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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 CIVIL ACTION NO. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 HBC0}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 260 OF 1996
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Between:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 NATIONAL BANK OF FIJI
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 1.\tab SEINI SENIRAUVULA
\par 2.\tab ASESELA SADOLE
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid16345058 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Mr. S. Valenitabua for the Defendants
\par Mr. H. Nagin for the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid16345058 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 DECISION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid16345058 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 This is the defendant\rquote s motion seeking relief as follows under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Order 13 Rule 10}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 High Court Rules 1988}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 That the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Judgment In Default of Defence}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058  entered against the Defendants on the 2}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 nd}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
 day of August, 2002 in this Action be Set Aside.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 That the Defendants be given leave to defend this acti}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
on and file their Counterclaim.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
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\par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
That the Plaintiffs pay to their Defendants and their Counsel costs of $750.00, and disbursements of $247.80, as ordered by the Fiji Court of Appeal on 17 May, 2002 within 5 days.
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\par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 That }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 UNLESS}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058  the Plaintiffs pay the ordered costs and disbursements as aforesaid within 5 days, the Plaintiff\rquote s claim in this Action be struck out with costs to the Defendants.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 That the Plaintiffs pay costs of $500.00 for this Application.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid16345058 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Background facts:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
The background facts are as follows: (as stated in Mr. Valenitabua\rquote s written submission herein):
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 A Summary Judgment was ordered in this Action on 21 October, 1999.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 The Applicants appealed against that Summary Judgment by Notice of Appeal dated and filed on 23 November, 1999.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 The Applicants\rquote  appeal was heard in the Fiji Court of Appeal on 13 May, 2002.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 The appeal was allowed and the Summary Judgment set aside with a subsequent order that this Action was to take its normal course and that the Plaintiffs paid the Applicants\rquote 
 costs for the appeal, a sum of $750.00, and disbursements to be assessed if not agreed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
After the summary judgment was set aside the plaintiff went ahead and obtained judgment by default after about three months.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Defendants\rquote 
 contention
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par It is the defendants\rquote  contention that the plaintiff failed to pay costs and disbursement as ordered amounting to $1,770.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
It went ahead and obtained judgment by default.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 They say that no document regarding the judgment has been served on them to-date.
\par 
\par They say that they have a good \lquote defence and counterclaim\rquote  against the plaintiff and for this reason the summary judgment was set aside by the Fiji Court of Appeal.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Consideration of the application 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par This application is made under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Or. 13 r. 10 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
The High Court Rules 1988}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058  which provides:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16345058 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
Without prejudice to rule 8(3) and (4), the Court may, on such terms as it thinks just, set aside or vary any judgment entered in pursuance of this Order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
The chronology of events leading to default judgment are that judgment of Fiji Court of Appeal was delivered on 17 May 2002 when the defendants were given leave to defend.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Default judgment was entered on 2 August 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
Application to set aside the said judgment was made on 16 August 2002.
\par 
\par This was a claim for $75,199.74 against the defendants as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 guarantors }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
for Inies Allied Chemicals Limited to whom an advance of the said sum was made.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 This is not denied by the defendants.
\par 
\par On 2 August 2002 after search the plaintiff entered default judgment.
\par 
\par The plaintiff says that the defendants had almost three months within which to file Statement of Defence.
\par 
\par The defendants on the other hand say that because the plaintiff did not pay costs and disbursements as ordered by Court of Appeal, the judgment is irregular and it ought to be set aside.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 They say that it is also a contempt of Court.
\par 
\par I see no merit on this ground to set aside judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
There was nothing to prevent them from filing their Statement of Defence in good time after the Court of Appeal judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Three mont
hs was indeed a long time for the defendants to be sleeping on the matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 The defendants\rquote  assertion that they should have been informed of the plaintiff\rquote 
s intention to proceed to obtain default judgment is also without merit and has no legal basis at all.
\par 
\par On this argument of Mr. Valenitabua, that he should have been informed of plaintiff\rquote s intention to proceed to judgment, he relied on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Tuivaga J\rquote s }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 judgment in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Bula Timber v Geelong Holding Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
 (C.A. No. 173 of 1977 \endash  unreported) \endash  on the subject of setting aside a default judgment where His Lordship said:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16345058 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822 \'93}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
I think it is fair to record that a practice appears to have developed at the bar in this country whereby counsel for one party would as a matter of good conscience give notice to the other side of 
any intended step to enter judgment by default and calling upon the other side to move in the matter if it desires to defend the action.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9125822 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid9125822 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
This practice seems particularly desirable where it appears that the other side has not for one reason or another had 
sufficient time to organize itself into a position where it could take appropriate steps in the matter or where from the nature of the case it seems likely that the other side would want to contest the action on the merits.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 The above statements do not ap
ply to the facts of this case as the defendants had ample time within which to organize themselves and file Statement of Defence subsequent to the Court of Appeal judgment.
\par 
\par Having considered the defendants\rquote  submission all arguments why judgment should be set aside fail except the fact that the proposed \lquote Defence and Counterclaim\rquote  has now been put before the Court, due consideration ought to}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 be given to it in this application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Evidently, there was merit in the defendants\rquote  appeal to Court of Appeal as in setting aside the summary judgment the Court said:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822 

\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
the appellants (the defendants herein) were entitled to raise by way of counterclaim or set off the allegations which they sought to maintain in opposition to summary judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 .\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid9125822 The Law
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par The principles governing the setting aside of default judgments are well-known and have been stated many a time.
\par 
\par No doubt this was a regular judgment but not a judgment on merits.
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Supreme Court Practice 1997 Volume I at 143}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058  states the principles very clearly and I oug
ht to set them out hereunder as I have borne these in mind in considering this application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 It states:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9125822 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \'93
Regular judgment \endash  If the judgment is regular, then it is an (almost)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
inflexible rule that there must be an affidavit of merits, i.e. an affidavit stating facts showing a defence on the merits (Farden v. Richter (1889) 23 Q.B.D. 124.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \'93At any rate where such}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
an application is not thus supported, it ought not to be granted except for some very sufficient reason,\'94 per Huddleston, B., ibid. p.129, approving 
Hopton v. Robertson [1884] W.N. 77, reprinted 23 Q.B.D. p.126 n.; and see Richardson v. Howell (1883) 8 T.L.R. 445; and Watt v. Barnett (1878) 3 Q.B.D. 183, p.363).
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid9125822 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
For the purpose of setting aside a default judgment, the defendant must show that he has a meritorious defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
For the meaning of this expression see Alpine Bulk Transport Co. Inc. v. Saudi Eagle Shipping Co. Inc., The Saudi Eagle [1986] 2 Lloyd\rquote s Rep. 221, C.A., and note 13/9/14, \'93Discretionary powers of the court,\'94 below.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid9125822 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 On the application
 to set aside a default judgment the major consideration is whether the defendant has disclosed a defence on the merits, and this transcends any reasons given by him for the delay in making the application even if the explanation given by him is false (Va
nn v. Awford (1986) 83 L.S. Gaz. 1725; The Times, April 23, 1986, C.A.)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
The fact that he has told lies in seeking to explain the delay, however, may affect his credibility, and may therefore be relevant to the credibility of his defence and the way in which the court should exercise its discretion (see para. 13/9/14, below).
\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par In considering the application there are other authorities and statements of principles which I have considered and these are stated hereunder.
\par 
\par On facts showing a defence the following statement of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Lord Denning M.R. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Burns v Kondel}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058  (1971) 1 Lloyd\rquote s Rep. 554 at 555 is apt:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16345058 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \'93
We all know that in the ordinary way the Court does not set aside a judgment in default unless there is an affidavit showing a defence on the merits.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 That does not mean that the defendant must show a good defence on the merits.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 He need only show a defence which discloses an arguable or triable issue.\'94 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid9125822 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 On \lquote }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 delay}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \rquote  the reasons advanced by the defendants are not acceptable at all and failure to act within a reasonabl
e time in the circumstances of this case is something which the Court will take into consideration in exercising its discretion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
In this regard I refer to what }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Lord Atikin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
Evans v Bartlam}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 (1937) 2 All E.R. 646 at 650 said and it is apt:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16345058 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \'93
It was suggested in argument that there is another rule, that the applicant must satisfy the court that there is a reasonable explanation why judgment was allowed to go by default, such as mistake, accident, fraud or the like.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 I do not think that any such rule exists, t
hough obviously the reason, if any, for allowing judgment and thereafter applying to set it aside is one of the matters to which the court will have regard in exercising its discretion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 If there were a rigid rule that no one could have a default judgment s
et aside who knew at the time and intended that there should be a judgment signed, the two rules would be deprived of most of their efficacy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 The principle obviously is that, unless and until the court has pronounced a judgment upon the merits or by consen
t, it is to have the power to revoke the expression of its coercive power where that has been obtained only by a failure to follow any of the rules of procedure.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid9125822 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Further, in deciding on the issue before this court on this question of \lquote 
delay\rquote  the following extract from the judgment of }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Lord Wright}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 in }{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Evans}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 (supra) at 489 after stating that the \'93}{\b0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
Court, while considering delay, have been lenient in excluding applicants on that ground}{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \'94 further said as follows:-
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 \'93The primary consideration is whether he has mer
its to which the Court should pay heed; if merits are shown the Court will not prima facie desire to let a judgment pass on which there has been no proper adjudication.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 This point was emphasized in }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Watt v. Barnett}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058  3 Q.B.D.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 363 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 He has been gu
ilty of no laches in making the application to set aside the default judgment, though as }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Atwood v. Chichester}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
, 3 Q.B.D. 722 and other cases show, the Court, while considering delay, have been lenient in excluding applicants on that ground.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
The Court might also have regard to the applicant\rquote 
s explanation why he neglected to appear after being served, though as a rule his fault (if any) in that respect can be sufficiently punished by the terms as to costs or otherwise which the Court in its discretion is empowered by the rule to impose.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
The appellant here has an explanation, the truth of which is indeed denied by the respondent, but at this stage I see no reason why he should be disbelieved on what appears to me to be a mere conflict on affidavits.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058\charrsid9125822 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Conclusion
\par }{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid9125822 
\par }{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 After considering the affidavit evidence before me and the useful submissions from both counsel I find that the defendants have shown defence on merits.}{
\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 They ought to be let in to defend and that the judgment in default ought to be set aside.}{
\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par 
\par }{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 In the outcome, bearing in mind the guiding principles in an application of this nature and in the exercise of Court\rquote 
s discretion, I order that the said default judgment entered against the defendants on 2 August 2002 be set aside on}{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
condition that the defendants pay the sum of $500.00 costs to plaintiff\rquote s solicitors within 14 days of this decision failure to do so will mean that the judgment will stand.}{\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058  }{
\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Once the costs are paid the defendants are ordered to file and serve a \lquote Statement of Defence and Counterclaim\rquote  within 21 days of this decision.}{
\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345058 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9125822 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 D. Pathik
\par }{\i0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 Judge}{\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid16345058 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16345058 {\b0\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9125822\charrsid9125822 
\par At Suva
\par 27 June 2003
\par }}