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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT SUVA \par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 CRIMINAL CASE NO. HAC}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197\charrsid15938197 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 003 OF 2004 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 THE STATE \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 SAMUELA LEDUA \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Applicant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197\charrsid15938197 Counsel: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Ms P. Madanavosa - for the State \par Accused - in Person \par \par Date of Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 7 \endash 11 June, 2004 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 Date of Sentence: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 28 June, 2004 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 SENTENCE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par Samuela Ledua, by the unanimous opinion of the three assessors, you have been found guilty after trial on one count of attempted murder and one count of incest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 I have concurred with these opinions and you have accordingly been convicted. \par \par The facts briefly stated are these.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Your marriage relationship with your wife deteriorated and you turned to your daughter for the social and physical intimacy normally reserved for a marriage relationship. You described that life as like a husband and wife. \par \par You admitted to the police that on Tuesday the 30th of September last year you had sexual intercourse with her.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You justified that to the Interviewing Policeman by saying: \par \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15938197 \i\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \'93 We both know what was happening because once I told her that what we were doing is wrong and she replied \'93its okay it}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 '}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 s too late\'94.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 It}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 '}{ \i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 s already happened.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 She further stated that for me to look after her education well and that we will migrate overseas.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 She also said that \'93 she will then look after me there and we will be having two children when she have attained the age of twenty-seven (27)\'94. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 It was clear from your police interview that you had a long standing intimate relationship with your daughter.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 In your own mind at least you thought that secret was safe as no one would ever reveal your relationship as it was \'93founded both in agreement and founded in truth\'94.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par As for the attempted murder charge the sad fact is that your daughter unburdened herself and disclosed your relationship with her.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You tried to convince your wife and daughter to withdraw that allegation but they did not do so to your satisfaction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You had little sleep and little to eat over the next few days.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You became desperate over your daughter\rquote s disclosure and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 the loss of your relationship.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par \par As an undercover military operative you had long since armed yourself with a bayonet that you kept for protection.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You took this bayonet, ran with it to a house where your wife and children were sheltering.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Made your way into their bedroom.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Confronted your daughter and stabbed her in the chest. \par \par You later surrendered to the police and told Acting Inspector Tui that you had stabbed your daughter to death.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You gave as the reason you stabbed her an allegation by your daughter that she had been raped by you.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You commented that you were quite satisfied with what you had done. \par \par Your daughter was rushed to hospital.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 It was discovered she had a large chest wound.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 She survived your attack. \par \par You were arrested and held in prison on remand awaiting trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Whilst in prison you and your family reconciled.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Your daughter recanted her allegation that you had a sexual relationship with her and said that the knife wound in her chest was somehow caused solely by her and not you. \par \par Given these circumstances the State could not call either your wife or your daughter.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 They were however available witnesses.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 They were not called by you at the trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You have sought to explain why in your mitigation. \par \par I have to sentence you on the basis of the facts displayed in evidence not the facts as you or your family would wish them to be.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par \par In accordance with that principle the simplest sentencing background to this matter is that you had a sexual relationship with your daughter that you knew was wrong and forbidden.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Your daughter told the police.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 T he fact that she broke your unspoken bond angered you; rather than live with that shame you decided to kill her. \par \par These facts speak for themselves.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 No amount of reconciliation or late conversion can take away the stain of your ugly and deplorable actions. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Background \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You are a mature man 37 years old.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You are married and have three girls aged 8, 11 and 15 attending primary and secondary school.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You are an articulate and intelligent man.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You joined the Republic of Fiji Military Forces as a soldier on the 13 th of November, 1987 and have served a total of 17 years to date.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 That service has been with merit.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You have served in peacekeeping forces overseas.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You are a trained Intelligence Operative working undercover in the Suva community. \par \par You have two previous violence related convictions. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Your Mitigation \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You provided the Court last week with a comprehensive letter written in the Fijian language which has been translated by the Court.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 This letter was supplemented by correspondence from the Fijian Prison Fellows hip, a report from your Commanding Officer in the Army and letters from your wife and children.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 I have considered all of these materials. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 The Attempted Murder \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Section 214(a) of the Penal Code provides life imprisonment as the maximum available penalty. \par \par In the }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 State v Manieta Navonovono}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 CA HAC0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 017 of 2001L my brother Justice Govind in sentencing an accused on an attempted murder charge emphasized that apart from punishment for this crime the Courts must sternly sentence offenders to deter others.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 I agree. \par \par This is a most serious offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 There is no mitigating remorse.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You freely admitted these charges to the police.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You even commented that you were satisfied with what you had done in stabbing your daughter in the chest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 That is a terrifying indictment on your character. \par \par The starting point for this offending in my opinion is a term of imprisonment of 10 years. \par \par The aggravating features are: \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Your complete lack of remorse.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 A degree of premeditation and planning in your attempt to kill your daughter. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 The life threatening injury suffered by her. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 The complete betrayal of trust between you and your daughter, you should have been her protector not her killer. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You are not a first offender.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You have previous convictions. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par Against these aggravating features are the mitigating factors: \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You have served your country well.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You are a decorated soldier. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Although not remorseful you couch your mitigation in terms of your children\rquote s needs and not your own selfish desire to avoid imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 That small comfort stands to your credit. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par Although not determinative of sentence I take into account the heartfelt plea of your daughter victim that you not be sent to jail.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 This plea is supported by her two younger sisters and your wife.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 While I accept their pleas for clemency they must realise that my obligations go beyond adherence to their needs only. \par \par For all of the aggravating factors I consider the sentence should be increased by a further 4 years making a sentence of 14 years imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 However, against that total term I must take into account the mitigating features and properly acknowledge all of them but especially your dedicated service to the Fijian Military Forces and peacekeeping roles for other nations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Taking the mitigating features into account I would discount the sentence by 4 years making an effective term for imprisonment of 10 years in jail. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 The Incest \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Section 178 of the Penal Code now provides a penalty of 20 years imprisonment for incest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Prior to June of 2003 the maximum term for offences of this kind was 7 years imprisonment. \par \par The State have indicated by increasing the penalty that this is a most serious offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Sentencing principles applicable prior to the amendment should still be taken into account but as a result of the increase in the maximum available sentence starting points and overall duration of sentences will naturally increase. \par \par My sister Justice Shameem had occasion to consider sentencing tariffs for incest in various appeals including }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Sikeli Koro v The State}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 , Criminal Appeal HAA0048 of 2002 and }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 State v Viliame Tamani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 , a State Appeal found in Criminal Case 007 of 2003S. \par \par In }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Tamani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 at page 5 of her judgment her honour after consideration of the English Court of Appeal in }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Attorney-General\rquote s reference No. 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 of 1989}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 90 CR.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 APP. R.141 laid down guidelines for sentencing in such cases which she considered to be useful in Fiji. \par \par At page 7 her honour said: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \'93 Where the victim is aged between 13 to 16 years, sentences between 5 years and 3 years imprisonment would be appropriate depending on the level of harm to the child and the degree of corruption involved.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Where the victim is under the age of 13 a term of 6 years imprisonment would be appropriate.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 The younger the victim the more likely it is that her will was overborne and the more serious the offending\'94. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Her honour did comment that where the victim was over the age of 16 years and in special}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 circumstances sentences could range from a nominal penalty to 3 years imprisonment depending on whether there was a degree of force and consideration such as the need to keep the family in tact. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par In the light of the statutory amendment I would suggest the following starting points: \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Where the victim is over the age of 16 and special circumstances exist with a need to keep the family unit intact particularly for counselling and therapy in situations where there has been genuine remorse showed by a contrite offender.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Four years imprisonment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Where the victim is aged between 13 to 16 years sentences should find a starting point of 7 to 10 years imprisonment, depending on the level of harm to the child and the degree of corruption involved. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls7\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}} \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Where the victim is subjected to long term sexual abuse from a young age with complete corruption of her life and development.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Offenders must expect a starting point of 10 to 15 years imprisonment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par In my view this offending requires a starting point of 6 years imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 I find that you had a long standing intimate relationship with your daughter.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 However, you are to be sentenced for one act of incest. \par \par Aggravating the offending is \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls8\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 the complete lack of remorse \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls8\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 gross breach of trust between the father and daughter \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls8\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 the fact that the you beat your daughter up before you had sexual intercourse with her \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls8\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 the level of corruption of the daughter victim as she was led into belie ving that her sexual relationship with you was normal to such an extent that she is still now completely blinded by your influence over her life. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par In terms of mitigating features it is clear}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 that you have a genuine affection for your family \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 no previous sexual offending \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 other contributions to society \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls9\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 an apparent reconciliation by your family with you, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par The aggravating features, in my mind, are balanced out by the mitigating features.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 I, therefore, order an effective se}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 ntence of 6 years imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 The Totality Principle \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 This offending, although part of a continuing course of conduct, related to 2 quite separate crimes.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 You had sex with your daughter then you tried to kill her.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 I am obliged to consider sentencing you consecutively for each crime. \par \par I would normally have done so, but for the heartfelt pleas of your family and the hope that your 8, 11 and 15 year old may have some realistic prospect of maintaining a relationship with you into their adult lives.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 I have decided that for them but not you consecutive sentences would be excessive in total.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 I accordingly order that both sentences be served concurrently.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15938197 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 The result is that you go to jail for }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 10 years. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 Gerard Winter \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15938197 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393011\charrsid15938197 \par At Suva \par Monday 28th June, 2004 \par }}