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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 JUDICIAL REVIEW NO. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 HBJ00}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 31 OF 2001}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 THE STATE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 THE SECRETARY, PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Ex parte: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 SOLOMONE SILA KOTOBALAVU \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Applicant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par Mr. I. Tuberi for the Applicant \par Mr. W. Calanchini with Capt. S. Navoti for the Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 JUDGMENT}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Solomone Sila Kotobalavu }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (the}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 applicant}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 ) as Permanent Secretary for Finance has, pursuant to Order for leave granted him on 27 September 2001 applied for Judicial Review of what he calls the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 , namely, } {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Secretary, Public Service Commission }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (hereafter referred to as the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Secretary}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 ) made on 19 September 2001 conveying the Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s findings of guilt against the applicant on all the six disciplinary charges laid against him. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par \par The so called }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 impugned is contained in the Public Service Commission memorandum dated 19 September 2001 signed by A Jale, Secretary of the Public Service Commission addressed to the applicant and which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 reads as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 At its meeting held today, 19 September 2001, the Public Service Commission considered the six(6) allegations of breaches of the Public Service Code of Conduct filed against you on 06.09.01 by the Secretary for the Public Service, your various respo nses to the allegations, together with the submission from your solicitor. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Commission found you guilty on all six(6) allegations. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Before the Commission decides on the imposition of penalty in terms of Regulation 22(a) - (g) of the Public Service Regulations 1999, it has agreed that you be given the opportunity to mitigate before the Commission. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Commission has decided to meet with you at 10.00 a.m. on Wednesday 26 September, 2001 at the Chairman}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s Board Room, PSC, Berkley Crescent, Suva and you are allowed the choice to appear in person or be represented by another person or the combination of both.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Relief sought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The relief sought by the applicant is as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 AN ORDER OF CERTIORARI}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 to remove the said decision/findings of the Respondent to this Honourable Court and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 same to be quashed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3616175 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 A DECLARATION}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 that the Respondent has acted in bad faith after this matter was amicably resolved on the 31}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 day of July 2001. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Damages \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Grounds of relief}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Grounds upon which the applicant relies are as hereunder:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Respondent was biased in that it became the prosecutor and the judge in its own cause \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Respondent wrote the disciplinary charges. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 B.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Respondent was the writer in the decisions/findings. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 C.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Respondent participated in all aspects of the disciplinary proceedings. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Respondent was in breach of the rules of natural justice in: \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 failing to give an opportunity to the Applicant to be heard on the question of guilt. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 B.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 failing to give an opportunity to the Applicant to cross-examine the materials or evidence before it. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 C.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Failing to provide an independent tribunal to hear the allegations against the Applicant. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Respondent failed to give any reason or reasons for its findings of guilt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Background facts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par \par The facts surrounding the judicial review have been summarized by the Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s counsel in his written submission which are as follows: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 On 6 September 2001, six (6) disciplinary charges were laid by the Respondent against the Applicant for:}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 His continuous refusal to implement the Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s decision to promote Mr Netani Vosa to the post of Manager, Debt and Cash Flow Unit of the Ministry of Finance with effect from 30 May 2001; \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 His unilateral decision to effect the promotion of Mr. Netani Vosa on 14 August 2001 instead of 30 May as originally directed by the Commission; \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 His failure to hand over Mr. Netani Vosa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s letter of promotion; \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 His unilateral action of allowing Mr. Rohit Parmeshwar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s acting appointment at the debt and Cash Flow Unit without the approval of the Commission; \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (v)\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 His unilateral action of allowing Mr. Rohit Parmeshwar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s acting appointment at the Debt and Cash Flow Unit without the approval of the Commission; \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vi)\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 His failure to effect the Commission directive to promote Mr. Netani Vosa after his undertaking that he wou ld do so in a meeting held between the Applicant, the Respondent and the Chairperson of the Commission on 31 July 2001. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vii)\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 His attempt to improperly influence the Commission by directing the respondent to change the Commission}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s record on the promotion date of Mr. Netani Vosa to 14 August 2001 instead of the earlier Commission approved date of 30 May 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel2\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Applicant}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s submission}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par \par As ordered, Mr. Tuberi filed written legal submissions in this matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 He dealt with the various grounds for judicial review. \par \par On the ground of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 bias}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 he said that the respondent has become the prosecutor and judge in his own cause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 He said that no man should be a judge in his own cause.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Hence, he says, that the respondent laid the charges, it heard the evidence and it also made the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 finding}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of guilt.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Mr. Tuberi submits that looking at the procedure and the way the respondent became the complainant, the prosecutor and the judge in reaching the guilty verdict, the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 finding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 was therefore invalid. \par \par The learned counsel referred the Court to a number of authorities on the subject of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 bias}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 and said that in the circumstances the finding of guilt against the applicant on the disciplinary charges are null and void. \par \par On the ground of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 breach of rules of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 natural justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Mr. Tube ri submitted that the respondent failed to give an opportunity to the applicant to cross-examine any adverse evidence which may have been presented before the respondent in the hearing to consider the question of guilt and in this regard referred to the o bservation of Fiji Court of Appeal in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Permanent Secretary for Public Service Commission and Another v Epeli Lagiloa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (Civil Appeal No. ABU0038 of 1996 at p.16) and to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Regulation 22(a) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Public Service Regulations 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (Legal Notice No. 48 of 1999).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 He said that the right of the applicant to be heard or to cross-examine evidence before the respondent has been entrenched in the said Regulation which provides: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (2)\tab In deciding whether an employee has breached the Public Service Code of Conduct and if s o what disciplinary action should be taken against the employee, the Commission must comply with the principles of natural justice.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Mr. Tuberi submitted that although the Respondent was aware of the principles of natural justice, it refused to accord the said principles when dealing with the applicant. \par \par Mr. Tuberi says that the applicant should have been heard on the disciplinary charges and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 to cross-examine}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 the evidence laid before the Respondent and in this case he referred to the following passage from the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Lord Diplock }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 O}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Reilly v Mackman }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 [1982] AC 237: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 But the requirement that a person who is charged with having done something which, if proved to the satisfaction of a statutory tribunal has consequences that will, or may, affect him adv ersely, should be given a fair opportunity of hearing what is alleged against him and of presenting his own case, is so fundamental to any civil legal system that it is to be presumed that Parliament intended that a failure to observe it should render nul l and void any decision reached in breach of this requirement.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Counsel argues that the respondent failed to provide an independent tribunal}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 to hear the disciplinary charges against the applicant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Had that been done the question of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 bias}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 would have been avoided. \par \par Mr. Tuberi emphasised that there was the need to give }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 reasons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 for the decision or findings.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 None was given in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Counsel referred the Court to a number of authorities in support of this argument.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 He also referred to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Fiji Public Service Act 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 which in section }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 26(9)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 provides: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 26(9) In the conduct of an appeal, the Appeal Board is not bound by the procedures, legal forms and rules of evidence of a court of law but should - \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls4\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 accord natural justice to parties to the appeal; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}keep a written record of its proceedings; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}give reasons for its decisions on the appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 He said that since the Appeal Board is required by statute to give reasons for its decision the Respondent would also be required to give reasons for its decisions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Failure to do so, he submits makes the said decision null and void.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 For the reasons advanced by him, he says that the relief sought should be granted. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Respondent}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s submission \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The learned Counsel for the named Respondent, namely, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Secretary, Public Service Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 submits that the application has been brought }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 against the wrong person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The said Respondent has no decision-making function. \par \par Mr. Calanchini submits that it was not the Respondent who acted in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 bad faith}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 but the applicant after 31 July 2001 in not implementing the Public Service Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s decision and the agreement reached at a meeting.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 He submitted that }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 section 20 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Public Service Act 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 required the applicant to comply with written directions from the Commission conveyed by the Responde nt concerning the appointment on promotion of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Mr. Netani Vosa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 to the position of Manager, Debt and Cashflow Unit with effect from 30 May 2001. \par \par On the question of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 bias}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 , counsel submitted that there has not been bias against the applicant for the reasons given in the written submissions, stating, inter alia, that there is no material to suggest that the respondent who is not a member of the Commission, participated in the decision-making process of the Commission. \par \par In the matter of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 rules of natural justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 counsel submitted, inter alia, that there was no need for an oral hearing and that the absence of oral hearing is not a breach of natural justice (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Ayantuwo v IRC}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 [1975] 1 RLR 253 C. A.).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 He said that since there were no factual disputes there was no need to allow the applicant the opportunity to cross-examine the Respondent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Proceedings in respect of a breach of the Code of Conduct are to be dealt with by the Commission (vide }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s.7}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Public Service Act 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 ). \par \par On the giving of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 reasons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 , counsel submit ted that this was not a case which necessitated the setting out of the reasons for the decision. \par \par He further said that this is a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 premature application}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 as the Commission}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s disciplinary procedure has not been completed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The applicant was required to appear}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 penalty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 either personally or through counsel before the Commission on the question of mitigation but instead makes the present application for judicial review. \par \par Counsel further submits that the applicant should have exhausted the alternative remedy by way of appeal before proceeding with the judicial review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 He said that because this was not done the Court should refuse to grant judicial review. \par \par As for claim for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 damages}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 counsel submits that this is not a case in which the applicant is entitled to damages. \par \par Mr. Calanchini says that the application for judicial review should be dismissed for the reasons he has given in his written submissions. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Consideration of the issues \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls5\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Decision - Is there one? \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par Before an application for judicial review is made in a matter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Order 53}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 , there has to be a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 in the matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 It is a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 which is impugned in the judicial review. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 In an application for judicial review the court is concerned with reviewing, not the merits of the decision, but the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 - making process}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 itself.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The text books on }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 judicial review}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 talk of the supervisory jurisdiction by way of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 judicial review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 over the proceedings and decisions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of inferior courts, tribunals and other bodies.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 As }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Lord Brightman}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 said in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Chief Constable of the North Wales Police v Evans }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 [1982] 1 W.L.R. 1155 at 1174 at 155: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Judicial review, as the words imply, is not an appeal from a decision, but a review of the manner in which the decision was made.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 His Lordship }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 observed further at p.1173:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Judicial review is concerned, not with the }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 , but with the decision-making process.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Unless that restriction on the power of the Court is observed, the court will, in my view, under the guise of preventing the abuse of power, be itself guilty of usurping power}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Further on the argument that there has to be a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 as distinct from a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 finding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 which is the case before me, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Lord Fraser}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 in In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Re Amin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 [1983] 2 A.C. 818 at 829 observed that:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 ... Judicial review is entirely different from an ordinary appeal.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 It is made effective by the court quashing an }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 administrative decision}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 without substituting its own decision, and is to be contrasted with an appeal where an appellate tribunal substitutes its own decision on the merits for that of the administrative office r.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (emphasis mine)}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The judicial review application is a specialised procedure by which the courts may grant one of the prerogative remedies of certiorari (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 to q}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 uash a decision)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 ..... (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Judicial Remedies in Public Law}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Clive Lewis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 In the matter before me there is no }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 by any tribunal except that there is a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 finding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of guilt in the applicant on the disciplinary charges by the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Public Service Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Commission}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 ) }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 which has not even been joined as a Respondent in this case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The applicant was required to appear before the Commission on 26 September 2001 but he failed to do so and instead decided to institute the present proceedings.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 As a result no finality was reached in the matter by the Commission.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 In other words there was no decision of the Commission enabling the applicant to apply for judicial review under Order 53}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of the High Court Rules.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 No doubt there was a finding of an interlocutory nature, not by the Secretary of the Public Service Commission but by the Commission itself,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 namely, finding the applicant guilty on all the disciplinary charges. \par \par In the circumstances of this case, since there was an interlocutory finding (by the Commission) the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Practice Note No. 1 of 1993}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 issued by the Honourable the Chief Justice of 30 September 1993 is pertinent and ought to be noted and for ease of reference I set it out in full as hereunder: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 JUDICIAL REVIEW OF INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 There has been a recent increase in the number of applications for leave to seek Judicial Review of interlocutory orders. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 It has long been settled law and practice that interlocutory orders will seldom be amenable to appeal.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 It is for this reason that leave to appeal against such orders is usually required (See Court of Appeal Act - Cap.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 12, Section 12(2)(f)).}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Even where l eave is not required the policy of the Court of Appeal is to uphold interlocutory decisions and orders of the trial Judge unless they are plainly wrong (See e.g. Ashmore v Corp. of Lloyds [1992] 2 All ER 486 H.L.). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Although, for obvious reasons, Order 53 does not contain a leave provision similar to that found in the Court of Appeal Rules the principles governing interference with interlocutory decisions (which are based on the need to ensure the efficient and just disposal of the work of the Courts) are the same in both jurisdictions. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The legal profession is therefore requested to note that only in the most exceptional cases will the High Court grant leave judicially to review interlocutory decisions. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 A helpful guide to the distinction between final and interlocutory orders is to be found at O.59 r 1 A in the 1991 White Book.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 In the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 State v The Secretary, Public Service Commission & Others ex parte}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Anare Vuniwai }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (J.R. No. HBJ}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 29}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 .19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 98S) }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Scott J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 made certain observations on the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 availability of judicial review of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decisions which are not final}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 and on the procedures which Disciplinary Tribunals should follow}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 For the sake of giving a clear picture of the situation and for completeness of the subject- matter I am dealing with, I set out herein the following extract from His Lordship}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s judgment in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Ex p Vuniwai}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (supra) which is as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 As has been explained elsewhere the High Court of Fiji derives its powers judicially to review from the High Court Act 1981 of England and Wales via Section 18 of the High Court Act (Cap.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 13).}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 These powers have now become part of the Supreme Law of Fiji by virtue of Section 119 of the Constitution.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 They are similar to but also different from the powers of the High Court of New Zealand conferred by the Judicature Act 1908 as amended by the Acts of 1972 and 1977.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 They are also different from the powers conferred on the Federal Court by the Australian Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 In New Zealand sections 3 & 4 of the Judicature Act 1908 as amended gave a statutory power to the High Court which it did not previously possess namely a power to review decisions which do not finally determine the rights and obligations of the parties (see Daemar v Gilliand [1981] 1 NZLR 61 and Duncan v Medical Disciplinary Com mittee [1986] 1 NZLR 513). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 In Fiji there is no equivalent to the New Zealand Judicatrue Act and therefore the position here is that only those decisions which fall within the purview of the English 1981 Act are reviewable.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 As recently pointed out by Fatiak i J. in the State v. the Supervisor of Elections ex parte UNLP (HBJ 10/1999S) such decisions, in order to qualify as a subject for judicial review must, in the words of Lord Diplock in CCCSU v. Minister of the Civil Service [1984] 3 All ER 935: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 have consequences which affect some person (or body of persons) other than the decision maker, although it may affect him too.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 It must affect such other person either (a) by altering rights or obligations of that person which are enforceable by or against him in private law or (b) by depriving him of some benefit }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 or advantage which either (1) he had in the past been permitted by the decision maker to enjoy and which he can legitimately expect to be permitted to continue to do so until there has been communicated to him some rational grounds for withdrawing it on which he has been given an opportunity to comment or (2) he has received assurance from the decision maker will not be withdrawn without giving him first an opportunity of advancing reasons for contending t hat they should not be withdrawn}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 For these reasons, since there is no final decision the applicant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s application}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 is premature and he ought to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 await finality in the matter of his disciplinary charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Therefore I do not think that judicial review need be considered any further}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 on the matters raised in the application.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The application is dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 However, in case I am held wrong in the decision that I have come to, I should deal with other aspects of the application and the issues raised therein. \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 B.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls5\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Is the proper Respondent before the Court \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par The question was raised by Mr. Calanchini whether the proper respondent is before the Court. \par \par It is clear from the affidavit evidence that all that the Commission did was to make a finding of guilt in the applicant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 He w as to appear before the Commission on 26 September 2001 for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 penalty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 but the Commissions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s work was thwarted by the applicant when he made the present application. \par \par The Respondent named herein is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Secretary, Public Service Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 There is no doubt as to what the powers of Secretary to the Commission are.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 In short he does not make decisions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 As counsel submits he is appointed under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s.17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Public Service Act 1999}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 which provides: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls6\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 There is to be a Secretary for public service who is also the Secretary to the Public Service Commission. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par The Respondent as Secretary to the Commission is not a member of the Commission and therefore did not take part in the finding of guilt (the so-called }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 ) against the applicant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 I agree with Mr. Calanchini that there is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 no finding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 , action or decision of the named Respondent which can be the subject of an order for cer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 t}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 iorari. \par \par Hence, I agree that the application for Cer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 iorari has been brought against the wrong person.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Therefore, on this ground also the application fails.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 I need not proceed any further with the consideration of the application unless proper parties (respondent or respondents) are before the Court. \par \par The application for judicial review is therefore again dismissed on this ground as well. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Other issues}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par \par Although I am dismissing the application as stated hereabove, nevertheless}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 because other issues have been raised, I ought to, in deference to the very interesting submissions made by both counsel,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 very briefly deal with them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Bias}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par \par On the question of bias, it is clear that since the Respondent named is not a member of the Public Service Commission no question of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 bias}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 arises.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 It is the Commission which has the Constitutional function of taking disciplinary, action, against the holders of public offices.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The question is, could bias be imputed in the Commission in those circumstances? \par \par Under the powers vested in it by the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Public Service Act 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 and the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Public Service Regulations 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 , The Commission took disciplinary action against the applicant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The functions of the Commission are set out in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 section 147}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Constitution}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 section (1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Public Service Act 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par \par The applicant was required to comply with the directions from the Commission conveyed by the Secretary to the Commission concerning the appointment on promotion of Mr. Netani Vosa with effect from 30 May, 2001.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 This direction the applicant defied culminating in disciplinary charges against him. \par \par In these circumstances no question of bias arises either on the part of the Commission or the Secretary for as I said before the Secretary}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s function is to record the finding of the Commission and to convey the finding to the applicant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 This is what the Secretary did in this case. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Natural justice and right to cross-examine}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par \par In this case the PSC stated as to how it came to the finding of guilt on the disciplinary charges as conveyed to the applicant by the Secretary to the PSC.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The Commission acted under the Public Service Regulations 1999.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The PSC stated that the applicant was given the opportunity of being heard himself and through his counsel on the disciplinary charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The PSC stated that it has powers to hear and determine disciplinary charges. \par \par The applicant alleges that he was denied natural justice and that he should have been allowed to cross-examine during the hearing. \par \par In view of the orders which I propose to make herein, it is not intended to deal at any length with the subject of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 natural justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 on the facts of this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 A few observations will be sufficient. \par \par As Mr. Calanchini submitted }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Regulation 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Public Service Regulations 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 does deal with the requirement of the Commission to comply with the principles of natural justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 However the Regulation does not expressly require that there be an oral hearing, and whet her one is required in any particular case will depend upon the subject-matter and the circumstances of the particular case. \par \par It appears that the applicant was given an opportunity to present his response in writing to the allegations that he had breached the Public Service Code of Conduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 This response was considered by the Commission. \par \par In the light of the above there does not appear to be any breach of natural justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Because there was no oral hearing, as the PSC says, does not mean that there was breach of natural justice [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Ayantuwo v IRC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (supra)]. \par \par The applicant says that he was not allowed to cross-examine.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 On this aspect it was held as follows by Court of Appeal, Wellington in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Roussel Uclaf Australia Pty Ltd v Pharmaceutical Management Agency Ltd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (1997 1 NZLR p650):}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 It was well settled as a desirable practice that cross-examination was not permitted as of right in judicial review proceedings except where the interests of justice required.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 It is further stated in that case that:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Rarely his cross-examination of deponents on their affidavit evidence}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 been ordered.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Cross-examination may be appropriate where there is a conflict of evidence or where the applicant alleges that a precedent fact to the}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 making of a decision did not exist.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 But cross-examinati on in only exercised when justice so demands.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 de Smith, Woolf and Jowell, Judicial Review of Administrative Action }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Ed. 1995p.672, para15-034)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 The following statement, in the context of this case is also worth noting:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 In a judicial review hearing where a jurisdictional fact was not in dispute, a court would not order cross-examination of witnesses on their affidavits unless it considered their evidence might be misleading or in material respect incomplete.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 (Regina v Arts Council of England, Ex parte Women}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 s Playhouse Trust, The Times }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 20.8.97 p.19).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Conclusion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par \par To sum up because the wrong person has been named as the Respondent and also because the finding is only interlocutory and no }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 has been reached in this case it is a premature application for judicial review and for these two reasons particularly, the application cannot be considered as it stands. \par \par Although some observations have been made by me on the various aspects like }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 bias}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 natural justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 cross-examination}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 , it does not mean that I have made a finding on these matters on the facts of this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 However, if the application comes}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 before this Court free from the shortcomings referred to hereabove by me, these aspects will definitely have to be considered on the whole of the facts once a decision is made. \par \par In this case in the interests of justice, under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Order 53 r.9(4)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 I will remit the matter of the disciplinary proceedings to the Public Service Commission which heard the charges to reach a decision herein possibly by calling the applicant before it as it did by its letter on the question of penalty.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Once a decision is reached, the applicant will be at liberty to consider what course of action to take. \par \par For these reasons the application is dismissed with each party to bear his own costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616175 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 D. Pathik \par Atg. }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 Judge}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3616175 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par At Suva \par 15 February 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964935\charrsid3616175 \par }}