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{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\author Information Technology Unit}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo12\dy3\hr17\min20}{\revtim\yr2005\mo12\dy3\hr17\min20}{\printim\yr2004\mo8\dy20\hr9\min2}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords1726}
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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: HAA0}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5065986\charrsid8979098 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 74 OF 2004S
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 Between:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5065986\charrsid8979098 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 FILIPE BABA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 THE STATE
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5065986  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 19th August 2004
\par Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5065986  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 20th August 2004
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5065986  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 Appellant in Person
\par Ms L. Chandra for State
\par 
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\par The Appellant was sentenced to a total of 4 years imprisonment in respect of the following offences:
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 FIRST COUNT
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 LARCENY}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
: Contrary to sections 259 and 262 of the Penal Code, Cap. 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 Particulars of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 FILIP
E BABA, with others between 8th day of December 2001 and 9th day of December 2001 at Tamavua in the Central Division stole a set of rental car number plate DG 104 valued $30.00 the properties of LATCHMAIYA NAIDU s/o Krishna Naidu.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 SECOND COUNT
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 UNLAWFUL USE OF MOTOR VEHICLE}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 : Contrary to section 292 of the Penal Code, Act 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 Particulars of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
FILIPE BABA, with others on 9th day of December 2001 at Tamavua in the Central Division unlawfully and without colour of right but not so as to be guilty of stealing took private van registration number DI888 for their own use.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 THIRD COUNT
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 ROBBERY WITH VIOLENCE}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 : Contrary to section 293(1)(a) of the Penal Code, Act 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 Particulars of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 FILIPE BABA, with others
 on 12th day of December 2001 at Tamavua in the Central Division being armed with offensive weapons robbed ANJILA NARAYAN d/o Birja Nand of $10,000.00 cash, the property of Australian New Zealand Bank.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 FOURTH COUNT
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 Statement of Offence}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 LARCENY}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
: Contrary to section 262 of the Penal Code, Act 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 Particulars of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
FILIPE BABA, with others between 8th day of December 2001 and 13th day of December 2001 at Suva in the Central Division, stole 1 spare tyre cover valued $275.00, car stereo valued $1000.00
, 1 pair sunglass valued $550.00, 1 purse valued $800.00, cash $55.00, Fiji driving licence valued $13.50, New Zealand driving licence, credit cards, ANZ visa cards, safe deposit key valued $10.00, a ball pen valued $700.00, 1 wheel jack valued $50.00 and
 a tyre valued $140.00, all to the total value of $3683.50, the properties of RUI RU HON.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par He now appeals against convictions and sentence on the grounds that he did not receive a fair trial, his medical report was not considered in relation to his challeng
e to the admissibility of the confession and that there was no direct evidence (other then the confession) of his guilt.
\par 
\par The Appellant was remanded in custody from the 14th of January 2002, when the case was first called in the Magistrates\rquote  Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 On the 25th of January he pleaded not guilty on all counts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
There were a number of adjournments and the Appellant was granted bail on the 22nd of January 2003.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
Prior to that date he had been a serving prisoner.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He was granted bail so that he could retain the services of a lawyer.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 On the 2nd of May 2003, he failed to appear in court and a bench warrant was issued.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 It later transpired that he was in prison for other offences.
\par 
\par The trial finally proceeded on the 22nd of July 2003.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The evidence was that on the 8th of 
December 2001, the motor vehicle hired by one Latchmaiya Naidu was stolen from his home at Ragg Avenue.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
On the 9th of December 2001, there was a robbery at the ANZ USP Branch.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The glass broken by two masked men who took $9000 in cash.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The ANZ manager said that he saw four men and that one was carrying a gun.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He said $15,000 was stolen.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
The security officer at the USP saw a red car DG104 with four passengers in it and a driver.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
He shut the security gates but the car drove through.
\par 
\par \tab The investigating officer PC Jitoko Filipe located the rental vehicle at 32 Queens Road.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
He found a pinch bar inside, an air gun, a pair of blue canvas shoes, a wig, maroon balaclavas, and a white glove.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
He received information that the Appellant was the driver of the getaway vehicle and brought him to the Central Police Station for questioning on the 9th of January 2002.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He tendered the interview notes.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
On the 11th of January he conducted a further interview at the Central Police Station.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The accused identified a vodafone which he
 said he had used in the robbery, the number plate DG104 found in the vehicle use in the robbery, a pinch bar, a gun a pair of canvas shoes and the wig.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 This last item the accused said he had worn to drive the getaway vehicle.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The shoes and the wig were seized from the accused when he was arrested.
\par 
\par It was suggested to Constable Jitoko by the Appellant in cross-examination, that he had obtained the confession by torture and that the Appellant, as a result had to be admitted to the Private Hospital.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 According to the record, no medical report was tendered or shown to the witness.
\par 
\par Th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086  accused\rquote s father gave evidence in the defence case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He said that on the 12th of December 2001 his son, the accused was at home until 11.15am.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He then left to visit one Atu.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He ag
reed that he had been sitting in the back of the courtroom for most of the trial and that he did not know where his son was between 11.15am to 8.30pm.
\par 
\par Atunaisa Bokadi gave evidence that the Appellant was at his house with his sons from between 10am to 11am to 12pm on the 12th of December.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 His wife, Mere Koroi Mocelutu gave evidence that the Appellant came home at 11am and was there at 1.30pm on the 12th of December 2001.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The Appellant then made written submissions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
The prosecution also made submissions.
\par 
\par The learned Magistrate found that the only evidence implicating the Appellant directly was his interview to the police.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
In the interviews he admitted being a party to the robbery and to being involved in the planning of the robbery.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
He accepted the interviews after considering whether or not force had been applied to the Appellant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
He found that the interviews were voluntary and that he had signed every page.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
The learned Magistrate convicted the Appellant on all four counts, but found him guilty of stealing only the purse and $55 on Count 4.
\par 
\par The Appellant had 10 previous convictions for similar offences.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He said he was 25 years old, single and unemployed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The turaga-ni-koro of his village made a submission of the Appellant\rquote s behalf.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He said that the Appellant should be sent to his village in Lau for 3 years instead of being imprisoned.
\par 
\par In his sentencing remarks the learned Magistrate said that he had already acceded to a request to send the Appellant back to his village in 1999 but that he had returned to Suva to commit more serious offences.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He considered a custodial sentence to be inevitable.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He used 5 years as the starting point, and took into account the fact that no one was injured in the robbery and that the Appellant was the driver and did not enter the bank.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
He arrived at 4 years imprisonment on Count 3 (robbery with violence), 3 months imprisonment on Count 1, 3 months imprisonment on Count 2 and 6 months imprisonment on Count 4.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He was disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for 2 years.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 All sentences are to be served concurrently.
\par 
\par The Appellant\rquote s petition of appeal was 2 days out of time but the learned Magistrate granted leave to appeal out of time.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 The grounds of appeal
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par The first ground of appeal is that the Appellant was prejudiced by lack of legal representation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
It is correct that the Appellant was never told of his right to a lawyer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
However, on the 22nd of January 2003, the Appellant was evidently aware of that right, because he said: \'93I am not ready.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
I require legal assistance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 I will be released from prison on 24.2.2003 and then I will be in a position to look for a counsel.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 At the moment I am serving at Maximum prison and as such have difficulty in communicating and arranging for a lawyer.\'94
\par 
\par The Appellant was then granted bail so that he could arrange for counsel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He did not make any arrangements.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 Indeed he has remained unrepresented and opted to proceed with this appeal without a lawyer.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The court record shows that he conducted his defence ably and with some confidence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He cross-examined on all matters in dispute and called witnesses to establish an alibi.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 I do not consider that he was in any way prejudiced by lack of representation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 Further I consider that despite the long period of remand, he waived his right to counsel because he took no steps to engage a lawyer despite the adjournments.
\par 
\par Nor do I consider that his trial was unfair.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
He was given every opportunity to cross-examine to challenge evidence and to call evidence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
His written submissions to the court show that he had an excellent grasp of the evidence against him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
He quite correctly pointed out that the only evidence against him was the caution interviews and that he disputed them on the grounds of lack of voluntariness and oppression.
\par 
\par The proceedings were fairly conducted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 This ground is dismissed.
\par 
\par The second ground, and main ground of appeal is that the learned Magistrate did not consider the medical report which supported his submission that he was forced to confess.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 There is nothing on the record to indicate that the Appellant showed his medical report to any of the witnesses.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The prosecution filed an affidavit, of Inspector Bhawani Prasad to show that the report was never produced in evidence and that the prosecution had no idea it existed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The Appellant disputes the contents of the affidavit saying that the report was tendered but that it was ignored.
\par 
\par The court record shows that it was not tendered.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 There is no reference to the report on the record.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 This supports the prosecutor\rquote s account of events.
\par 
\par In any event, even if it had been tendered, I do not consider that it could have assisted the Appellant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
The report shown to me by the appellant, in the course of this appeal is dated the 20th of February 2002.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
It is produced on the letterhead of the Suva Private Hospital and is not produced in the official medical report form usually tendered in criminal proceedings.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 It states that the Appellant was escorted to the Private Hospital by two police officers on the 24th of January 2002.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He had fever, a cough and \'93pleuritic chest pain.\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
Although he told the doctor he had been assaulted by police on the 10th of January 2002 the doctor\rquote s findings do not confirm any injury consistent with assault.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 Instead he was diagnosed as having left lobar pneumonia with pleural effusion accompanying chest injury.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 He was referred to the CWM Hospital for hospitalisation.
\par 
\par There is nothing in the medical report which might have caused the Magistrate to have a reasonable doubt about the voluntariness of the confessions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 There were no injuries found on him consistent with severe beating over 4 days with, as he told me, the leg of a chair.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 His interviews themselves read logically and coherently.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
He was given many breaks for rest and refreshment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 Although his custody period was long, his confes
sions were on the 9th of January and 11th of January and made after appropriate breaks.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
I do not consider the circumstances to be oppressive particularly when the Appellant appears to have been interrogated about a number of offences.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 The learned Magistrate correctly directed himself that he had to be satisfied of the voluntariness of the confessions before he could rely on their contents.
\par 
\par For these reasons this ground of appeal also fails.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 Sentence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par Although the Appellant did not press an appeal against sentence, he did say that the sentence was excessive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 I do not agree.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 A four year term for a masked and armed robbery on the premises of an educational institution, is not harsh.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979098  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 It is not wrong in principle.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 Conclusion
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par This appeal is wholly dismissed.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8979098 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid8979098 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340086 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948619\charrsid4340086 
\par At Suva
\par 20th August 2004
\par }}