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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.: HAA 53 OF 2004
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 STATE
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 AND
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 ANELD VIKASH NAND
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid7688008  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 Appellant \endash  In Person
\par Ms K. Bavou \endash  for Respondent
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid7688008 Date of Hearing: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 23rd July, 2004
\par Date of Judgment: 4th August, 2004
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 Background
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par This is a State\rquote s appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid7688008  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 The accused was charged with:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908 I.\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
Driving a motor vehicle whilst there is present in the blood a concentration of alcohol in excess of the prescribed limit contrary to Section 103(1)(a) and 114 of the Land Transport Act (Cap.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 35 of 1998).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908 II.\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
Dangerous driving contrary to Section 98(1) and 114 of the Land Transport Act (Cap.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 35 of 1998).
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15598908 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908 III.\tab }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Failure to produce a driver\rquote s licence, contrary to Regulation 6(1) and 46 of the Land Transport Drivers Regulations 2000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par The accused appeared before the Magistrates Court on the 13th of January, 2004 and pleaded guilty to count 1 and not guilty to counts 2 and 3. 
\par 
\par The learned Magistrate convicted the accused on the first count and sentenced him to a one thousand dollar fine in default 3 months imprisonment and imposed a disqualification of his driver\rquote s licence for 4 months.
\par 
\par However, in respect of the second count of dangerous driving the learned Magistrate was of the view that as the offences described in counts 1 and 2 arose from the same facts to proceed with both counts would amount to an abuse of process.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Accordingly, on the basis of his interpretation }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 R v Forest of Dean Justices, ex-parte Farley}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908  [1990] RTR 288 DL, (\'93Farley\'94) he discharged the accused.

\par 
\par In respect of count 3 the learned Magistrate set a date for trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par 
\par The State appeals and submits that there was an error of law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
It is argued that Farley is not applicable to the facts of the case in this appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 It is further submitte
d that without hearing the matter the learned Magistrate could not determine whether the factual basis for counts 1 and 2 were so similar that the double jeopardy principle expressed in Farley might apply.
\par 
\par The respondent is unrepresented.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 This matter was given a call-over a month before the appeal.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
At that appeal call-over the respondent was advised of his rights to obtain legal representation and reminded of the possibility of legal aid.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 He was directed to reply in any way he wished to submissions from the State.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 He did not do so.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
He appears unrepresented today and says he will abide the decision of the Court. 
\par 
\par For the State Ms Bavou in her usually diligent manner had produced a written submission.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
Counsel also tendered at the appeal hearing a recent judgment by my sister Justice Shameem, State v Roqica}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908\charrsid15598908 , HAA0046.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 2004S dated 9th July 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
I had not read the case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Independent of her honour\rquote s decision I had however come to the same conclusion.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 The Law
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908\charrsid15598908 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 The learned Magistrate in his well constructed sentencing decision quotes a selected passage from the Farley decision.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
The reference given in his judgment did not co-relate to the copy of the case decision I obtained, so accordingly I quote from the passage sighted in the learned Magistrate\rquote s decision:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 \'93Wher
e a defendant is facing two charges, one of dangerous driving and the other of driving with excess alcohol, based upon the same facts, the prosecution should choose either to proceed with the charge of dangerous driving and consider bringing the lesser ch
arge if the defendant is acquitted, or to proceed with the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908 excess alcohol charge alone.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
The invariable rule is that where a person is tried on a lesser offence he is not to be tried again on the same facts for a more serious offence. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 A contrary cause of action would amount to an abus}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908 e of the process of the Court\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
His worship goes on to comment that this guideline has not been strictly followed in Fijian Courts and asked prosecutors to take notice of it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 He further says that this judgment was upheld by the High Court in a case entitled }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 The State v Josefa Matau}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 , Case No. 24 of 1995.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
Regrettably, despite my request for a search of that decision it could not be found.
\par 
\par In any event I read the full }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Farley}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908  decision from the Queen\rquote s Bench Division dated the 11t
h of April, 1990 reported in (1990) RTR at 228.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
With the greatest of respect to the learned Magistrate, I do not appreciate from reading the decision that the principle he sought to extract was a correct interpretation of the case nor can it be so starkly and generally relied upon in the stated manner.

\par 
\par I am concerned that the wrong impression of the impact of Farley may have been given and that this might dissuade prosecutors from proceeding with a combination of offences following an alcohol related accident.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 This is not the position.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 My sister Justice and I agree on this point [CF. }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Roqica}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908  (supra P.6)].
\par 
\par I find on review of the decision that it was not so much to do with the issue of double jeopardy but more the proposed manipulation of the evidential burd
en by shrewd case management thus depriving a defendant of an essential protection provided by the Law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
For this reason it would have been an abuse of the process of the Court to proceed in the manner proposed by the prosecution.
\par 
\par Lord Justice }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Neill}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908  summed it up in this way:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 \'93
It would be unfair for the applicant to have to face a very serious charge of causing death by reckless driving in circumstances where the burden of proof in the central issue of reckless driving would in effect be placed on him (page 239(f)\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 In England under the statutory provisions}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
contained in the PACE Legislation, the prosecution having once proved the assumed alcohol level against an accused was not required to prove it all over again.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 In the circumstances contemplated in Farley
 his alcohol level in the dangerous driving charge was to become an assumed material fact to be taken as established against him although it had never been proved by the prosecution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 That cannot be right.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 The }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Farley}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908  decision is correct but of very limited application to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908  a narrow set of circumstances.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par 
\par I was also referred to a Federal Court of Australia decision that of }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Travers v Wakeham}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908  [1992] 54 A.M.R. 205.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 In my view that case has greater applicability to this instant State appeal than }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Farley}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 .
\par }\pard\plain \s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 In }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Wakeham}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908  the accused was convicted and sentenced for driving over the prescribed limit and dangerous driving.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
The Supreme Court overruled the convictions commenting that a man should not be twice punished for the same acts or admissions. The Crown appealed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908\charrsid15598908  to the Federal Court.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par 
\par In the Federal Court it was held that:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908 (1)\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
The ultimate facts that constitute the element of each charge were different and therefore the respondent had}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
 not been punished twice and therefore had been correctly convicted on both counts (page 211).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908 (2)\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
That if the respondent\rquote s blood alcohol reading had been so high as to grossly impair his appreciation of his manner of driving then it could be argued he should suffer condign punishment for only the dangerous driving charge. (page 216).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 The 
Federal Court was of the view that the result of any breath analysis and any inferred alcohol content of the respondent\rquote s blood at the time when the driving occurred were evidentiary, not ultimate, facts in relation to the dangerous driving. 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Decision
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908\charrsid15598908 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 The offences described in counts 1 and 2 are distinct.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 The guilt of the accused in respect of count 2 should have been determined according to law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 The point of the Farley case is that it is a commentary on where the onus of the proof should lie.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 By manipula
ting the case order in the way they sought, the Crown were able to ingeniously defeat the fundamental principle that the onus of proof be on the prosecution to prove every element of every offence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 That is not the situation here.
\par 
\par The proper course of acti
on in this case was for the learned Magistrate to proceed and hear the dangerous driving charge but be careful to ensure that the State were not given any evidential advantage. The State would still be required for the purposes for the dangerous driving c
harge to prove beyond reasonable doubt that there was alcohol of known concentration in the defendant\rquote s blood at the time of the dangerous driving and that this fact in some way contributed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 to the elements of endangerment of the public on an open road.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par 
\par Further, if convicted of both offences, the learned Magistrate might then have to consider where the condign penalty should lie and by an appropriate application of the totality principle, reach a fair sentence. 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Conclusion
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 I note that despite their notice of appeal the State have not pursued an appeal against sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 What they seek in their submission is simply that the decision of the learned Magistrate on the second count be set aside and the matter be remitted to the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court for trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688008\charrsid15598908  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 In all the circumstances that is an appropriate }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908 request to make and I so order.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7688008 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid7688008 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 Gerard Winter
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid11815301 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15598908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598908\charrsid15598908 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353477\charrsid15598908 At Suva
\par 4th August, 2004
\par }}