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{\author Information Technology Unit}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo12\dy3\hr10\min30}{\revtim\yr2005\mo12\dy3\hr10\min30}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords695}{\nofchars3966}{\*\company Judicial Department}{\nofcharsws4652}{\vern16391}}
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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: HAA032-033 OF 2004S
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 Between}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11272445 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11272445 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 VILIAME BALE
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 And:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11272445\charrsid672342 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11272445\charrsid672342 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 THE STATE
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11272445 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
\par Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11272445  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 24th May 2004
\par Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11272445  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 4th June 2004
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11272445  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 Appellant in Person
\par Mr. B. Solanki for State
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11272445 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
\par The Appellant was charged, on 28th December 2001 on one count of act with intent to cause grievous harm.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
He was convicted, after trial, on the 6th of September 2002 and sentenced to 9 months imprisonment suspended for 24 months.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
On the 24th of November 2003 he was convicted of shop-breaking with intent to commit a felony.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
His offence was alleged to be committed on the 26th of October 2003 within the operational period of his suspended sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
He was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment, and his suspended sentence was activated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 He appeals against sentence.
\par 
\par The charge in respect of the subsequent offending read as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11272445 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid672342 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 SHOP BREAKING WITH INTENT TO COMMIT FELONY}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 Contrary to Section 302(2) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11272445 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 Particulars of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11272445 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid672342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
VILIAME BALE on the 26th day of October, 2003 at Nausori in the Central Division broke and entered into the shop of HASMUKH LAL s/o VALLABH BHAI with intent to commit a felony therein, namely larceny.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11272445 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
\par The Appellant pleaded guilty.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
The facts were that on the 26th of October 2003 the Appellant was found on the roof of the complainant\rquote s shop in Nausori.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
He was cutting the roof and was seen by police officers who surrounded him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 He threw a pinch bar at them and fled.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 He was arrested and charged.
\par 
\par These facts were admitted, as were 24 previous convictions.
\par 
\par In mitigation the Appellant said he was 36 years old, and was married with one child.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
In his sentencing remarks, the learned Magistrate asked the Appellant why the suspended sentence should not be activated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
The Appellant said he wanted another chance because he was about to commence employment with the Public Works Department, and was ready to change his way of life.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 The learned Magistrate said that the Appellant did not appear to have learnt his lesson and sentenced him to 2 years imprisonment and activated all 9 months of the suspended sentences.

\par 
\par In his letter of appeal to this court, the Appellant said that his sentence was harsh and excessive and that his previous convictions were inaccurate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 In court he further submitted that he had not entered the shop and therefore could not have been convicted on the charge.
\par 
\par In respect of the latter submission, the Appellant, being a lay person, is obviously not aware of the statutory definition of breaking and entering.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 Section 297 of the Penal Code defines breaking and entering as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid672342 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 \'93
A person who breaks any part, whether external or internal, of a building, or opens by unlocking, pulling, pushing, lifting, or any other means whatsoe
ver, any door, window, shutter, cellar-flap, or other thing intended to close or cover an opening in a building, or an opening giving passage from one part of a building to another, is deemed to break the building.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11272445 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid672342 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 A person is deemed to enter a building a
s soon as any part of his body or any part of any instrument used by him is within the building.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11272445 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid672342 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
A person who obtains entrance into a building by means of any threat or artifice used for that purpose, or by collusion with any person in the building, or wh
o enters any chimney or other aperture of the building permanently left open for any necessary purpose, but not intended to be ordinarily used as a means of entrance, is deemed to have broken and entered the building.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11272445 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
\par In this case the Appellant was found cutting the roof of the shop with a pinch bar.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
When a person is found breaking part of the roof of a shop at 8.30pm, there can be no misunderstanding about that person\rquote s intent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 He clearly had an intent to commit a felony therein and the charge was disclosed by the facts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 The appeal against conviction fails.
\par 
\par In respect of sentence, the Magistrates\rquote  Court showed considerable compassion in giving the Appellant a non-custodial sentence in relation to the charge of act with intent, an offence which normally results in a custodial sentence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 His subsequent offending within the operational period shows that the compassion shown to him may have been misplaced.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 There was no good reason not to activate the suspended sentence.
\par 
\par As for the sentence of 2 years imprisonment for the subsequent offence, this sentence is at the lower end of the tariff for breaking and entering cases.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 I do not consider it to be harsh and excessive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672342  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
Nor is the total sentence excessive in the circumstances of the offending.
\par 
\par This appeal is dismissed.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid672342 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid672342 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11272445 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728150\charrsid11272445 
\par At Suva
\par 4th June 2004
\par }}