{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f35\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\f36\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502050508020304}CG Omega{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f169\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f170\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f172\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\f173\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f174\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f175\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f176\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\f177\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f519\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f520\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f522\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f523\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}
{\f524\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f525\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f526\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f527\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f528\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}
{\f529\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Omega CE{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f533\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Omega Tur{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f536\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Omega Baltic{\*\falt Century Gothic};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;
\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{
\s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 1;}{\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 2;}{\s3\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f36\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 3;}{\s5\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f35\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 5;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 header;}{\*\cs16 \additive \sbasedon10 page number;}{\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 \styrsid7687751 footer;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid1744757640\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc4
\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname ;}\listid100685717}{\list\listtemplateid1643692406\listsimple
{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listname ;}\listid463236084}{\list\listtemplateid2099927482
\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listname ;}\listid503593678}
{\list\listtemplateid-969344830\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listname 
;}\listid739712103}{\list\listtemplateid1414046262\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }
{\listname ;}\listid936181840}{\list\listtemplateid1930863228\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat7\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li720
\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listname ;}\listid1039360427}{\list\listtemplateid-1953851690\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 
\fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listname ;}\listid1158619119}{\list\listtemplateid-308781204\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat2\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers
\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname ;}\listid1282230673}{\list\listtemplateid-1855397644\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname ;}\listid1452280163}{\list\listtemplateid-698308136\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listname ;}\listid1569265310}{\list\listtemplateid714629246\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listname ;}\listid1957758996}{\list\listtemplateid1240079938\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listname ;}\listid1993674823}{\list\listtemplateid-916682834\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listname ;}\listid2024673119}{\list\listtemplateid601775328\listsimple{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listname ;}\listid2040428578}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid2024673119
\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid1452280163\listoverridecount0\ls2}{\listoverride\listid1039360427\listoverridecount0\ls3}{\listoverride\listid1993674823\listoverridecount0\ls4}{\listoverride\listid100685717\listoverridecount0\ls5}
{\listoverride\listid1569265310\listoverridecount0\ls6}{\listoverride\listid1957758996\listoverridecount0\ls7}{\listoverride\listid739712103\listoverridecount0\ls8}{\listoverride\listid2040428578\listoverridecount0\ls9}{\listoverride\listid1282230673
\listoverridecount0\ls10}{\listoverride\listid503593678\listoverridecount0\ls11}{\listoverride\listid463236084\listoverridecount0\ls12}{\listoverride\listid1158619119\listoverridecount0\ls13}{\listoverride\listid936181840\listoverridecount0\ls14}}
{\*\rsidtbl \rsid809183\rsid1002707\rsid1264239\rsid1858344\rsid3234570\rsid3688608\rsid3819318\rsid6633186\rsid7552118\rsid7669824\rsid7687751\rsid9969330\rsid11338502\rsid14878485}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6764;}{\info{\title Ethan Frome}
{\author EW/LN/CB}{\keywords Ethan}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo12\dy2\hr15\min35}{\revtim\yr2005\mo12\dy3\hr9\min10}{\printim\yr2004\mo5\dy20\hr16\min3}{\version8}{\edmins87}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords2153}{\nofchars12276}{\*\company  }
{\nofcharsws14401}{\vern16391}}\margr1440\margb720 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0
\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot7669824 \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain 
\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\b\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. HAA}{\fs24\insrsid1858344 0}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 017 OF 2004
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\b\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 JOSUA NATAKURU
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\b\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 STATE
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid3234570\charrsid7687751 Counsel: }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 Appellant \endash  }{\i\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 In Person}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par }{\i\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 Mr. D. Prasad}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751  \endash  for the State
\par 
\par Date }{\fs24\insrsid3234570\charrsid7687751 of Hearing: }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 5th May, 2004
\par }{\fs24\insrsid3234570\charrsid7687751 Date of Judgment: }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 11th May, 2004
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\b\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7687751 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 Introduction
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par On the 18th of March, 2001 the appellant was co}{\fs24\insrsid7687751\charrsid7687751 nvicted on one charge of rape. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 He was granted leave to appeal against that conviction on the 27th of February, 2004}{
\fs24\insrsid7687751\charrsid7687751 . }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 The file was prepared and submitted on the 8th of April, 2004}{\fs24\insrsid7687751\charrsid7687751 . }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
A hearing date was scheduled and proceeded on the 5th of May, 2004.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 Particulars of the Offence and Trial:
\par }{\fs24\insrsid3234570\charrsid7687751 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 There was no doubt that }{\fs24\insrsid809183 sexual intercourse took place. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 The issue in this trial was always going to be whether or not it was consensual.
\par 
\par The evidence disclosed that the appellant who was vaguely known to the complainant met up with her at about 2 o\rquote clock i}{\fs24\insrsid3234570\charrsid7687751 n the morning outside her home.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
 They had a discussion the result of which was that she agreed to go with the}{\fs24\insrsid3234570\charrsid7687751  appellant to his home at USP.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par 
\par They walked through Flagstaff}{\fs24\insrsid1002707  and down to the USP compound. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 At his invitation they entered a vacant home, went to a bedroom and had sexual intercourse twice. Thereafter th
e complainant took her leave at about 6.00am and walked home arriving }{\fs24\insrsid3234570\charrsid7687751 at about 6.30am in the morning.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par 
\par Thus far I have summari}{\fs24\insrsid1002707 zed the case in a neutral way. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 The point of difference between the appellant and the complainant was that she says the sexual intercourse was non-consensual and to}{
\fs24\insrsid1002707 ok place after protest by her. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 He claims that everything that hap}{\fs24\insrsid1002707 pened was entirely consensual.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3688608 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7687751 In support of the Prosecution the police:}{\fs24\insrsid3688608 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11338502 {\fs24\insrsid3688608\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid7687751\charrsid11338502 1. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
Introduced into evidence a part exculpatory and part inculpatory statement from the appellant.}{\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid7687751\charrsid11338502 2. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
Produced a medical report through an investigating officer without calling the author of the report.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid1002707\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid7687751\charrsid11338502 3. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
Claimed that a complaint made by the victim some 14 hours after the event was recent and c}{\fs24\insrsid1002707 orroborative of her allegation.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11338502 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
\par In answer to the introduction of this evidence the appellant:}{\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid1002707\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid7552118  -}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Attempted to challenge the voluntariness and fairness of the statements.}{
\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid7552118\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid7552118  -}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
Claims he demanded that the author of the medical report be present in Court for cross examination.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid1002707\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid7552118  -}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Remained ignorant about the law or importance of recent evidence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11338502 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 Grounds of Appeal}{\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid11338502 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 In a written petition of appeal the appellant essentially specifies these grounds:}{\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502 1. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 That the confession was procured under duress and was inadmissible.}{
\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502 2. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
That the learned magistrate should have directed herself in respect of the issue of the admissibility of the confession.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502 3. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Criticism of the medical report and on the magistrate\rquote 
s failure to properly weigh that evidence.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502 4. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Criticism of the magistrate for admitting recent complaint evidence.}{
\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502 5. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
Criticism of some evidential inferences drawn by the magistrate as they were not supported by testimony.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11338502 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 The Appeal}{\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Th}{\fs24\insrsid11338502 e appellant was unrepresented. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 He chose to have the proceedings }{\fs24\insrsid11338502 conducted entirely in English. }{
\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 He appeared comfortable and articulate in the English language.
\par 
\par He assured the Court that he had applied }{\fs24\insrsid11338502 for Legal Aid but was refused. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 He acknowledged he was entitled to representation by counsel but had}{\fs24\insrsid11338502 
 elected to represent himself. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 He had prepared and filed with the Court on the morning of the appeal extensive thoughtful and helpful}{\fs24\insrsid11338502  submissions. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
He had prepared a copy of these for the State.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid11338502 I reviewed these submissions.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502  The appellant then emphasized his 3 strongest points:
\par }{\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
\par }{\b\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 1. }{\b\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Medical Evidence}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid3819318 
\par }{\b\fs24\insrsid1002707\charrsid11338502 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 The appellant submitted and I am prepared to accept that he asked for the medical offi}{\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 cer to be brought to Court. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
He claims he made that}{\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502  application during the trial. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 He concedes that the application does not appear in the record. His recolle
ction is however that the application was refused by the learned magistrate as it was said that some notice should have been given of his requirement to}{\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502  cross examine such a witness. }{
\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 The appellant claimed that he wanted to cross examine the examining doctor as he felt the disclosed findings were ambivalent.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 (2) }{\b\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Confession}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid3819318 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 The appellant reminded me that throughout the trial he had challenged the confessional sta}{\fs24\insrsid9969330 tements he made to the police. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
He wanted the admissibility of these confessio}{\fs24\insrsid9969330 ns determined during his trial.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
 He referred me in particular to that portion of the transcript where he challenged signatures on the confessional document.
\par 
\par He submitted that neither the admissibility nor the comparative analysis of the signatures was ever disposed off during his trial.
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid11338502 
\par }{\b\fs24\insrsid11338502 (3) }{\b\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Recent Complaint}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 The appellant submits that at his trial he knew nothing about the principles governing the admissibilit}{\fs24\insrsid9969330 y of recent complaint evidence.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502  He has sinc}{
\fs24\insrsid9969330 e read about those principles. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 He submits that this was not a case where the victim r}{\fs24\insrsid9969330 ecently complained about rape. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
He submits that evidence should have been excluded.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\insrsid11338502 (4) }{\b\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Unrepresented Accused}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 The appellant em}{\fs24\insrsid9969330 phasized he was unrepresented. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Although he has a large list of previous convictions he submitted an
d I accept that in the past he always co-operated with the }{\fs24\insrsid9969330 police in their investigations. Made voluntary statements and }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 pleaded guilt}{\fs24\insrsid9969330 y at the earliest opportunity. }{
\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 As such he came to }{\fs24\insrsid3819318 t}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 his trial as a layman unski}{\fs24\insrsid9969330 lled in the ways of the Court. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 He submits he
 was given no information to enable him to make informed choices on issues such as:}{\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid11338502\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\insrsid11338502 - }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 the production of the medical officer in Court
\par }{\fs24\insrsid11338502 - }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 the admissibility of his confessional statement
\par }{\fs24\insrsid11338502 - }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 the admissibility of recent complaint evidence and its impact on the hearing.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11338502 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 
\par }{\b\fs24\insrsid11338502 (5) }{\b\fs24\insrsid3819318 The State}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid3819318 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid11338502 Mr. Prasad presented some written submissions. In the course of addressing the Court about those submissions he made 3 appropriate concessions:}{\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid11338502 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9969330 {\b\fs24\ul\insrsid9969330\charrsid7552118 1. }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 Confession}{\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 The State conceded that it is clear the appellant wanted to challenge the admissibility}{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330  of his confessional evidence. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 
The State could not point to any passage in the record or decision that dealt with that c}{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 hallenge. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 The State could not point to any passag
e in the record where the magistrate had provided information to the appellant to enable him to make and informed decision about the issue of admissibility of the confession.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid9969330\charrsid7552118 2. }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 Medical Report}{\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 The State conceded that there was nothing in the record to indicate information was given to the accused concerning the admissibility of the medical report.
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid9969330\charrsid7552118 3. }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 Recent Complaint}{\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 The State conceded that no where in the record was information given to the appellant concerning the admissibility of the recent complai}{\fs24\insrsid9969330 nt evidence or its importance. }{
\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 
Mr. Prasad went further and conceded that on review of the trial transcript it was clear that the complaint was first made by the victim to her boyfriend at approximately 8.00pm on the day of the alleged rape. That prior to this complaint the victim h}{
\fs24\insrsid9969330 ad opportunities to complain to}{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330  a man she encountered on her walk home from the USP compound at around 0630}{\fs24\insrsid7552118  }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 
her sister early that morning her boyfriend who called round to the address at 2.00pm that day.}{\fs24\insrsid6633186 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 At the very least the State concedes that these issues concerning recent complaint should have been resolved in the learned magi}{\fs24\insrsid1264239 strate\rquote s decision but were not.}{
\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 
\par 
\par The counsel did his best to argue that in}{\fs24\insrsid7552118  }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 spite of these defects in the trial the conviction was safe as there was other evidence that supported the proposition that the acts of sexual in}{
\fs24\insrsid809183 tercourse were not consensual. }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 However, he conceded that on the face of the record the learned magistrate had failed to address the three most important evidential aspects of the case.  In th
ese circumstances he appropriately agreed that the conviction was unsafe.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 Decision}{\fs24\ul\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9969330\charrsid9969330 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 Trials with the unrepresented can present difficulties. The frequency of unrepresented accused appearing in Courts in Fiji should however make judicial officers acutely aw
are of the obligations resting on a trial judge in those circumstances.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7669824 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
The role of a trial judge in proceedings where parties are unrepresented has been the subject of much consideration particularly when the unrepresented party is the defendant in criminal proceedings (see }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 MacPherson v R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824  (1981) 147 CLR 512; }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 
R v Zorad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824  (1990) 19 NSWLR 91; }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 R v Gidley}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
 [1984] 3 NSWLR 168; }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 R v Lawson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 , unreported, NSW Court of Criminal Appeal, 28 May 1990; }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 R v Cobley}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 , unreported, N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid809183 .S.W. Court of Criminal Appeal,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824  17 July 1992).
\par 
\par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid9969330 MacPherson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
 confession evidence was lead against an unrepresented accused where there were real issues as to the volunt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid809183 ary nature of that confession. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 The High Court ruled that the trial judge should have held a }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid1002707 voir dire}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824  to determine whether the confession was voluntary even thou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1002707 gh no }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1002707\charrsid1002707 voir dire}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1002707  was requested.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par 
\par The court was of the view that there was enough prejudicial evidence to require that inquiry.  The judge\rquote s duty to an unrepresented party arises from an overall responsibility to ens}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid809183 
ure that proceedings are fair. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
However, the obligation on a trial judge to ensure that every accused has a fair trial is simply to provide the unrepresented with such information and advise concerning their rights}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid809183 
 as is necessary to put them }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 in a position where they can make an effective choice about whether they shoul}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid809183 
d exercise their rights or not.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
 In my view that obligation does not arise in respect of confessional statements unless there is some evidential basis to make that a real issue in the trial.
\par 
\par Having reviewed the record it is clear to me that the appellant was adamant in his challenge to the admissibility}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485  of the confessional evidence. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 He went so far as to ask that the Court compare the validity of his signature on v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 arious confessional documents. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 This caused the learned magistrate to pause and indicate that that issue would be dea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid809183 lt with at the end of evidence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824  The issue was never raised again.
\par 
\par The admissibility of that confessional evidence was a predominant feature in the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485  prosecution and defence case. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
The failure by the learned magistrate to address that issue during the course of the trial would alone lead me to the view t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 hat the conviction was unsafe. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 However, compounding that issue was the learned magistrate\rquote s complete failure to provide the 
appellant with any information that would enable him to make an informal choice about the issue of the admissibility of the confessional statement.
\par 
\par The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485  situation does not end there. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 The admissibility of the medical report in the absence of the medical officer was in clear b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 reach of the accused\rquote s rights. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
There is nothing in the record to indicate that any information was given to the accused regarding the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485  admissibility of that report. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 It was introduced in a most casual wa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 y by an investigating officer. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 t was an unchallenged document.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
 It was unchallenged because the accused was ignorant about his rights to have the medical officer called so that he could expla}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid809183 in the contents of the report. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 This issue renders the conviction unsafe.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid809183 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid809183 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7669824 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 There is nothing in the rec
ord to indicate that the learned magistrate provided the unrepresented appellant with any information concerning the impact of recent complaint or its i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 mportance in a trial for rape. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 At the very least the learned magistrate should have been vigilant to ensure that the complaint evi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 dence qualified for admission. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 There is nothing in the trial record or the judgment to indicate that su}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1002707 ch an analysis was undertaken.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par 
\par That is a particularly important omission as in my view the validity of the recent c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 omplaint evidence is marginal. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
The learned magistrate would at the very least have had to properly consider all of the evidence c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 oncerning the recent complaint.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
 It is clear in her decision that the learned magistrate fell into factual error over exactly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1002707 what was the recent complaint.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par 
\par Emphasis is made on page 5 that the victim complained to her boyfriend the next day Sunday the 8th of February when h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 e went to see her at her home. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 This is incorrect. The analysis at page 8 under the sub-heading recent complaint that the victim complained at the earliest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 
 opportunity to her sister and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 her boyfriend is not supported by the evidenc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 e. On this ground I would find}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid809183  the conviction unsafe.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par 
\par In my view any one of the four heads of complaint under discussion in this appeal would in and of itself be sufficient to enable th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 e conviction to be overturned. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 Regrettably when combined together they must inevitably lead to that decision.
\par 
\par The appellant has now served}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485  some 2 years in custody. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
A further issue for me is whether the conviction should be overturned without the need for the matte}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3819318 r to be referred back to trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
 The State submits t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 hat a re-trial is appropriate. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 The appellant was informed of the ch
oices and options open to the court and conceded me}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 rit in the State\rquote s submission. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
After careful consideration I have decided that this is an appropriate case where the matter should be returned to the magistrate\rquote s court for re-trial before a different magistrate. Accordingly the appeal is grant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 ed. The conviction is quashed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824  I order a re-trial }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 
before a different magistrate. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 In the meantime until that trial the appellant is admitted to bail on the following conditions:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
To secure his own attendance at the High Court by standing in his own recognizance in the sum of $1,000.00.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
To attend court when told to do so for mention, any pre-trial applications, and the trial of his case, and to attend next on }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 25/5/04 at 9.00am at the Magistrates Court, Suva.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid3819318 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
To be of good behaviour and not to commit any offence whilst on bail.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\tx1998\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 (4) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
To reside with Mrs. Sereima Lumelume at Married Quarters 47, USP Compound until the conclusion of his trial and curfew at 10.00pm \endash  6.00am.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 (5) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
And not to change that address without the written leave of the Police which leave must be obtained }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 before}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid809183 
 any change of address is made.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824  If he is aggrieved by any refusal to permit a change of address, application can be made to a judge of the High Court on 1 day\rquote s notice.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 (6) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
Is not to approach any prosecution witnesses, directly or indirectly, or to interfere with, or harass them, in any way.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 (7) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
Is to report to the Flagstaff Police Station, twice a week on every Mondays and Fridays between 6.00am and 6.00pm.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 (8) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 And is warn
ed that breach of any of these conditions is likely to result in the cancellation of his bail and the issuance, if necessary, of a warrant for his arrest and a return to custody till he is tried.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7552118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14878485 (9) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 
Is to sign this Bail form in acknowledgement of having understood these terms and conditions and in acknowledgement of agreeing to be bound by them during the period of bail.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7669824 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid14878485 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14878485 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7669824 Gerard Winter
\par }{\b\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid14878485 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14878485 {\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 At Suva
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6633186\charrsid7552118 21st May, 2004
\par }}