant in support can be summarised as follows}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 :
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 That the Board had abused its power and discretion by taking into account irre
levant matters and did not consider relevant matters, and that at any rate, it had acted unreasonably.
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That the Board had acted unfairly and contrary to the principles of natural justice by not allowing full oral submissions before it unlike the case of the Interested Party.
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\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 That the Board had acted contrary to the legitimate expectations of the Applicant.
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\par }{\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 THE FACTS}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par In the Republic of Fiji Gazette in 2000, the Public Service Commission }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 (\'93PSC\'94)}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
 placed an advertisement call for applications to the post of }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Head Teacher, Kempthorne Memorial School\'94}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
 in the greater Suva area.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The advertisement (No. 1210/2000) stated}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93HEAD TEACHER, BISHOP KEMPTHORNE MEMORIAL SCHOOL, ED3C.
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
To administer and ED3C primary school, offer professional guidance to the staff and teach and liaise with School Committee, parents and Ministry of Education staff.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The appointee should be able to contribute towards the social and cultural life of the school and supervise the teaching of vernacular languages.}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812\charrsid1202812 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Qualifications}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 : }{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Qualifications as for teacher ED8 and at least 2 years service with a superior assessment in ED4 or 3 years in ED5E grade or 6 years in ED5A \endash 
 D or equivalent based upon standard rating scale.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
Applicant with a relevant degree from a recognised University should be an added advantage.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
Superior administrative ability and professional leadership skills.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
Completed 3 years rural service or a superior assessment in the past 3 years.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
For Special Education post, a relevant tertiary qualification from a recognised institution.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Whe
re relevant, hostel management experience will be preferred.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Potential to advance to higher post.\'94}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par The Applicant applied and in a letter dated 18 October 2001, the Permanent Secretary for Education informed him that he had been successful.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 It however stated that}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
This promotion will be provisional in the first instance to allow for the determination of appeals, if any, in accordance with the provisions of the Public Service Act 1999.\'94}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 

\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par The Permanent Secretary for Education was referring in particular to section 25(1)(a) of the Act allowing for such action.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 It states}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779 
\par }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\tx1418\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'9325 \endash  (1)\tab 
Subject to this section, every employee, other than an employee on probation, may appeal to the Appeal Board under this part against ----
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 the promotion of any employee, or the app
ointment of any person who is not an employee, to a position in the public service for which the appellant, had applied by way of promotion.\'94
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par In this instance two appeals were lodged by Mrs Viniana Bolatakeu, the Interested Party, and one Mr Peceli Latianara.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
These appeals were heard by the Public Service Appeals Board }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 (\'93PSAB\'94)}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  on 7 February 2002.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 On 13th February, the PSAB, informed the Ministry of Education as well as all the parties that Mrs Viniana Bolatakeu
\rquote s appeal had been allowed.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The PSAB stated, 
after having examined all the 3 candidates records and submissions concluded that}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93(a)\tab 
Mrs Bolatakeu has an edge over Mr Vadei in terms of relevant degree qualifications thus showing potential for advance.
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Mr Vadei has an edge over Mr Latianara in terms of seniority}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 in the substantive grade.\'94
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 
\par }{\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 APPLICATION FOR LEAVE}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par Leave is opposed.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779 
\par }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812\charrsid14435948 
\par }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The application for judicial review is normally made in two stages.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The first is the necessity to obtain leave and only when granted, will the Court proceed to hear the substantive application for judicial review.
\par 
\par The purpose of the first stage is set out fully at paragraph 53/1 \endash  14/23 of the Supreme Court Practice }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 (\'93The White Book\'94) }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 1985 Vol. 1.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 It says}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93The purpose of the requirement of leave is to eliminate at an earl
y stage any applications which are either frivolous, vexatious or hopeless.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
The requirement that leave must be obtained is designed to \'93prevent the time of the court being wasted by busybodies with misguided or trivial complaints of administrative error, a
nd to remove the uncertainty in which public officers and authorities might be left as to whether they could safely proceed with administrative action while proceedings for judicial review of it were actually pending even though misconceived.\'94 }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 (}{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 R}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 .}{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  v. Inland}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
Revenue Commissioners, ex.p. National Federation of Self Employed and Small Businesses Ltd}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  [1982] AC 617, p.642; 2 All ER }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
93 p.105 per Lord Diplock).
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par In deciding whether to grant leave the Court needs only to be satisfied that there is evidence available to it that discloses an arguable case for the applicant.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The test is stated by the Fiji Court of Appeal in }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 National Farmers Union}{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v.}{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812\charrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
Sugar Industry Tribunal & Ors}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 . (FCA No. 8/1990).}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 At p. 8 it said}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93We accept at the leave stage of an application for ju
dicial review the Court is not required to do more than decide }{\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 whether the applicant}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
 (leaving aside the issue of locus standi and delay which are not at issue here) }{\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 has shown prima facie an arguable case on the merits of each ground of relief}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 .\'94}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 (emphasis added).
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par The question then is for this Court to decide whether the Applicant, on the evidence before it, has merits on the grounds advanced to satisfy the Court that there is prima facie an arguable case to grant leave for judicial review.
\par 
\par I will deal with each of the Applicant\rquote s ground in turn.
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb1\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Breach of Natural Justice}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par In support of this ground, the Appellant in his affidavit stated that the Board had on the date of the hearing of Viniana Bolatakeu\rquote s appeal, had accepted from her, first her written submissions, before being allowed further }{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93to make oral submissions as well as to elaborate on her written submissions.\'94}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The same opportunity to make oral submissions, argued the Appellant, was not accorded to him.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Instead, he was stopped by the Board from making }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 oral submissions, which privile}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 ge, was granted to Bolatakeu.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The Board\rquote 
s failure to given him equal time to make oral submissions amounted, according to the Applicant, to a clear breach of natural justice.
\par 
\par The Respondent Board, through the affidavit of its Secretary, Josese Bisa, stated that the contrary to the Applicant\rquote s assertion, Viniana Bolatakeu, did not make and file written submissions to the Board, only her academic records.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 She was given the opportunity to make oral submissions as a result.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 I
n the case of the Appellant, he had already submitted to the Board, his written submissions and the Board had permitted him to make oral submissions in addition to the written form.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 According to the Secretary to the Board, the Appellant\rquote s oral submissions 
were no more than reading from his written submissions and did not proceed further, after the Chairman of the Board advised him to desist from rehashing matters that were already before them in writing, but to confine his oral presentation to the elaborat
ion of matters that he may consider relevant to his case.
\par 
\par The right to be heard is fundamental to the issue of procedural fairness.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
The duty under it entails giving the opportunity to affected parties the opportunity to make representations.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 In }{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 In re Hamilton; In re Forrest}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  [1981] AC 1038, Lord Frazer said, at p. 1045}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
One of the principles of natural justice is that a person is entitled to adequate notice and opportunity to be heard before any judicial order is pronounced against him, so that he, or some
one acting on his behalf make such representations, if any, as he sees fit.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 That is the rule of }{
\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 audi alterum partem}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
 which applies to all judicial proceedings, unless its application to a particular class of proceedings has been excluded by Parliament expressly or by necessary implication.\'94}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 

\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par Even more so, insofar as the Applicant\rquote s arguments in this case, it is not only the basic right to be heard but the opportunity to persuade.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 As Lord Diplock said in }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Hoffmann \endash  La Roche (F) & Co. AG}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  V. }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Secretary of State for Trade and Industries}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  [1975] AC 295, p.368}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
[I]t is the duty of the Commissioners to observe the rules of natural justice in the course of their investigation \endash  which means no more than they must act fairly by giving to the person whose activities are
 being investigated a reasonable opportunity to put forward facts and arguments in justification of his conduct of these activities before they reach a conclusion which may affect him adversely.\'94}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par Did the Respondent Board observe procedural fairness or did it deny the Applicant the opportunity of being heard and to persuade at its hearing of 13 February 2002?}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The Court accepts as fact that Mrs Viniana Bolatakeu did not submit any written submissions to the Board on 13 February.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 This is clear both from the record of the Board meeting and as well as from Mrs Bolatakeu\rquote s affidavit.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 What the Applicant wrongly perceived to be written submissions being handed over to the Board by Mrs Bolatakeu on the day, were copies of her academic records, her CV and the vacancy
 advertisement No. 1210/2000 of the PSC Official Circular of 31 October, 2002.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 That was all.
\par 
\par The Applicant\rquote s sole ground of breach of the rules of natural justice, is}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 based on the Board\rquote s }{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93failure to give and opportunity to the applicant to elaborate his submissions and highlighted some of the important points.\'94}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
In support of this argument, the Applicant pointed to the fact that the Board had permitted Mrs Bolatakeu to address it fully by oral submissions, whereas he had been stopped by the Chairman of the Board from doing the same.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
But, as made clear by the Respondent in the affidavit of its Secretary, the Applicant had already submitted his written submissions to the Board and rather than reading from it, the Respondent directed that he confined his oral 
submissions to emphasising issues or matters which he considered relevant.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
Mrs Bolatakeu on the other hand, was allowed to make full oral submissions, as she had not, unlike the Applicant, filed or submitted any written submissions.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The procedure of the hearing, according to the Respondent, was fully explained to the Applicant by the Chairman before the hearing began.
\par 
\par Did the Chairman of the Board\rquote s ruling }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93curtailing\'94}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  the Applicant\rquote 
s presentation before it, amount to a material irregularity that could have resulted in the Applicant suffering real prejudice?}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 In this Court\rquote s view, the Chairman\rquote s ruling did not.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The Applicant was not prevented from making representations to the Board on any issues in addition to those matters which were already in his written submissions.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 He was only stopped from reading verbatim from his written submissions.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 It surely cannot be suggested that the Applicant\rquote 
s failure to read directly from his submissions, which the Board was already seized, amounted to procedural irregularity which could have given rise to a real risk that injustice may have been done.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The Board, after all had every opportunity to read the Applicant\rquote 
s written submission afterwards before making its decision.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 I am mindful of Lord Diplock\rquote s statement in }{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 O\rquote Reilly}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  v. }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Mackman
}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  [1983] 2 AC 237, referred to by the Applicant\rquote s Counsel, in which he stated at p.276}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
But the requirement that a person who is charged with having done something which, if proved to the satisfaction of a statutory tribunal, has consequences th
at will, or may, affect him adversely, should be given a fair opportunity of hearing what is alleged against him and of presenting his own case, is so fundamental to any criticised legal system that it is to be presumed that Parliament intended that a fai
lure to observe it should render null and void any decision in breach of this requirement."
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par The facts and situation in }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 O\rquote Reilly}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
 are distinguishable, but even so, I am satisfied that in this case, the Appellant was given both the opportunity of being heard together with the opportunity of presenting his case.
\par 
\par Counsel for the Applicant had made particular reference to the statutory requirements that demand of the Board the express duty to observe procedural fairness and act in accordance with the rules of natural justice.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
In particular, section 26 of the Public Service Act 1999, sets out the procedures under which the Board may conduct an appeal.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Sub-section (9) provides \endash  
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93(9)\tab 
In the conduct of an appeal, the Appeal Board is not bound by the procedures, legal forms and rules of evidence of a Court of law but should \endash 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 accord natural justice to the parties to the appeal}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 ;
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 keep a written record of its proceedings; and 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 give reasons for its decision on the appeal.\'94}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par It has always been accepted
 practice by the court where there are express provisions of the statute under which a public body such as the Respondent in this case is acting, to add and read into such provisions the requirement and the standards of basic fairness.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 In }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Lloyd}{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 McMahon}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  
[1987] AC 625, Lord Bridge said at p.702}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
[I]t is well established that when a statute has conferred on anybody the power to make decisions affecting individuals, the Courts will not only require the procedure prescribed by the statute to be followed, bu
t will readily imply so much and no more to be introduced by way of additional procedural safeguards as will ensure the attainment of fairness.\'94}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par These are general rules that the Courts will readily apply to fill any procedural gaps that are left by the express provision of the law.
\par 
\par The Court\rquote s discretion to imply procedural safeguards on the action of the Respondent in this case however, is necessarily tempered by the express limitation of the general rules as set out under section 26 (6) and (8) of the Act.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 These provide:-
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93(6)\tab At the hearing of an appeal \endash }{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812\charrsid1202812 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'85\'85
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
the officer or person against whose promotion or appointment the appeal has been lodged is entitled to be heard }{\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 in such manner as the Appeal Board thinks fit}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  and may be represented by a legal practitioner or by any other person.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812\charrsid1202812 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (7)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls8\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart7\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'85\'85}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812\charrsid1202812 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (8)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls8\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart7\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 In performing its functions, the Appeal Board must endeavour to }{
\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 combine fairness to the parties with economy, informality and speed.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'94}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 (emphasis added)}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par When the actions of the Board is considered alongside these provisions, namely the Chairman\rquote s direction as to the procedure that were to be followed before the hearings of the appeal began, and later the Board\rquote 
s stopping the Applicant from reading his written submissions, I can see no conceivable grounds upon which the Applicant can argue that he had been denied natural justice.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 I am therefore satisfied that the Respondent had acted fairly.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The Applicant\rquote s claim of breach of natural justice is without merit.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 This ground fails.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb1\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Taking Irrelevant Matters Into Account and Failure to Take Relevant Matters into Account}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par The Applicant claimed that the Respondent had taken into consideration the fact that Mrs Bolatakeu had a degree qualifications and therefore potential to advance notwithstanding that the degree was in Literature and Language.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
This qualifications, the Applicant argued, was not relevant to the post of Head Teacher, and should not have been taken into consideration by the Board.
\par 
\par On the other hand, the Applicant claimed the following matters to be relevant and not taken into account by the Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 -\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb -}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 that Mrs Bolatakeu had made false and malicious allegations at the hearing.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 -\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb -}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 that Mrs Bolatakeu had poor record and annual confidential reports compared to the Applicant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 -\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb -}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 that the Applicant was senior in post and grade to Mrs Bolatakeu.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 -\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb -}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 that the school preferred the Applicant as its Head Teacher, over Mrs Bolatakeu.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par The principle that guides the court is that a statutory body must have regard to all, and to only, legally relevant consideration.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 As Lord Keith said in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 R}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, ex p Lonrho Plc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  [1989] 1 WLR 525 at p.533}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 \b\i\f172\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
[T]he discretion \'85. must be exercised \'85. by reference to relevant and not irrelevant considerations.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par The position is best summarised in Simon Brown L J judgment in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 R}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Somerset County Council ex p Fewings}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  [1995] 1 WLR 1037 referred to by Counsel for the Respondent.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 At page 1049, he said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 \b\i\f172\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
It is important to bear in mind, however \'85}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 that there is in fact three categories of consideration.}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 First, those clearly (whether expressly or impliedly) identified by the statute as considerations to which regard must be had.}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Second, those clearly identified by the statute as considerations to which regard must not be had.}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Third, those to which the decision-maker may have regard if in his judgment and discretion he thinks it right to do so.}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
There is, in short, a margin of appreciation within which the decision-maker may decide just what considerations should play a part in his reasoning process.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par Lord Justice Simon Brown also referred to Cooke J.\rquote s judgment in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 CREEDNZ Inc.}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Governor-General}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 1981}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  1 NZLR 172 where at p.183 he said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 \b\i\f172\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
What has to be emphasised is that it is only when the statute expressly or impliedly identified considerations required to be taken into account by t
he authority as a matter of legal obligations that the court holds a decision invalid on the ground now invoked.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
It is not enough that a consideration is one that may properly be taken into account, nor even that it is one which many people, including the Court itself, would have taken into account if they had to make the decision.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par In this case except as provided for under section 140 of the Constitution which requires that promotion }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93should be on the basis of merit,\'94}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  there are no statutory provisions under which the Respondent is required to take specific considerations into account.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 In respect of the matters relating to work records and seniority which the Appellant argued favoured him over Mrs Bolatakeu, it could be argued that they fall under Category 
1 of Lord Justice Simon Brown\rquote s classification.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The other two remaining matters come under Category 3.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The question is whether the Respondent had failed to take any and all of the matters raised by the Appellant into consideration.

\par 
\par I have had the opportunity of perusing the minutes of the deliberations of the Respondent to verify its claim that it had regard to all legally relevant considerations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The minutes of the meeting reveals very clearly that the Board had done so.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 It considered all matters relevant, including those the Applicant claimed were not considered.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 It is important to note here that in respect of almost all these matters, there were in addition, submissions made on them by the Ministry of Education representations.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The Applicant\rquote s allegation is without foundation.
\par 
\par The Court is equally mindful of the fact that while there maybe relevancy of matters raised, there is also the important issue of the materiality of such matter to the subject or the decision.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 For example, the claim by the Appellant that Mrs Bolatakeu had made false and malicious allegations, are in my view not material to the decision.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The allegations were in the main levelled against the Ministry of Education and its officials, and did not implicate the Applicant.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 At any rate, some of the allegations including errors in the bio data of Mrs Bolatakeu, were in fact conceded by the Ministry.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
Equally, the issue of the preference of the school for the Appellant as claimed by him, is not strictly a matter that the Respondent is obliged to consider.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The Respondent is concerned essentially with ensuing that the best candidate is given the job.
\par 
\par Finally as to whether the Respondent had taken irrelevant matters into account by considering Mrs Bolatakeu\rquote s degree in Literature and Language as an asset in her favour.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 According to the evidence before this Court, Mrs Bolatakeu\rquote s Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of the South Pacific}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 in Literature and Language/Applied Psychology.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
The vacancy advertisement stated that }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93Applicant with a relevant degree from a recognised University would be an added advantage.\'94}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Given that part of the job description was that }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
the appointee should be able to contribute towards the social and the cultural life of the school and supervise the teaching of vernacular languages,\'94 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Mrs Bolatakeu\rquote 
s degree in Literature and Language, is surely a}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  \'93relevant degree\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  for the purposes of the Respondent
\rquote s consideration.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 I do not agree with the argument that Mrs Bolatakeu\rquote 
s degree was irrelevant and should not have been considered by the Respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 In the end, I find no merit in the Applicant
\rquote s arguments on this ground.
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb1\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Legitimate Expectations}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par Upon this ground, the Applicant argued that the Respondent }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93has breached the Applicant\rquote s legitimate expectations of promotion and also
 legitimate expectations of a fair hearing and a proper reason for the decision.\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par In this Court\rquote s understanding, what basically the Applicant is claiming is that he was deprived of his legitimate expectation as to procedural protection namely, }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
fair hearing\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  and }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93proper reason for the decision\'94}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  and to substantive benefit, which I can only assume means the Applicant\rquote s promotion.
\par 
\par In his submission, Counsel for the Applicant referred to Lord Bridge\rquote s statement in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Re Westminster CC}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 [1986] AC 688 at 692 explaining that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 \b\i\f172\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
The Courts have developed a relatively novel doctrine in public law that a duty of consultation may arise from a legitimate expectation of consultation aroused either by province or by an established practice of consultation.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par  Counsel also referred the court to Lord Diplock\rquote s exposition of the principle in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Council of Civil Service Unions}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Minister of Civil Service}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 [1984] AC 374.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 In }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Behluli}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
Secretary of State for the Home Department}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  \{1998\} Imm AR 407, Bedlam L J at p.415 said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 \b\i\f172\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
Although legitimate expectation}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  may in the past have been cate}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 gorised as a catchp}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 h}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
rase not to be elevated into a principle, or as an easy cover for a general complaint about unfairness, it has nevertheless achieved an important place in developing the law of administrative fairness.}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
It is an expectation which, although not amounting to an enforceable legal right, is founded on a reasonable assumption which is capable of being protected in public law.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 It enables a citizen to challenge a decision which deprives him of an expectation founded on a reasonable basis that his claim will be dealt with in a particular way.\'94}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par I accept the principle of legitimate expectation as one of the tests of deciding the fairness or otherwise of the decision-making procedure of a statutory body.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 I also accept its legitimacy in the arguments on substantive benefits that stand to be derived from the exercise of the authority and discretion of such a body.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 However in the case of the latter, the Applicant must prove the prior existence of a po
licy that gives rise to such an expectation.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
For example, is it always the practice for the Respondent to favour the promotion of the candidate already acting in the post?}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Or, is there a standing policy adopted by the Respondent that it will always favour candidates with longer actual teaching hours to their credit from others?}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
These are but illustrations of elements that may genuinely give rise to the issue of legitimate expectation of a substantive benefit namely, the expectation of the Applicant\rquote s promotion.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 They are also in essence what the court refers to as expectation of past practice being followed and the existence of regular practice}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 : }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Webster}{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Auckland Harbour Board}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  [1987] 2 NZLR 129; }{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Council of Civil Service Unions}{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Minister of Civil Service}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  (supra).
\par 
\par There is no evidence before me that there had existed or presently exists certain policies of the Respondent which was or were not followed to the detriment of the Applicant.
\par 
\par There remains only the question of legitimate expectation of a procedural protection.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
This essentially goes to the issue of the Respondent\rquote s duties of fairness and reasonableness, which I have already decided on above, except on the issue of }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93proper reason.
\'94}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls10\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb1\pnstart4\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Failure to Give Reasons}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par This ground was not included in the application for Judicial Review and the Respondent has rightfully argued that the Court should not entertain it.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 But even if the Court were to allow the Applicant\rquote s submissions, the evidence before it does not support the argument that the Respondent had failed to give reasons.
\par 
\par The Applicant referred to the Fiji Court of Appeal decision in }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Akbar Buses Limited}{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Transport Control Board & Or.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  CA 9/1984 and more recently in }{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Pacific Transport Company Limited}{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Mohammed Jalil Khan & TCB}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
CA 21/1996 and the High Court cases of }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 State}{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812  v. }{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Transport Control Board ex p. S. Nair Transport}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 HBJ 20/1996; }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The State}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  }{
\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 v. }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Transport Control Board ex p. Dee Cees Bus Service Ltd.}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 HBJ 36/1996 to support the position that the court will intervene and quash a decision in the absence of r
easons or where they are not sufficiently clear.
\par 
\par The position at common law is that there is no duty to give reasons, although the general trend show the movement towards a general duty.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 The English Court in }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Stefan}{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 
 v. }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 General Medical Council}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  [1999] 1 WLR 1293 said at p.1301}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
There is certainly a strong argument for the view that what was once seen as exceptions to a rule may now be becoming examples of the norm, and the cases where reasons are not required maybe taking on the appearance of exceptions.\'94}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par Earlier at p.1300 the Court observed}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 :}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93
The trend of the law has been towards an increased recognition of the duty upon decision-makers of many kinds to give reasons.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
This trend is consistent with current developments towards an increased openness in matters of government and administration.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
But the trend is proceeding on a case by case basis.\'94
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par The advantages of giving reasons including public confidence in the system and the desirability of the disclosure of error where error exists are fully explored in the }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Stefan}{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  judgment.
\par 
\par In this case there is a specific duty under section 26 (9) of the Act to give reasons.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
This the Respondent had done and to all intents and purpose, its statutory obligation has been fulfilled.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
While it may be termed as }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 \'93brief\'94,}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  it is 
in my view very clear and concise and conveys in effect the sum total of the Respondent\rquote s deliberation as to the more meritorious of the candidates.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 I do not share the Applicant\rquote s assertion that the reasons are not sufficient to fulfil the requirements of the Act.}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948  }{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par 
\par In the final, I find that the Applicant has failed to show an arguable case for permission to proceed with a claim for judicial review.}{\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1202812  }{
\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 Leave is refused.
\par 
\par Costs of $200.00 to each of the Respondent and the Interested Party.
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1202812 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 F. Jitoko
\par }{\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 JUDGE}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid1202812 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 
\par At Suva
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435948 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3415779\charrsid14435948 20 August 2004
\par }}