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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: HAA0}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5591564\charrsid5591564 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 51 OF 2004S
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 Between:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8269011\charrsid5591564 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 WAISALE VAKARAUVANUA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 And:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8269011\charrsid5591564 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8269011\charrsid5591564 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 THE STATE
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8269011 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
\par Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8269011  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 Appellant in Person
\par Mr. D. Prasad for State
\par 
\par Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8269011  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 18th June 2004
\par Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8269011  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 25th June 2004
\par 
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\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8269011 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
The Appellant was charged on one count of the following offence:
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8269011 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8269011 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 LARCENY}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 :
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 Contrary to Sections 259(1) and 262(2) of the Penal Code, Act 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8269011 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 Particulars of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8269011 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 WAISALE VAKARAUVANUA on the 5th day of June,
 2003 at Suva in the Central Division, stole 2 packets of Juicy fruits valued at $20.00 the property of M.H. Supermarket, Rodwell Road.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8269011 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
\par He pleaded guilty to the offence on the 19th of January 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 The facts were that on the 5th of June 2003, he stole the
 two packets of chewing gum, hid them in his jacket and went past the cashier at Morris Hedstrom\rquote s without paying.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
The security guard arrested him and took him to the police.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
These facts were admitted, the Appellant was convicted, and he admitted 44 similar convictions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
He asked for leniency and expressed remorse.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
He had offended whilst serving a suspended sentence for larceny, imposed on the 15th of May 2003.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
He was asked to show cause why the 9 month term imposed, should not be activated.
\par 
\par The matter was then called on the 30th of January 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 The Appellant was then represented by Mr. Seru.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 Mr. Seru told the Court that the Appellant\rquote s employer was present and asked for leniency on the Appellant\rquote s behalf.}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 Mr. Seru asked \'93for variation of the suspended sentence.\'94
\par 
\par The prosecution said that the Appellant had 46 previous convictions for the same offences, in respect of which he had received suspended sentences.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 They asked the court to activate the suspended sentence.
\par 
\par The Court held that the Appellant had been given 25 suspended sentences, or binding over orders and that he had taken advantage of the leniency shown to him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 He had disobeyed all the court orders made and had re-offended in this case only 20 days after he was convicted on the 16th of May 2003 also for larceny.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 He sentenced him to 9 months imprisonment and activated the 9 month suspended sentence in full.
\par 
\par The Appellant now appeals the total sentence of 18 months imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
He says that it is harsh and excessive given the small value of the items stolen.
\par 
\par State counsel submitted that the Appellant appeared to be a habitual petty thief who was possibly suffering from a disorder which led him to such crime.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 He suggested that the sentence in total was not excessive but that I should consider recommending psychiatric examination as a variation of the sentence.
\par 
\par Dealing firstly with the sentence of 9 months imposed for the substantive offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
The tariff for a first conviction for simple larceny is 2-9 months imprisonment (}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 Ronald Vikash Singh v. State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5591564  HAA00}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 35 of 2002, }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 Josevata Taucilagi v. The State}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011  Crim. App. No. HAA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5591564 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 096 of 2002S).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
On a second conviction, a sentence in excess of 9 months imprisonment (the length being dependent on the value of the goods stolen and the circumstances of the stealing) is appropriate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 Suspension should be considered for first offenders especially in cases of petty theft.
\par 
\par Despite the almost negligible value of the goods stolen in this case ($20 worth of chewing gum) the Appellant has committed the same offence on many occasions in the past, and shows an inability to rehabilitate himself.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 In }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 Viliame Cavuilagi v. State}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011  Crim. App. No. HAA0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5591564 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
31 of 2004 Winter J said of an offender with 42 previous convictions for burglary and larceny offences:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5591564 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 \'93
Repetitive, recidivist offending must inevitably lead to longer sentences of imprisonment unless the offender can demonstrate special circumstances that motivate the court to sentence otherwise.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 This principle meets three of society\rquote s needs.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
Firstly it might act as a deterrent to the offender and others who fall into a pattern of semi-professional crime to support themselves.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 Second society is entitled to sideline or warehouse repeat offenders out of the community for longer periods of time so that at least during the term of incarceration t
hey cannot wreck havoc on the lives of law abiding citizens.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
Third offenders deserve punishment that fits the circumstances of the crime.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8269011 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
\par The 9 month sentence for a repeated offender was therefore correct in principle.
\par 
\par The activation of the suspended sentence was also correct in principle.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
The Appellant committed the offence within the operational period, and the offence was similar to the substantive offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
He was asked to make submissions about the activation of the sentence and counsel made those submissions for him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
It appears that he is employed and that his employer is supportive of him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
The only reason why a suspended sentence might not be activated is the relative triviality of the subsequent offence (}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 R v. Moylan}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011  53 Cr. App. R. 590) and the activated sentence should normally run consecutive to the substantive sentence.
\par 
\par The stealing of $20 worth of chewing gum might be considered trivial in the case of a first offender.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
It is not trivial in this case, considering the Appellant\rquote s long list of petty thefts dating back to 1988.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
There was no reason for the non-activation of the sentence.
\par 
\par However I consider that the total imposed, of 18 months is excessive given the nature of the total offending.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 As was said in }{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 R v. Bocskei}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011  54 Cr. App. R. 519, where a
 suspended sentence is ordered to run consecutively with a new sentence of imprisonment, the court should consider whether the aggregate sentence is just and appropriate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 In this case I believe that it is too long given the value of the goods stolen in each case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 As such I vary the activation of the sentence to 3 months and order that it run consecutive to the 9 month term imposed in the substantive case.
\par 
\par This appeal therefore succeeds to the extent that the activated term is reduced to 3 months imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
The Appellant must serve a total of 12 months imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 
I further recommend that the Appellant be examined by the Consultant Psychiatrist of the St. Giles Hospital to ascertain whether his propensity for stealing has psychological and treatable causes.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 I recommend that the Prisons Authority refer the Appellant for psychiatric examination for that purpose.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 Nazhat Shameem
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5591564 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid5591564 
\par At Suva
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8269011 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177381\charrsid8269011 25th June 2004
\par }}