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{\info{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\author Information Technology Unit}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo12\dy3\hr15\min51}{\revtim\yr2005\mo12\dy3\hr15\min51}{\printim\yr2004\mo7\dy12\hr10\min41}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords933}
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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: HAA}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406\charrsid5202406 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 067 OF 2004S
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 Between:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid934767\charrsid5202406 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid934767\charrsid5202406 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 EPINERI QARAU
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 And:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid934767\charrsid5202406 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid934767\charrsid5202406 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 THE STATE
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid934767\charrsid5202406  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 Appellant in Person
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 Mr. W. Kurisiqila for State
\par 
\par Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid934767  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 9th July 2004
\par Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid934767  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 16th July 2004
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
\par The Appellant appeals against his sentence of 18 months imprisonment on the ground that it is harsh and excessive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
His charge reads as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 BULKSTORE BREAKING ENTERING AND LARCENY}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 : Contrary to Section 300(a) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid5202406 Particulars of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5202406 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
EPINERI QARAU, on the 22nd day of March 2004, at Suva in the Central Division, broke and entered into the bulk store of FIJI NATIONAL PROVIDENT FUND and stole from therein assorted tools valued at $103.00
, 12 energy saver bulbs valued at $174.00 and one bottle petroleum jelly valued at $1.00 to the total value of $278.00, the property of the said FIJI NATIONAL PROVIDENT FUND.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
\par The Appellant pleaded guilty to the charge on the 23rd of March 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 The facts were read out and he agreed to them.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He admitted 40 previous convictions and in mitigation expressed remorse.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He further said that he lived with his mother and brothers in Newtown and that he was unemployed.
\par 
\par Some aspect of the Appellant\rquote s conduct in court must have led the learned Magistrate to believe that he needed a psychiatric examination, because he ordered such an examination immediately after mitigation.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 On the 20th of April 2004 the consultant psychiatrist advised the court that the Appellant was fit to plead.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 However, the report also said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4009933 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 \'93
Epineri is well known to both the prison authorities and the St. Giles Hospital. He suffers from a major form of mental illness, namely, Bipolar Affective Disorder and also has a dissocial personality disorder.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He has had 10 admissions to St. Giles Hospital since 1986.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid4009933 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4009933 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 On this admission, he was unkempt and uncooperative.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He had poor eye contact and showed underlying aggression.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He was quite irritable.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He gave irrelevant answers.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He was rude and did not answer to questions.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He denied hearing voices and did not express any delusions.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He was showing symptoms of imminent relapse so he was commenced on medication.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He has in the past been very aggressive and threatening in nature.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid4009933 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4009933 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 I am of the opinion that he was awar
e of his actions at the time of the commission of the alleged crime and as such should be held responsible for his actions.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
He is fit to plead.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid4009933 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4009933 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
For safety and security reasons I would suggest that he be treated in the prison environment rather than in the hospital.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
\par The plea was then taken again, and the Appellant pleaded guilty again.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
However on this occasion, the facts were not read and no fresh mitigation was heard.
\par 
\par The learned Magistrate took into account the remorse and other mitigation and said that he had taken into account the Appellant\rquote s aggressive and threatening behaviour at the St. Giles\rquote  Hospital.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He said that the case warranted the imposition of an immediate custodial sentence and sentenced him to 18 months imprisonment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He recommended that he be reviewed by a psychiatrist whilst in prison.
\par 
\par State counsel submitted that the Appellant had previous convictions for offences of dishonesty and disorderly conduct dating back to 1985.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 He further said that the tariff for bulkstore breaking was 18 months to 3 years imprisonment and that the Appellant received a sentence at the lowest end of the tariff.
\par 
\par I would agree with him, except for the circumstances of the Appellant\rquote s mental health.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
This case illustrates with some clarity the real difficulties experienced by the Fiji courts in the sentencing of the mentally ill.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 Those offenders who require treatment rather than punishment ought not to be confined in a prison facility.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 They should be treated for their mental illness.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
Unfortunately there are no facilities at the St. Giles\rquote  Hospital for the criminally insane, especially those who have a violent propensity.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 The courts are often forced to sentence the mentally ill to a prison sentence, recommending psychiatric treatment whilst the offender is in custody.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 The justification for such sentences would appear to be the protection of the public.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
However, it is inescapable that the imprisonment of the criminally insane is wrong in principle unless the prison facility in question has been set up to treat the mental condition of the offender in secure premises.
\par 
\par At the hearing of this appeal, the Appellant told me that he had not been reviewed by any psychiatrist whilst in custody, and that he was no longer taking his medication because of the side effects experienced by him.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
This, if correct, reveals the real difficulty which is the consequence of the imprisonment of the mentally ill in facilities not intended to treat for such illnesses.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 It is unjust to imprison those who have committed offences and who are suffering from mental illness.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 It is also wrong to release the dangerously insane while they remain a danger to the public.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 The answer must surely be the building, or the development of a special facility for the criminally insane, focussing on the treatment of 
the offenders, and kept detained until certified to be no longer a risk to the public.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
Prison without treatment is not the place for the mentally ill.
\par 
\par However, neither the presiding magistrate nor I have powers to order the detention of the Appellant at St. Giles\rquote  Hospital.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
Sections 148 and 150 of the Criminal Procedure Code provide that a court can report a case to His Excellency the President for an order for confinement in a mental hospital where the accused is either unfit to plead, or has been found t
o have committed the offence whilst insane.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
In this case the Appellant was found to be fit to plead, and sane at the time of the commission of the offence.
\par 
\par In this case, I see no alternative to a prison sentence provided the recommendation for treatment is followed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
To check that it is followed, I intend to deliver my final judgment in this matter one month from today, on August 13th 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202406  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
In the meantime, the prosecution must obtain a further report from the St. Giles\rquote  Hospital confirming that the Appellant has been receiving medication and treatment whilst in custody.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4009933 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid4009933 Nazhat Shameem
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9524180 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7691517\charrsid9524180 
\par At Suva
\par 16th July 2004
\par }}