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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867\charrsid6778867 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 JUDICIAL REVIEW NO.: HBJ 53 OF 2003
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In the matter of an application by HARI GYAN SEN seeking leave to apply for Judicial Review under the RHC Order 53 Rule 3(2), the Applicant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 AND
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 In the matter of th
e decision of the Public Service Appeal Board dated 12th November 2003 allowing the appeals of Mr. MOHAN LAL and Mr. BIHARI LAL against the provisional promotion of the Applicant, the Respondents.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 BETWEEN:
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 THE STATE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867\charrsid6778867 

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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 v.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867\charrsid6778867 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 PUBLIC SERVICE APPEAL BOARD
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 First Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867\charrsid6778867 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 MOHAN LAL
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Second Respondent
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 BIHARI LAL
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Third Respondent
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Fourth Respondent
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 EX-PARTE:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867\charrsid6778867  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 HARI GYAN SEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par Applicant
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\par Mr. R.P. Singh for Applicant
\par Mr. H. Rabuku for First Respondent
\par Mr. J. Raikadroka for Fourth Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 JUDGMENT
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\par This is an application for judicial review of two decisions of the first respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 The decisions were made on 12th November 2003.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 They concerned the post of Head Teacher at Doctor Ram Lakhan Primary School in Nasinu.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 It is Grade ED4C school.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 The Ministry of Education appointed the applicant Hari Gyan Sen to the post.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 The second and third respondents appealed to the first respondent against the appointment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Both appeals were allowed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
The ground for allowing each appeal was that the appellant had }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \'93an edge over the provisional promotee in terms of having potential to advance to a higher post\'94}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 .
\par 
\par The appellant met the MQR and was acting Head Teacher at the school in question since 26th June 2000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
The school is an ED4C level which means it must have eleven teachers or 311 or more pupils.
\par 
\par The second respondent also met the MQR.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
At time of the application for post he was head teacher in Nakilikoso Primary School since 1st January 1998.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
It is a level ED5E school which means it has six teachers or 136 or more pupils.
\par 
\par The third respondent also met the MQR.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 He was Head Teacher at Boubale Indian School.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 It is a level ED5E school which means it has six teachers or 136 or more pupils.
\par 
\par The advertisement in response to which the various applicants applied for the post read:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \'93390/2002 HEAD TEACHER ED4C
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 [1]\tab Dr Ram Lakhan Primary School
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
To administer a ED4C primary school, offer professional guidance to staff, teach and liaise with school committee, parents and Ministry of Education staff.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 The appointee should be able to contribute towards the social and cultural life of the school and supervise the teaching of vernacular language.
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Qualifications}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 :\tab Qualification as for ED8 and at least 1 year service with a superior assessment in the ED4 or 2 years in ED5E or 5 years in ED5A \endash  D or 6 years ED6D grade.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
Relevant degree from a recognized University and superior administrative ability and professional leadership skills would be an added advantage.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Completed 3 years rural service or superior assessment in the last 3 years.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 For a Special Education post, a relevant tertiary qualification from a recognized institution.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Where relevant, hostel management experience will be preferred.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Potential to advance to a higher post.\'94
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\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
Paragraph 1 gives the duties and objectives of the post.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
Paragraph 2 gives the qualifications necessary for appointment what is commonly called the minimum qualification requirements (MQR).}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
It is common ground that all three met the MQR so any one of these three persons qualified.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 One therefore had to look at s
ome qualities or qualifications over and above the MQR to say why one person was better suited for the post.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par The applicant in his notice for motion for leave to apply for judicial review had sought followi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867 ng reliefs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 :
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Order of certiorari to quash the dec
isions of the first respondent where it allowed appeals of second and third respondents.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 For a declaration that the decision allowing the appeal was in \'93
excess of jurisdiction, erroneous, irrational irregular unreasonable and unfair and null and void\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 F
or a declaration that the applicant is entitled to equal opportunity and advancement for promotion in his assessment by the fourth respondent.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Order for mandamus for rehearing on merit.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Costs.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par The applicant submits that the first respondent had considered extraneous matters in reaching the conclusion that the second and third respondents have }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \'93
an edge over the provisional promotee in terms of having potential to advance to a higher position\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 He submits that the applicant had been an Assistant Head Teacher in ED4C for over eight years and Acting Head Teacher for 21/2 years at close of vacancy on 15th June 2001.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 In short, the applicant submits that he is a better qualified for the post than the second and third respondents.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 PROCESS NOT MERITS IS PROPER AMBIT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
Courts have over the years developed a body of substantive principles in the field of public law to control public bodies from exceeding their powers, or abusing their powers in the performance of the duties.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Consonant with these principles, the court\rquote 
s will only exercise their power and review exercise of power by a statutory body, to examine if it has, as the fourth respondent put it, -
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 made an error of law.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 failed to take into consideration all relevant factors or has considere
d irrelevant factors.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Acted for the purpose expressly or impliedly authorized by statute.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Acted in a way so unreasonable that no public body would act in that way.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
Observed the statutory procedural requirements and common law principles of natural justice and procedural fairness \endash  }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Council of Civil}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867  }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Service Unions v. Minister for Civil Service}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867  \endash  1984 4 ALL ER 935.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par In short judicial review is not an appeal on merits but concerns the process by which a decision was arrived at.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
It is not the essence of the judicial review process }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \'93to substitute the opinion of the judiciary or of individual judges for that of the authority}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 concerned by law to decide the matters in question\'94}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867  \endash  }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Chief Constable}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 of North Wales Police vs. Evans}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867  \endash  1982 1 WLR 1155.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 PRESENT CASE:
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 With these preliminary statements of law I shall embark on examination of the present case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Since there is an attack on the two appeals as being unreasonable and irrational a somewhat close look at the two decisions is warranted.
\par 
\par The applicant in the present case was promoted by the Ministry of Education but on appeal the appeals by the second and third respondents were upheld.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 The minutes at the hearing of appeal and the decisions are annexed to the affidavit of Jone Bisa.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 The decision was made after the parties were afforded opportunity to address the first respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 The first respondent looked at the MQR and the relative experience, qualifications and certificates held by them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 In the case of second respondent, it said that both the applicant and the sec
ond respondent met the MQR but the second respondent had a Diploma in Hindi as opposed to applicants Ordinary Diploma in Construction Studies from FIT.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 It held that the Diploma in Hindi is more relevant for primary school teachers compared to appellant\rquote s diploma.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 It also looked at Annual Confidential Reports (ACR).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
In case of appellant his ACR stated }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \'93outstanding and highly fitted for promotion\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867  as opposed to applicant
\rquote s which stated }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \'93good and fitted for promotion\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 It said the appellant did not }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \'93possess su
perior administrative ability and professional leadership}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 skill\'94}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867  to support its conclusion.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 I shall come back to this later.

\par 
\par In case of the third respondent against the first respondent looked the requirements of the MQR.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 It concluded both the applicant a
nd the third respondent met the MQR.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
It said that the third respondent had acquired tertiary certificate qualification, a diploma in English and Completed six units towards Bachelor of Education degree.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 These qualifications are relevant to teaching in primary school as opposed to applicant'\rquote  ordinary Diploma in Construction Studies, which was not relevant.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 It also looked at the ACR which in case of third respondent was }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 \'93Outstanding and highly fitted for promotion\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867  and therefore he possessed superior adminis
trative ability and professional leadership skills.
\par 
\par Mr. Singh for the applicant emphasized that the first respondent laid too much emphasis on the ACR.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
The performance of the applicant was rated as Good and fitted for Promotion whilst that of the second and third respondents was rated as Outstanding and Highly fitted for Promotion.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 However, this is where the comparison ends.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
The second and third respondents were based in level ED5E schools which is a school with six teachers or 136 plus pupils.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
The applicant was in level ED4C which is a school with eleven teachers or 311 or more pupils.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
Surely the latter is a far more demanding and challenging task than one in level 5 having virtually twice as many teachers and pupils.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Despite this the recommendation for the applicant was good and fitted for promotion.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 The first respondent did not direct its mind towards the greater demand from a person in level 4 when compared to one in level 5.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 The ACR I am of the view was uncritically given undue prominence by the first r
espondent without evaluating and comparing the nature and extent of demand and challenge because of the different levels the applicant and the respondents served in.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 It was a relevant matter and was not addressed by the first respondent in reaching its decision.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 Accordingly I order that certiorari shall go to quash the said decision of the first respondent made on 12th November 2003.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6778867  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 I also award costs against the first, second and third respondents but not the fourth respondent which is only a nominal defendant.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 [ Jiten Singh ]
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6778867 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par At Suva
\par 10th June 2004}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080873\charrsid6778867 
\par }}