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\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 CIVIL ACTION NO. HBC0260R OF 2003S
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 NOODLES BAKERY LIMITED
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 PLAINTIFF
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 AND:
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 LONG LIFE NOODLES BAKERY LTD.
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 DEFENDANT
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par Counsel for the Plaintiff:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 G. O\rquote Driscoll}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  O\rquote Driscoll & Shivam
\par Counsel for the Defendant: S. Sharma: Patel, Sharma & Associates
\par 
\par Date of Ruling: 28 August 2003
\par Time of Ruling: 12 noon
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 RULING
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The Plaintiff Company was incorporated on 23 October, 2001.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
Its main line of business is in the manufacture of Chinese noodles.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 There were 
3 Directors namely, Leung Wei Neng, Kuang Qi Hao and Kuang Bai Nuan.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
The business began to thrive, selling its products under the brand name }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Noodles Bakery,\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 printed on the label against a red background, and with the additional words }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles\'94}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  inserted in a white rectangle background at the corner of the label.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Approximately a year after the business opened, Leung Wei Neng broke away and set up his own Chinese noodles manufacturing business under the Company name }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles Bakery Ltd\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Its products, according to the Defendant, came into the market early in}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 March 2003 selling under the brand }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles Bakery\'94}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 , such name appear on the label also against a red background.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par Quite apart from the similarity in the brand name of the products produced by the Plaintiff and the Defendant, and the red label background and configuration of the package, both products had identical }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Chinese Chef\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  figure as logo on the label with the same embolden inscription in Mandarin meaning }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life\'94.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par 
\par The Plaintiff applied for a mandatory injunction restraining the Defendant from passing off its noodles as those of the Plaintiff\rquote s.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 In support of its application, it referred to the factual outlines of the parties referred to above.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 In his affidavit in support, one of the Plaintiff\rquote 
s directors, Kuang Bai Nuan, explained that since it began operation in 2001, it had managed to capture a good portion of the national market and retail outlets throughout Fiji.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 It has maintained a very reliable and good reputation in the approximate 18 months it began production, with the members of the public identifying with the quality of its products.
\par 
\par These all changed with the coming onto the market of the Defendant\rquote s product that was packaged in the same fashion and style including the wordings on the label and as well as the logo.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Placed side by side on any supermarket or other retail outlets, there is bound to be some confusion amongst the members of the public as to which is the Plaintiff\rquote s product.
\par 
\par It was on the circumstances and facts as outlined in the Plaintiff\rquote s ex-parte application, that the Court on 10 July 2003, granted the mandatory injunction sought.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 While it appreciates the fact that such form of relief maybe only granted in exceptional circumstances, the Cour
t believed that the Plaintiff had shown a very strong and clear probability upon the facts that substantial damage will accrue to it in the future if the Defendant\rquote s activities were not stopped.
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par DEFENDANT\rquote S ARGUMENTS}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The Defendant\rquote s application to set as
ide the Order of 10 July 2003 and dissolve the injunction is firmly based on the ground that the Plaintiff had failed to make frank and full disclosure of the material facts before the Court.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Chief amongst these was the fact that the Defendant had applied and subsequently was granted conditional approval as the proprietor of the Trade Mark }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles and Chinese Character.\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
According to the documents annexed to Leung Wei Nang\rquote s affidavit in support of the Defendant\rquote s summons, the application for registration to the Registrar of Trade Marks was lodged on 26 May 2003.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The Notice from the Registrar to the Defendant\rquote s solicitors, advising them of the approval is dated 24 June 2003.
\par 
\par Other non-disclosures alleged by the Defendant include}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 that there was an agreement between the Plaintiff\rquote 
s directors and Leung Wei Neng of the Defendant Company, that the latter was free to use the }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles\'94}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  brand;
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 that the Plaintiff is not a legally registered Company;
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 that the Plaintiff had lodged its applicati
on to be the proprietor of the Trade Mark of similar description to that applied for by the Defendant; and
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
that the Defendant is a duly incorporated Company and was merely using the name of the Company }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles Bakery\'94}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  as the brand of its product.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par At any rate, even if there were disclosures by the Plaintiff, Counsel for the Defendant argues, that the interlocutory relief of mandatory injunction should not have been given.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Counsel argues that only in very exceptional circumstances and where a Plaintiff is able to show a very strong and clear case, will the Court grant such a relief.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The Defendant referred to O29/1/5 of the Supreme Court Practice (White Book) 1991 which states}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93The Court has jurisdiction to grant a mandatory injunction upon an in
terlocutory application (per Fry LJ) in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Bonner}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  v. G.W. Ry (1883) 24 Ch D1, p.10; and see }{
\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Collison}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  v. }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Warren}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  [1901] 1 Ch 812 (application by the Defendants) but it is a very exceptional form of relief (}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
Canadian Pacific Railway}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  v. }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Grand}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 [194] 2KB 239 (CA)).\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par The Defendant also referred to Goldrein and Wilkinson publication }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Commercial Litigation}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  Pre-emptive Remedies\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  1991 (2}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 nd}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  Ed}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 Sweet & Maxwell) where the general principles for granting of mandatory induction as set down by Lord Upjohn in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Redland Bricks Ltd v. Morris}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  [1970] AC 652; [1969] 2 ALL}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 ER 576, was fully explored.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 PLAINTIFF\rquote S ARGUMENTS}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The Plaintiff\rquote s case is firmly based on the tort of passing off.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 It says that within the 18 months of its operation it has claimed a commendable national market share for locally produced noodles.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 It had in the process acquired a reputation and goodwill amongst the general members of the public.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff vehemently denies that it had agreed, upon Leung Wei Neng\rquote s leaving the Company, to use the name }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles Bakery\'94}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  for his own products or in the formation of a competing company.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
Rather than an amicable parting the said Leung Wei Neng was removed by the Plaintiff for mismanagement.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
His shares was taken up by the remaining directors.
\par 
\par The Defendant further submitted that interlocutory mandatory injunction is not normally granted on affidavit evidence where the issues of facts are strongly contested}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Haringey }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 v. }{
\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 London Borough Council}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  [1979] 1WLR 637.
\par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 COURT\rquote S CONSIDERATION}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The principles governing mandatory injunction was laid down in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Redland Bricks, Ltd v. Morris}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  [1969] 2 ALL}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 ER 576.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
Generally, while the Court has jurisdiction to grant a mandatory injunction upon an interlocutory application, it is a jurisdiction that is exercised very sparingly.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 And unlike interim injunction applications, the Cyanamid guidelines do not apply.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 As Lord Upjohn stated in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Redland Bricks}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 (at p.579):
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93
A mandatory injunction can only be granted where the Plaintiff shows a very strong probability on the facts that grave damage will accrue to him in the future.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 As Lord Dunedin said, it is not sufficient to say \'93times\'94 (}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Attorney-General for the Dominion of Canada}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  v. }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Ritchie Contracting and Supply Company}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  [1919] AC 999, 1005, PC].}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
It is a jurisdiction to be exercised sparingly and with caution but, in the proper case, unhesitatingly.\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par The Court when considering whether to grant mandatory injunction must also ensure if it should decide in favour of such a relief, that the injunction is expressed in a form that the person against w
hom it is granted knows exactly in fact what he has to do.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Thus in }{
\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Havana Cigars and Tobacco Factories Ltd. v. Oddenino}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 [1924] 1 Ch the Court granted an injunction, in a passing-off action, to restrain}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93
the Defendant, his servants and agents from selling or supplying in response to any order for \lquote some cigars \endash  Coronas\rquote  or \lquote Corona cigars\rquote  or \lquote a Corona cigar, or \lquote Coronas\rquote  or \lquote a Corona\rquote 
 Cigars or a cigar not of a Corona brand unless it be first Clearly as certained that the customer who gives the order does not require cigars or a}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Cigar of the Corona brand and no other brand.\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 In }{
\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 Landi Den Hartog B.V}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 . v. Stopps}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 [1976] FSR 497, the Court in granting the order in a case based on alleged infringement of copyright in drawings, specifically restrained the copying of the items made from the drawing rather than the drawing themselves.
\par 
\par In considering the Plaintiff\rquote s application for a mandatory injunction in this case, the Court had taken into account}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
from the evidence produced before it, that the Plaintiff had begun manufacturing the similar if not the same product now manufactured by the Defendant, some 18 months earlier.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The Plaintiff, in the estimation of the Court, stood to suffer greatly with the intrusion of the Defendant into its Chinese noodles market, especiall
y when the brand names and labelling of both products are not dissimilar at all}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Having satisfied itself that the Plaintiff\rquote 
s case was very strong and clear, the Court granted the relief sought.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 In so doing it specifically required the Defendant desist from
 carrying out certain actions pending the hearing of the case.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The Plaintiff has also given its undertaking as to damages.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par The Defendant in its Summons to Dissolve relied solely on material non-disclosure or withholding of facts by the Plaintiff upon its application to the Court on 10 July 2003.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The law as to non-disclosure in interlocutory application is very clear.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 In seeking interim relief an applicant in under a duty to disclose all matters that relate to the issues before the Court.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Not to do so is fatal to the application or if already granted, will result in setting aside of orders or findings.
\par 
\par In this Case, the Defendant submits that the Plaintiff should have made known to the Court that the Defendant had already applied and obtained approval albeit a conditional one, from the Registrar of Trade Marks, to be the proprietor of the }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  and the Chinese Character.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 If such was the Case, then the non-disclosure of this fact would certainly have constituted a serious breach on the part of the Plaintiff.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 However, the Plaintiff submits that at the time of its application, it was not aware that the Defendant\rquote 
s application had already been lodged with the Registrar of Trade Marks.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
This is evident from the fact that the Plaintiff filed its action on 25 June 2003 and that Gazette Notice on the Defendant\rquote s application was on 18 July.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The letter from the Registrar to the Defendant\rquote s solicitors, advising the conditional approval is dated 24 June.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 While it is the responsibility of the Plaintiff to search the Registrar of Trade Marks to ascertain whether or not any claim has been lodged on an }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93unregistered\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  trade mark, in this instance, I find the Plaintiff\rquote s explanation perfectly plausible.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The letter of objection was written to the Defendant by the Plaintiff\rquote 
s solicitors on the same date the Gazette Notice was published.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
This Court is satisfied that the Plaintiff was genuinely unaware of the Defendant\rquote s application before the Registrar, and while it would have prudent for the Plaintiff to search the Reg
ister before filing this action, it was not a legal requirement.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
At any rate, the purpose of the publication of the application in the Gazette Notice, is to invite interested parties, such as the Plaintiff in this case, to file their objections to it.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 There was therefore no intention on the part of the Plaintiff to mislead the Court nor withhold facts that would have amounted to a material non-disclosure.
\par 
\par The Defendant then raised the question of the legal status of the Plaintiff.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Counsel confirmed that a 
search of the Companies Register reveals that there is no company with the name }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Noodles Bakery Limited\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 only one }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Noodles Bakery }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Company}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 Limited\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  incorporated in October 2001, which is registered in the Companies\rquote  office.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 This proceedings including the application for mandatory injunction were made by a Company that does not exist, according to the Defendant.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff readily concedes that in the preparation of the Court documents in all the proceedings, a simple error of omission}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
of the word }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Company\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  had crept in an had been completely overlooked.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 It is however clear from all the documents before the Court that there is sufficient nexus between the }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Noodles Bakery Limited\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  and }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93
Noodles Bakery Company Limited\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  for the Court to identify them as one and the same entity.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
But even if the Defendant was serious in its intention on the issue, then Counsel argues, it should have availed itself of the relief granted to it under O.2 r.2 of the High Court Rules, and apply to set aside on the ground of irregularity.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
However, this required of the Defendant not to have taken any fresh step after becoming aware of the irregularity, which according to the Plaintiff, it cannot possibly satisfy, having proceeded with this interlocutory hearing regardless.
\par 
\par It is patently obvious from the evidence before this Court that the entity named as }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Noodles Bakery Company Limited\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 appearing on the Register of Companies, and }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Noodles Bakery Limited\'94}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 , the Plaintiff in this proceedings, are one and the same Company.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
The omission of the word }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Company\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 from all the Court documents does not, under O.2 r.1, of itself nullify the proceedings, no of any judgment or order that result therefrom.
\par 
\par In any event, as the Counsel for the Plaintiff correctly points out, the Defendant Counsel cannot
 at this late stage of the proceedings, base part of its defence on what appears to be an irregularity as to form and contents, without being subjected to the test under the second limb of O.2 r.2 (1).}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }
{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Finally it surely is in the interest of the Defendant,
 given the interlocutory proceedings the parties had embarked upon and especially the undertaking as to damages made by the Plaintiff, that any defects as to form and contents on the latter'\rquote  part, are rectified.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 This Court does not find any merit in the Defendant\rquote s submission on this issue.
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 There nevertheless remains the ground upon which the Plaintiff had obtained its interlocutory relief, namely, the passing off of the Defendant\rquote 
s product as that belonging to the Plaintiff\rquote s.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Counsel for the Defendant r
eferred the Court to 3 recent Fiji Court decisions on passing-off action and injunction applications namely}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  }{
\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Lees Trading Company Ltd. v. Universal Printing Press & Ors}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 . CA 547/1992 (per Byrne J); }{
\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Flour Mills of Fiji Ltd. v. Visama Atta Mills Ltd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 . CA 559/1993 (per Pathik J); and }{
\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Foods (Pacific) Ltd. v. Eagle Ridge Investment (Fiji) Ltd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 . CA 444/2002 (per Singh J).}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Counsel indicated that in each of these cases, the Court considered and where necessary, granted interim injunction only.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 It could very well be that the circumstances of these cases required of the Court to consider only interim injunctions.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 In balancing whether to grant mandatory reliefs, the Court must take each case on its own peculiar situation.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 As Lord Upjohn summ}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 ar}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 ised in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Redland Bricks Ltd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 . (supra) (at p.579)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93
The grant of mandatory injunction is, of course, entirely discretionary and unlike or negative injunction can never be \'93as of course.\'94}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Every Case must depend essentially on its own particular circumstances}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'94}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  (emphasis added).
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 There is no dispute as to the general principle of law in a passing-off action.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 As long ago as }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Reddaway v. Banham}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  [1896] AC 199 the House of Lords held that a trader is not entitled to pass off his goods as the goods of another trader by selling them under a name w
hich is likely to deceive purchasers into the belief that they are buying the goods of that other trader.
\par 
\par In the circumstances of the facts surrounding this Case and given the concession by the Defendant that the Plaintiff was the first to manufacture the Chinese noodles under the brand name }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Noodles Bakery Limited\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  with }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93
Long Life Noodles\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  added on to the label, to be followed by the Defendant\rquote s similarly packaged product under }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles Bakery Limited\'94,}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  it would appear that the first requirement of a passing-off is met.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 However, there is the issue of trade mark.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Unbeknown to the Plaintiff, the Defendant had lodged with the Registrar of Trade Marks and claimed proprietorship to the words }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  and the Chinese Chef character on 26 May 2003.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par The issue then becomes of one whether the Defendant\rquote s trade mark claim and conditional ownership, can serve as a defence to the Plaintiff suits of passing-off.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Counsel for the Plaintiff referred the Court to the latest English Court decision}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Inter Lotto (UK) Ltd. v. Camelot Group plc}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 [2003] EWHC 1256 in which the Court of the Chancery Division held that the ownership of a registered trade mark did not necessary give the owner a right to use the mark which overrode another person\rquote s passing-off rights.
\par 
\par The decision in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Inter Lotto (UK) Ltd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
. however, significantly turned on the construction of section 9(1) of the UK Trade Marks Act 1994.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The section states}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93
The proprietor of a registered trade mark has exclusive rights in the trade marks which are infringed by use of the trade mark in the United Kingdom without his consent.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The acts amounting to infringement, if done without the consent of the proprietor, are specified in section 10.\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 

\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The proprietor of the trade mark argued that passing off rights are \'93}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 unfair\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  and cannot be used to restrict the owner\rquote s entitlement.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 To this the Court per Laddie J stated (at p.201)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93
The section does not stipulate that the proprietor of the registered trade mark has an \'93exclusive right to use\'94 the mark.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 It stipulates that he has the \'93exclusive rights in the trade mark which are infringed by use of the trade mark in the United Kingdom without his consent.\'94}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 In other words, registered trade marks, like all other statutory intellectual property rights do not give a right to
 the proprietor to use, but give him the right to exclude others from using.\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
The Court went on to say that if the legislative had intended to bestow on the owner of registered trade mark an entitlement to override the rights of others, it would have done so expressly.
\par 
\par The equival}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 ent provisions in our own Trade }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Marks Act (Cap 240) appears to be more stringent in its form and application.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Section 38 of the Act stipulates as follows}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93
Subject to the provisions of section 40 and to any limitations and condi
tions entered upon the register, the registration of a person as proprietor of a trade-mark shall, if valid, give to such person the exclusive right to the use of such trade-mark upon or in connection with the goods in respect of which it is registered}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 P
rovided always where there are two or more persons are registered proprietors of the same or substantially the same trade-mark in respect of the same goods, no rights of exclusive user of such trade-mark shall, except so far as their respective rights, sh
all have been defined by the Court, be acquired by any one of such persons as against any other by the registration thereof, but each of such persons shall otherwise have the same rights as if he were the sole registered proprietor thereof.\'94}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Whether the pr
ovisions of section 38 of our Act is to be interpreted differently to s.9(1) of the UK Act, is not for this Court at this interlocutory stage of the proceedings, to deliberate upon.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 It is enough to give credence to the submission by Counsel that the case raises very difficult issues of law.
\par 
\par For the present, strictly the application section 38 of the Act is not yet an issue since the defendant\rquote s approval from the Registrar of Trade Marks is still a conditional one, while awaiting the expiry of 3 months noti
ce to the public as gazetted on 18 July 2003.
\par 
\par Finally, the Defendant submits that, even if the Plaintiff had the proper use of the }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 and the Chinese Chef character, in its products, it cannot succeed in a passing-off action because it had no enforceable goodwill and reputation.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 To be able to claim these, the Plaintiff must necessarily be in business for some time to allow reputation to grow and goodwill built.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Such occurrence cannot happen within the 18 months since the Plaintiff began its operation in October 2001.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par The Plaintiff argues that 18 months was of sufficient duration in which reputation and goodwill can be built and claimed.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
Counsel referred to }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Inter Lotto (UK) Ltd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 . (supra) where the Plaintiff\rquote s business only began in August 20
01 and the Defendant\rquote s approximately one year later.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 There the Court recognised the Plaintiff\rquote 
s claim and the existence of reputation and goodwill.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
A much more radical view is expressed for example, by the High Court of Singapore in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 Momentum Creations Pte Ltd. v. Tan Eng Koon t/a De Angeli}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
 (June 2001 Unreported) where after reviewing various English and Singaporean decisions on the assessment of the question of reputation and goodwill, the Court ruled that not only was it not necessary for the Plaintiff to 
prove through public survey the existence of goodwill, but that trading activity however short, maybe sufficient to establish goodwill and that actual trading was not necessary to establish goodwill.
\par 
\par It could very well be that the Singaporean High Court decision is indicative of how the law is evolving in the tort of passing-off.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
It is however sufficient for this Court to note that while the substantive action in this proceedings is yet to be decided, the issues raised involve very difficult questions of law.
\par 
\par There clearly, on the affidavits filed by both parties and submissions of Counsel, are disputes of facts surrounding the question whether the Defendant had obtained the agreement of the directors of the Plaintiff to use the name }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \'93Long Life Noodles\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168  in both its Company and product.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 There are other questions raised in the registration of the names and involving the office of the Registrar of Trade Marks.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 All of these can only be resolved in closer examination in Court.
\par 
\par There are equally difficult questions of law which I have only begun to touch upon but will need a fuller treatment in the hearing of the case.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 These involve both the law and regulations on registration of trade marks as well as the evolving nature of passing-off actions.
\par 
\par Having now had t
he full benefit of arguments and other evidence presented by Counsel, the Court is persuaded that the interest of all concerned will be better served if the injunction is removed and the parties proceed to the determination of their rights.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 In the event, the Court makes the following Orders}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The Order for mandatory injunction granted on 10 July 2003 is hereby dissolved.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 The Defendant is to file is Statement of Defence within 7 days.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12060379 The costs to be in the cause.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 F. Jitoko
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 JUDGE}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5125168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5125168\charrsid5125168 
\par At Suva
\par 28 August, 2003
\par }}