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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 JUDICIAL REVIEW NO. 11 OF 2002
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Between:
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 v.
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 THE ARBITRATION TRIBUNAL
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 FIJI PUBLIC SERVICE ASSOCIATION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 1st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Interested Party
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 MELAIA BALEIWAI
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 2nd Interested Party
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7876343 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273 Ex parte: }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 LAND TRANSPORT AUTHORITY
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Applicant
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\par Mr. J. Apted for the Applicant
\par No appearance by the Respondent
\par Mr. H. Nagin for the 1st & 2nd Interested Party
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 JUDGMENT
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\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Land Transport Authority}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (the \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 applicant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote ) is applying for judicial review of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Arbitration Tribunal\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (the \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote ) }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 decision/award}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 28 February 2002.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
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\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 decision impugned}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  reads:
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7876343 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'85
.in all the circumstances, I direct that the grievor is to be reinstated with effect from the date of the dismissal.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
In addition, she is to be paid eight (8) months arrears of salary and the balance of the period is to be deemed leave without pay}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .\'94
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\par This Award of the Respondent is contained in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Award No. 9 of 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
 by which the Respondent decided a dispute between the LTA (the applicant) and the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Public Service Association}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (the \lquote 
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Association}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote ) over the dismissal of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Ms Melaia Baleiwai}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (\lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 MB}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote ).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The Applicant\rquote s grounds for challenging the decision
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7876343 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The grounds on which the Applicant challenges the decision are that:
\par 
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\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7876343 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The Decision is invalid, void and of no effect in as much as it contains }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 errors of law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  and warrants the intervention of the Court in the exercise of its supervisory jurisdiction.
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\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 In making the decision, the Respondent failed properly to take into account }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 relevant considerations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .
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\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 In making the decisions, the Respondent improperly took into account }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 irrelevant considerations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .
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\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 In all the circumstances, the Decision was so }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
unreasonable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 , no reasonable Arbitration }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 Tribunal could have come to it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 

\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par The first and second Interested Parties, namely, the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Public Service Association}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (the \lquote }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Association}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote ) and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Melaia Baleiwai}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (\'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 MB}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'94
) respectively opposed the application on the grounds, inter alia, that the Respondent\rquote s decision is not invalid and void and does not contain any errors of law; that the discretion was properly exercised; that it did not take ir
relevant matters into account and that no proper grounds for judicial review have been made out as the Respondent conducted a proper Arbitration hearing and allowed both parties to properly put forward their cases.
\par 
\par As ordered, all parties filed their wri}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 tten submissions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Reliefs sought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par The applicant seeks the following relief:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 an order staying the Decision
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 an Order of Certiorari to remove into this Court and quash the Decision; and
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 a Declaration that the Decision is invalid, void and of no effect.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Land Transport Authority }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 (the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 applicant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 ) is the corporate successor to the former Department of Road Transport (\'93the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Department}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'94).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It was established by the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Land Transport Act 1998}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (No. 35 1998) and assumed the Department\rquote s function with effect from }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 10 July 2000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .
\par 
\par The Chief Executive in the person of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Mr. Manu Korovulavula}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (the \'93}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 CE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'94) was appointed earlier in October 1999 but his appointment was challenged}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 by way of judicial review.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 About the second Interested Party }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Melaia Baleiwai}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 )
\par 
\par The following matters pertaining to Ms Melaia (as stated in Mr. Apted\rquote s written submissions at page 4) gave rise to a trade dispute culminating in arbitration proc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 eedings when an Award was made:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par Ms Baleiwai began work as a Clerical Officer with the Department on 11 May, 1992.
\par 
\par Following the settlement of the industrial problems in July, 2000, Ms Baleiwai together with other employees of the Department were accepted by the Authority as employees.
\par 
\par Subsequently, she received a letter of appointment signed for the Chief Executive on behalf of the Authority.
\par 
\par On 16 August, 2000, a letter appeared in the letters column of the Fiji Sun (\'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 the Letter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'94).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It was accredited to Ms Baleiwai, and S Baba (aka Safaira Tagivuni) and M Raibariki, also employees of the Authority.
\par 
\par The Letter lauded Mr. Tamani, the former Head of the Department for various claimed achievements in achieving the corporation of the Department.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
But more importantly for present purposes, it was extremely critical of the motives, personality, and suitability of the Chief Executive of the Authority, Mr. Manu Korovulavula, and of the Authority\rquote s Board\rquote s decision to appoint him.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 At the time, this appointment remained subject to the challenge by way of judicial review in the High Court by Mr Tamani.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Various internal matters were referred to in the Letter.
\par 
\par It is alleged, inter alia, that by writing the letter the author\rquote s (MB\rquote s) clear intention was not
 only to make public matters which were internal and therefore confidential to the Authority, but also to show disrespect to and harrass the new Chief Executive, Mr. Korovulavula, as well as the Authority\rquote s Board.
\par 
\par The Chief Executive caused a full investigation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
The MB did not make any oral or written apology, explanation or denial of responsibility to the Chief Executive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Hence it was decided that formal disciplinary procedures should be instituted against }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 M B}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .
\par 
\par On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 18 September 2000 charges}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  were laid against her pursuant to the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Public Service Act 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (the \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Act}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote ) and the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Public Service}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Regulations 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The charges 1 and 2 were respectively pursuant to section }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 6(11)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  of the Act and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Regulation 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .
\par 
\par The said section and regulation read as follows:
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 s. 6(11) of the Act
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93
An employee must not, except in the course of his or her duties as an employee, or with the express authority of the Chief executive of his or her Ministry, department or parliamentary body, give or disclose, directly or indirectly, any inform
ation about public business or anything of which the employee has official knowledge\'94. 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 s.6(3) of the Act
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93An employee}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 when acting in the course of employment in the public service, must treat everyone with respect and courtesy, and without coercion or harassment of any kind\'94.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Regulation 22
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 22 - (1)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 If the Commission is satisfied that the employee has breached the Public Service Code of Conduct, the Commission may \endash  
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 terminate the employee\rquote s employment;
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 reduce the employee\rquote s grade;
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 transfer or redeploy the employee to other duties;
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 defer a merit increase in remuneration for the employee for a specified period;
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 (e)\tab reduce the level of the employee\rquote s remuneration; 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 (f)\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
impose a penalty of not more than $500; or
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 (g)\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 reprimand the employee.

\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
In deciding whether an employee has breached the Public Service Code of Conduct and if so what disciplinary action should be taken against the employee, the Commission must comply with the principles of natural justice.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Without limiting subregulation (2), the Commission must \endash 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
allow the employee a reasonable opportunity to present information and to state his or her views about whether the employee has breached the Public Service Code of Conduct and, if so, what disciplinary action should be taken against him or her; and
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 consider any information presented, and any views}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 stated, by the employee.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Contention of 1st Interested Party}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par For the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Fiji Public Service Association}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (the \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Association}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote ) Mr. Pratap Chand, the Principal Industrial Officer of the Association filed an affidavit in support of MB.
\par 
\par He said, inter alia, that CE was appointed under very controversial circumstances and his action in terminating MB was \lquote tainted with bias and personal vendetta and he used the opportunity to even scores.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The decision to terminate M.B. was totally out of proportion to the deed of writing a letter to the Editor\rquote .
\par 
\par Mr. Chand disagreed with the allegations against MB as they did not amount to misconduct of such a nature which justified summary dismissal.
\par 
\par The CE acted ultra vires as the power to discipline was still vested in the Public Service Commission.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Trade Dispute referred to Permanent Arbitrator
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The trade dispute was lodged with the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Permanent Secretary }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
(}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 now called Chief Executive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
) and after failure of the Disputes Committee to reach a consensus the trade dispute was referred to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Permanent Arbitrator}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 P.A.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 ) with the following terms of reference: 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93for settlement over the termination of }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 MELAIA BALEIWAI}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  with effect from 17th October, 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The Association views the actions of the Authority as harsh, unreasonable, discriminatory, unjustified and seeks her reinstatement from the date of her termination without loss of benefit.\'94

\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par At the hearing the applicant adduced evidence and the Chief Executive and the parties provided written submissions to P.A.
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 applicant\rquote s view}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
, in short is that evidence it adduced shows clearly that it has substantive justification for the dismissal in that the conduct of Ms. Baleiwai was conduct deserving of dismissal.
\par 
\par Whereas the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Association\rquote s view}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
 was that LTA acted beyond its powers and it did not have the authority to terminate MB and in any event the decision was unduly harsh.
\par 
\par The Tribunal gave the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
 referred to hereabove after considering the evidence and submissions made by counsel on behalf of the parties.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Determination of the issues
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnb1\pnstart9\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Principles pertaining to judicial review}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par In considering the application before the Court there are certain principles pertaining to judicial review which ought to be borne in mind.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It is important to bear in mind that judicial review is not an appeal from a decision but is a review of the manner in which the decision was made.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It is concerned, \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 not with t
he decision but with decision-making process.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Unless that restriction on the power of the Court is observed, the Court will, in my view, under the guise of preventing the abuse of power, be itself guilty of usurping power\'94 (Lord Brightman in Chief Constable of the North Wales Police v Evans}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  [1982] 1 W.L.R. 1155 at 1173].}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Further in that case }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Lord Hailsham}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  at 1160 commented on the purpose of the remedy under }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Order 53}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 as follows, which is apt:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93This remedy, vastly increased in extent, and rendered, over a
 long period in recent years, of infinitely more convenient access than that provided by the old prerogative writs and actions for a declaration, is intended to protect the individual, judicial quasi-judicial, and, as would originally have been thought wh
en I first practiced at the Bar, administrative.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
It is not intended to take away from those authorities the powers and discretion properly vested in them by law and to substitute the courts as the bodies making the decisions.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It is intended to see that the relevant authorities use their powers in a proper manner.\'94
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par Furthermore, it should be noted that in a judicial review the Court is \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 not as much concerned with the merits of the decision as with the way in which it was reached}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'94 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Evans}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 , supra at 1174).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Also, as put by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Lord \line 
Templeman in Reg. v Inland Revenue Commissioners, Ex parte Preston}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (1985) A.C. 835 at 862:
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93
Judicial review is available where a decision-making authority exceeds its powers, commits an error of law, commits a breach of natural justice, reaches a decision which no reasonable tribunal could have }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 
reached, or abuses its powers.\'94}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 As was said by the Fiji Court of Appeal in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The Permanent Secretary for Public Service Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
The Permanent Secretary for Education, Women &}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Culture ex p. Lepani Matea }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Civil Appeal No. ABU0018 of 1998S at 12 that the Court:
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93
must not do is to determine the merits of the matter, or substitute its opinion for that of the body concerned upon the merits.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par Also to be borne in mind is that one of the purposes of judicial review is to ensure that that an applicant is given a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 fair treatment}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  by the decision-making body in question.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
The judicial review jurisdiction is supervisory to nature.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The Court confines itself to the question of legality when reviewing a dec}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 ision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 (ii)\tab Consideration of grounds of review
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The applicant has raised a number of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 grounds}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
 for judicial review of the said decision and they are dealt with hereunder.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Is there an Error of Law?
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The ground of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 error of law }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 reads:
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93The Responden
t erred in law, misdirected itself and abused its discretion by applying the provisions of the Public Service Act, 1999 and Public Service (General) Regulations, 1999 as between the Applicant and Ms Melaia Balewai literally and as provisions of law, rathe
r than as contractual terms and with necessary modifications\'94.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par By memorandum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 28 July 2000}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  the parties had agreed that \lquote the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Public Service Terms and Conditions of Employment}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  applicable to all staff shall continue to apply from 10 July 2000 to 31 December 2000 or until a new Collective Agreement is concluded between the Government side and the Association\rquote .

\par 
\par Further, the Agreement provided that the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Industrial Relations Code of Practice of 1973}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
 or as amended from time to time was to apply.
\par 
\par I have considered the submissions made by both counsel on this aspect of \lquote error of law\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Mr. Apted dealt with employment law principles at some length.
\par 
\par He said, inter alia, that \lquote an employee does not have the right to be heard prior to a dismissal and 
there are no requirements regarding the procedure to be followed prior to a decision to dismiss and even if such procedures are set out in contractual terms, the only remedy is damages.\rquote 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 Counsel further said that:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \lquote instead of the rigid formalistic admi
nistrative or criminal law approach, which we say he erroneously and unreasonably adopted in respect of the words used in the Charges, it is respectfully submitted he should have identified the parties\rquote 
 contractual intention and upheld the Authority\rquote s submission that that intention had resulted in enforceable contractual terms, and the contractual agreement had been performed as best they could in the circumstances.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par It is respectfully submitted that the Learned Arbitrator erred in law and acted unreasonab
ly in perceiving that in referring to the Public Service sections and regulations in the Charges, the Chief Executive was purporting to actually exercise those provisions }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 as law}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  and to exercise the PSC\rquote s jurisdiction.
\par 
\par I find that P.A. had properly considered the provisions of the Act as reasoned out by him in his Award.
\par 
\par Bearing in mind the said }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 clause (b)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  of the said }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Industrial Relations Code of Conduct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
 there was a correct and proper exercise of discretion on the part of the P.A.
\par 
\par The P.A. after considering the various sections of the P.S. Act and P.S. Regulations came to the conclusion that the \lquote entire process of instituting charges against the grievor and her ultimate dismissal was fundamentally flawed.\rquote  
\par 
\par The P.A. goes on to say in his Award (pat p10) that:
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Admittedly, it may well be that under the common law or even section 28 of the Employment Act, the grievor\rquote s action could be characterized as serious misconduct, justifying the invocation of the CEO\rquote s dismissal powers under}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 his delegated authority (Exhibit 6), but regrettably this was not the basis of the Authority\rquote s case against the grievor.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 In this connection the case of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 State v Permanent Arbitrator \endash 
 Esekaia Nawele and NUHCE Ex-parte Warwick}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (HBJ0019}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 .19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
98) is of very little assistance to the Authority}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 For completeness, in dealing with the issue of \lquote error law\rquote  I ought to state the final portion of the Award at p11 which reads as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 However, suffice it to say, that since the charges against 
the grievor are null & void and that in purporting to terminate her, the CEO was acting without jurisdiction then I have the gravest doubt that the Authority is able to prove the requirements of justification and procedural fairness.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Furthermore, the Trib
unal is of the opinion that since the charges laid against the grievor are null & void and as such her dismissal would be devoid of any legal foundation, the remedy of reinstatement is fair and appropriate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 In exercising its discretion to grant reinstatement, the Tribunal has also taken into careful consideration the CEO\rquote s testimony on this specific question.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
It must also be remembered that the alleged actions of the grievor occurred at a time when a large number of the employees resented the statutory reforms that was taking place with the Authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
I believe that with the passage of time now, the same intensity of resentment is perhaps no longer in existence, and no doubt the workers and indeed the grievor would have come to terms with the inevitable chan}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 ges in the Authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par In the light of the fact that since all the actions taken by CE were under the P.S. Act and Regulations and MB was governed by the Public Service Terms & Conditions of Employment it is logical to conclude that in this case the dis
ciplinary action was still vested in the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Public Service Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (the \'93}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'94).
\par 
\par On the evidence before me I }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 do not find}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  that there was \lquote }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 error of law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote . When a point of law arises the reigning rule as stated by }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Wade}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 , }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Administrative Law 5th Ed. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 at p817 is as follows and is apt to be applied to the facts }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 and circumstances of this case:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93\'85the reigning rule today is more sophisticated and less legal.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It is designed to give greater latitude to tribunals, where there is room for difference of opinion.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
The rule is, in effect, that the application of a legal definition or principle to ascertained facts is erroneous in point of law only if the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 conclusion}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  reached by the tribunal is }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 unreasonable}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 If it is within the range of interpretations within which d
ifferent persons might reasonably reach different conclusions, the court will hold that there is no error of law.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The applicant has one view of the application of the Public S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 ervice Act and Regulations vis \'e0}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  vis the application of pure employment law as argued by Mr. Apted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
The P.A. has given his own interpretation of the relevant provisions of the Act and Regulations and has reached certain conclusions as already stated hereabove.
\par 
\par It is my view that in the light of above-quoted \lquote reigning rule\rquote  the P.A. has come to a decision which is not \lquote unreasonable\rquote  to give rise to it being declared invalid on the ground of being an \lquote }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 error of law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .
\par 
\par I think this concept of \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 error of law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote 
 as a ground for review could on the facts and circumstances of this case be properly explained and understood in so far as it is material here from the following passage from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Notes. 48.1.5 Judicial Review Handbook}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  3rd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Ed. by }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Michael Fordham}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 :
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'9348.1.5. Need for material error of law/misdirection.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 R v Hull University Visitor, ex p Page [1993] AC 682, 702 C-D (Lord Browne-Wilkinson, referring to a \'93
relevant error of law, ie. an error in the actual making of the decision which affected the decision itself\'94; there, counsel contended that \'93the recent decision of this House in R v Independ
ent Television Commission, ex p TSW Broadcasting Ltd [(1982) [1996] JR 185], has thrown doubt on the proposition that all errors of law vitiate the decision.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 In my judgment this is a misreading of that authority.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
This House was asserting that the mere exis
tence of a mistake of law made at some earlier stage does not vitiate the actual decision made: what must be shown is a relevant error of law, ie., an error in the actual making of the decision which affected the decision itself\'94
), applied in R v Governor of Brixton Prison, ex p Levin [1997] AC 741, 749A; R v Wolverhampton Coroner, ex p McCurbin [1990] 1 WLR 719, 730 H-731 A (Woolf LJ: \'93
 The position here is that, in the case of any application for judicial review, the remedy is discretionary.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 If, albeit th
ere has been a misdirection but the misdirection has not affected the outcome in any way, the court were to intervene, they would, in view, be misusing judicial review.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Judicial review is required to put right a situation where things have gone wrong and an injustice requires to be remedied\'94
); R v Knightbridge Crown Court, ex p Marcrest Properties Ltd [1983] 1 WLR 300 (remedy refused where errors of law in oral judgment had not affected the decision or caused any prejudice);]
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par Was the Chief Executive Biased?
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par The facts also reveal that the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 CE was biased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  against M.B.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The alleged letters to Editor was critical of him and he }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 himself}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  went ahead and took disciplinary action against M.B.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 procedure}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  adopted by CE was highly improper and it was quite obvious that he showed his biased nature.
\par 
\par The grievor (MB), responded to the disciplinary charges and as stated by the applicant\rquote s Human Resources Manager \lquote following its receipt, the response was considered by a disciplinary panel and then the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Chief Executive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
 who in all the circumstances of the case decided under powers delegated to him by the Board of LTA that her employment should be terminated and MB was dismissed with immedia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174726 te effect on 12 October, 2000
\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par To start off with because the CE was biased against MB he should not have taken any part in dealing with the disciplinary charges against her.
\par 
\par In these circumstances I see no merit in the applicant\rquote s argument that the Public Service Act and Regulations were merely used as a \'93convenient reference point
 as the source of terms and conditions which the LTA and FSPA had agreed in the Agreement should apply\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 She was even warned that \lquote 
she might be liable to one or more of the penalties set out in regulation }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 22 (1) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 of the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Public Service Regulations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 , 1999, which included the termination of her employment.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Bias}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  is another form of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 procedural unfairness}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It is the appearance or suspicion of bias which counts.
\par 
\par In this case the CE, the decision-maker was prejudiced against his employee MB for she had written the alleged letter against CE who himself conducted the inquiry and came to the decision to terminate her employment immediately.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Because of these facts CE may be led into taking into account irrelevant considerations.
\par 
\par The applicant was entitled to a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 fair hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Here the CE himself judged her, that is, by one who had an \lquote interest\rquote  in the matter as a consequence of the said letter to the newspaper.
\par 
\par One of the principles applying to a \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 judge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote  or \lquote }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 person judging}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote  is that everyone coming before him/her has a \lquote }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 fair trial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 One of the principles is that \lquote a judge\rquote :
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Must have no interest himself in any matter that he has to try.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 He must be impartial.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 No person can be a judge in his own cause\'85.. he must not have the slightest interest in the result}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 of the case.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 (Book:}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The Road to Justice by Sir Alfred Denning}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 , p19, 1955).
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par Another matter which should have been borne in mind by the CE is that \lquote justice must be seen to be done\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
He should have realised}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 that \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
if there are any grounds, which they were here, on which anyone might think that he might be biased in favour of one side or the other, he must not sit to try the case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Denning ibid }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 p.23).
\par 
\par The following passage from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Denning}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 , ibid at p23-24 is pertinent to the facts of this case:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93If in any of the cases by some
 oversight he should sit and then it is discovered that there was the mere possibility of his being biased, his decision will be upset, even though the decision, as a decision, was quite correct.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The reason is because it is of the utmost importance that every person should be able to feel that his case has been tried by an upright and impartial judge.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It is a settled principle of our law that justice must not only be done, but it must manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done\'94.

\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Therefore, on \lquote bias\rquote  alone the applicant and CE\rquote s decision to terminate can be upset irrespective of whether there was an \lquote error of law\rquote  or not.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par Denial of natural justice
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 When the applicant decided to terminate MB\rquote s employment she should have been accorded natural justice by being heard.
\par 
\par Whichever procedure was applied by the applicant including the CE\rquote s active participation in making the decision as an interested party, the fact remains that she was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
not heard on punishment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \lquote rules of natural justice\rquote  Lord Bridge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Lloyd v McMahon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (1987) AC 625 at 702 stated as follows and it is pertinent:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93The so-called rules of natural justice are not engraved on tablets of stone.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 To use the phrase which better expresses the underlying concept, what the requirements of fairness de
mand when anybody, domestic, administrative or judicial, has to make a decision which will affect the right of individual depends on the character of the decision-making body, the kind of decision it has to make and the statutory or other framework in whi
ch it operates.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par Similar observations were made by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Lord Lane}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
R v Commission for Racial Equality ex parte Cottrell and Rothon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (1980) 3 All E.R 265, 271 as follows:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93
Indeed, all that the rules of natural justice mean is that the applicant should be treated fairly.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Accordingly, before assessing the fairness of the manner in which the decision complained of was taken\'85, it is necessary to analyse the context in which [it] was made and the nature of the decision.\'94
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par Further on \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 opportunity to be heard}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Kioa v West}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (1985) 159 CLR 550, 584-565 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Mason J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
 (as his Honour then was) remarked that:
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93
What is appropriate in terms of natural justice depends on the circumstances of the case and they will include, inter alia, the rules under which the decision-maker is acting \'85.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 In this respect the expression \'93procedural fairness\'94
 more aptly conveys the notion of a flexible obligation to adopt fair procedures which are appropriate and adapted to the circumstances of the particular case.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The statutory power must be exe
rcised fairly, i.e. in accordance with procedures that are fair to the individual considered in light of the statutory requirements, the interests and purposes, whether public or private or which the statute seeks to advance or protect or permits to be ta
ken into account as legitimate considerations\'85.\'94
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par On the facts in this case I find that natural justice was denied MB by the applicant.
\par 
\par In support of this proposition I refer to the following passage in the judgment of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Supreme Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  in the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Permanent Secretary for Public Service Commission and The Permanent Secretary for Education, Women and Culture and Lepani Matea}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (Civil Appeal No. CBV0009 of 1998 at p3 Supreme Court of Fiji):
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The respondent brought in the High Court judicial review proceedings agai
nst his dismissal.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
By a judgment delivered on 18 March 1998 Byrne J. ordered inter alia that the dismissal be quashed on the ground of the Commission\rquote s failure to give the respondent any opportunity to be heard and also on the ground that the penalty of di
smissal was too harsh.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
On appeal the Court of Appeal (Casey, Savage and Dillon JJ) in a judgment delivered on 29 May 1998 confirmed Byrne J\rquote s decision on the first ground.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 They pointed out that what is a fair hearing depends on the circumstances of the case: a right of personal appearance need not always be given.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
On the second ground they thought that, on judicial review at common law, the court is limited to considering whether a penalty was so severe and out of proportion that no reasonable}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 body could have imposed it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
The second ground has not been argued in the Supreme Court so we are not concerned to consider the relevant scope of the common law as to judicial review or any constitutional question such as the right to freedom from disproportionately sev
ere punishment (article 25(1) of the Constitution of 1998).
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par It is also provided in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Reg 22(2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Public Service Regulations 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  that the respondent must }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 comply with rules }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 natural justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It provides:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93In deciding whether an employee has breached th
e Public Service Code of Conduct and if so what disciplinary action should be taken against the employee, the Commission must comply with the principle of natural justice.\'94
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par And the following passage from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Matea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  (supra at p4) is pertinent where a person\rquote s }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 livelihood is at stake}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 :
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93There are numerous authorities establishing, at common law, that where someone
\rquote s livelihood is at stake that person is entitled to a fair opportunity of a hearing unless the relevant legislation has clearly excluded it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 There is a presumption that natural justice applies; or, as Lord Reid put it in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Wiseman v Borneman}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  [1971] A.C. 298, the courts supplement procedure laid down in legislation if the statutory procedure is insufficient to achieve justice and the additional steps would 
not frustrate the apparent purpose of the legislation.\'94
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par Further, when a person\rquote s livelihood is affected natural justice should be extended as shown by the following extract from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Annetts v McCann }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 170 CLR 596 at 598, the High Court of Australia said:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93It 
can now be taken as settled that, when a statute confers power upon a public official to destroy, defeat or prejudice a person\rquote 
s rights, interest and legitimate expectations the rules of natural justice regulate the exercise of that power unless they are excluded by plain words of necessary intendment.\'94
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par An opportunity to be heard should be accorded as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Dixon CJ}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 The Commissioner of Police v. Tanos }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 98 CLR 383 at 395 said \endash 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93For it is deep rooted principle of the law that before anyone can be punished an
d prejudiced in his person or property by any judicial or quasi judicial proceedings he must be afforded an adequate opportunity of being heard.\'94
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 In the light of the principles pertaining to natural justice its denial has led to procedural impropriety.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par Relevant and irrelevant considerations
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It was the duty of the Permanent Arbitrator to have regard to all }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 relevant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  matters, and not to any irrelevant matters for failure to comply may render the decision invalid.
\par 
\par Upon perusal of the record of proceedings before me, the Permanent Arbitrator had done what was required of him with reference to \lquote settlement of dispute\rquote  referred to him.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 I therefore hold that there is no merit on this ground.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Is it a case of Wednesbury unreasonableness?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par The applicant asserts as one of its grounds that no reasonable tribunal would have come to the said decision.
\par 
\par An unreasonable decision is one which no reasonable tribunal or decision maker acting with due appreciation of his/her responsibilities would have}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 arrived at.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It is when a decision is \'93}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 manifestly unreasonable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'94 that unreasonableness is declared.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It is this ground of review which was highlighted by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Lord Green MR}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  in a leading case }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Associated Picture Houses Limited v Wednesbury Corporation}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  [1948] 1 K.B. 223 at 230, 233-234; hence the term \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Wednesbury unreasonableness}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'94.
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 guiding principles}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  as stated in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Wednesbury}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273  at 233-234 is as follows:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7174726 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \'93
The Court is entitled to investigate the action of the local authority with a view to seeing whether they have taken into ac
count matters which they ought not to take into account, or conversely, have refused to take into account or neglected to take into account matters which they ought to take into account.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Once that question is answered in favour of the local authority, it m
ay be still possible to say that, although the local authority have kept within the four corners of the matters which they ought to consider, they have nevertheless come to a conclusion so unreasonable that no reasonable authority could ever have come to 
it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 In such a case, again, I think the court can interfere.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
The power of the court to interfere in each case is not as an appellant authority to override a decision of the local authority, but as a judicial authority which is concerned, and concerned only, 
to see whether the local authority have contravened the law by acting in excess of the powers which Parliament has confided in them.\'94 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par Taking into account all that I have stated hereabove on the principles involved in the matter of unreasonableness, I find that the whole approach of the Respondent to the applicant\rquote s case has not been Wednesbury unreasonable.
\par 
\par The Permanent arbitrator did not act ultra vires.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 He properly directed himself on the relevant law and acted reasonably.
\par 
\par For these reasons this ground of review fails.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Conclusion
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid7174726 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 I agree entirely with the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 reasoning}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
 and the procedure adopted by the Arbitrator in making the Award.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
The applicant itself followed the provisions of the Public Service Act and Regulations in dealing with the disciplinary charges against the employer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It acquiesced in the procedure laid down in the said Regulations and therefore it cannot have any room to complain about \lquote error of law\rquote  on the part of the Permanent Arbitrator.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par A somewhat similar situation as in this case arose in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Fiji Islands Revenue & Customs Authority v The Permanent Arbitrator & Another }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 (Judicial Review No. HBJ0011 of 2001S).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
There the principles governing employment contract was raised and argued.
\par 
\par In this case also, I do not see any merit in the applicant\rquote s argument about the applicability of principles governing law of employment along the lines argued by Mr. Apted.
\par 
\par On the evidence before me all relevant considerations were taken into account and nothing irrelevant was introduced by the Permanent Arbitrator in considering the issue before him in line with terms of reference for his consideration.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 He heard submissions from both the applicant and the Interested Party (the Association).
\par 
\par No question of \lquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Wednesbury Unreasonableness}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 \rquote  arises in this case on the Award.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
If anything it was the Chief Executive who was unreasonable in that he was biased as I have observed hereabove and he denied the employee natural justice.
\par 
\par Irrespective of what procedure was adopted by the Land Transport 
Authority on the conduct of M. Baleiwai, the fact that CE was biased against her and denied her natural justice before pronouncing termination of her employment are sufficient and strong enough grounds in themselves to quash the CE\rquote s decision.

\par 
\par In these circumstances the applicant\rquote s coming to Court for judicial review makes no sense when it itself did not give a fair hearing to its employee particularly when it affected her livelihood.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 It was an abuse of power on the part of CE to dismiss her from employment \lquote forthwith\rquote  without according her natural justice.
\par 
\par For these reasons I find that there are no merits in any of the grounds for judicial review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
Not only the applicant had not accorded natural justice to the dismissed employee but also meted out a punishment which did not appear justified in the circumstances.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 This situation would not have arisen had the employee been heard}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1405273  before punishment was imposed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par 
\par The application for judicial review is therefore dismissed with costs against the applicant (Land Transport Authority) in the sum of $500.00 to be paid to the solicitors for the interested parties within 14 days.
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 D. Pathik
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 Judge}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1405273 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876343\charrsid1405273 
\par At Suva
\par 15 September 2004
\par }}