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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 ACTIO}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 N NO. MISC. APPLICATION NO. HBM00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 81J OF 2002S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 BETWEEN:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 27066 CPL. Metuisela Railumu
\par 24393 CPL. Isireli Cakau
\par 26700 CPL. Alikisio Alaava
\par 25572 Lance Corporal Barbados Mills
\par 28390 Private Pauliasi Namulo
\par 29551 Private Jona Nawaqa
\par 29200 Private Beniame Sokiveta
\par 29211 Private Filimoni Raivalu
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 APPLICANTS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 AND:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 THE COMMANDER, REPUBLIC OF FIJI}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 MILITARY FORCES.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 1ST RESPONDENT
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 THE MINISTER FOR HOME AFFAIRS}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 2ND RESPONDENT
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF FIJI.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 3RD RESPONDENT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Counsel for the Applicants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 : }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 S. Valenitabua S.R. Esq.
\par Counsel for the 1st Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 : }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Cpt. K. Tuinaosara, Army Legal Services
\par Counsel for the 2nd & 3rd Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 : }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 K.T. Keteca, Attorney-General\rquote s Chambers
\par Human Rights Commission (Amicus Curae)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 : }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Dr. S. Shameem
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Date of Judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 : 24 December 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 Time of Judgment: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 11.00 a.m.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par The Applicants, 8 soldiers in all, are charged with various offences under the Army Act ranging from mutiny to misprison to treason.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
They have all been in custody }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 (\'93close arrest\'94) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 for the last 24 months.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 6 of the 8 had unsuccessfully applied for release under habeas corpus in May this year.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 All 8 have been in detention since November 2000.
\par 
\par The present}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 application is by Motion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Seeking various declarations in respect of their constitutional rights that they allege have been breached by their continued}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 incarceration, and Order for their release pending their Court martial.
\par 
\par This application is made pursuant to the High Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 (Constitutional Redress)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Rules 1998.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Having ma
de known of their intention to rely on the Rules for relief, I invited the Human Rights Commission, to appear as Amicus and make submissions.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 HIGH COURT (CONSTITUTIONAL REDRESS) RULES}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par Let me first address the issue whether the Applicants can rely on the Rules for the relief they are seeking.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The High}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
(Constitutional Redress) Rules and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 specifically Rule 3 thereof to which this Application relates, allows the High Court to entertain}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 for the purposes of enforcement, applications from person or persons who claims or claim that individual right have been contravened.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 There}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
is however limitation on the time during which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 application}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 can}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 be filed which is set out at Rule 3(2) and reads}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93(2)\tab an application under paragraph (1) must not be admitted or enterta
ined after 30 days from the date when the matter at issue first arose\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Obviously, given that the Applicants in this proceedings have only filed their Motion on 6 September 2002, some 22 months after the incidents for which they are charged, the obstacle of 30 days limitation, seems insurmountable.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Arguments however have been advanced that raises the issue of the constitutionality of the limitation period of 30 days.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 According}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 to the proposers of this argument,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 the 30 days rule is unconstitutional insofar as it infringes the right of the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 individual to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 unfretted}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 access to the Courts, as provided for under section 29 (2) of the Constitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 It states}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93(2)\tab 
Every party to a civil dispute has the right to have the matter determined by a Court of law or, if appropriate, by an independent and impartial tribunal.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Counsel for the Applicants referred the Court to decisions in other jurisdictions (see }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Republic v. Taabare & Or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 . (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 1985}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  LRC (Crim.); }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 R}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  v. }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Robins}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  (1884) 1 Cox Cc 114; }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Grant}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137  }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 v. DPP}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 1981}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  3 WLR 352; }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Martin v. Tauraga District Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  (1995) 2 NZLR 419}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Wemhoff v. Germany}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  (1 EHRR 55) as well as our own }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Filimoni Tikoisuva v. The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  No. HAM}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 0012.19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
96, to support the authority that unreasonable delay due to the prosecution gives rise to injustice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The ability to abide}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 by the 30 day rule therefore may be beyond the control of an applicant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 A much more direct authority on legislative limitation of the exercise of an individual\rquote s rights was cited by Proceedings Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission in an ea
rlier similar matter before this court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 In}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Leach Mokela}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Mohlomi v Minister of Defence}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  (1996), a South African case, a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 6 month limitation period under the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 country\rquote s Defence Act was struck down by the Courts as being incompatible with section 22 of the country\rquote 
s then Interim Constitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Section 22 was very similar to our own S.29 (2).
\par 
\par The rights of the individual as protected under the Constitution\rquote s Bill of Rights, including such rights as protected under s.29 (2) cannot be whittled down or compromised by
 the imposition of conditions that may be deemed unreasonable or unjustifiable in a free and democratic society.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Statutory provisions such as those found in Rule 3 (2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
imposing a 30 days limitation period for applications to the Court to make good any breach of individual right, cannot be allowed to remain, unless valid grounds are advanced to support it.
\par 
\par It is often the base assumptions for the imposition of limitation rules as to time for lodging applications that long delays before a person litigates, are not always in the interests of justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 There is first the issue that the State or authorities be given early warnings and allow time to reply.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 There are questions of availability of witnesses, fading or failing memories and retention of documentary evi
dence; all to be considered which give rise to the necessity of limiting the time to litigate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Our very own Limitation Act (Cap 35) finds its objects and reasons amongst all these factors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
At the end, the rules are intended to prevent procrastination, which, if given}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 way to,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 will only bring undesirable and harmful consequences to the person, the parties and the community at large.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par The question is whether similar considerations should also apply to provisions in the Constitution that have as their objective the protection of rights and freedoms of an individual against interference or intrusion by others and including the State.

\par 
\par In the Court\rquote s view, the time limitation of 30 days within which to bring an application that is intended to assert any of the basic rights of an individual as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 recognised by the Bill of Rights}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
in Chapter 4 of the Constitution, is neither reasonable nor justifiable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 In its effect, it interposes itself between the individual
\rquote s rights guaranteed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 by the Constitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 and one\rquote s ability to exercise it, and in so doing jeopardises the essence of all the rights protected under Chapter 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 As the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Amicus Cur}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 ae aptly puts it; }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93It fetters an applicant\rquote s right of redress.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The Court finds that the 30-day limitation under Rule 3 (2) of the High Cou
rt (Constitutional Redress) Rules 1998, unconstitutional and therefore invalid.
\par 
\par However, this is not to say that there cannot be any limitation period whatsoever, governing the application made under section 41 of the Constitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 This Court is merely saying that until and unless there are amendments to Rule 3 (2) of the High Court (Constitutional Redress) Rules, that are compatible with the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 right under s.41 of the Constitution, the Court can only deal with each application affecting the issue of limitati
on period, on the test of reasonableness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Whether the Limitation Act can be used as a yardstick for this purpose, is for the Court to decide.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 As the Court stated in }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Mohlomi Case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93What counts rather, I believe, is the sufficiency or insufficiency, the ade
quacy or inadequacy, of the room which the limitations leaves open in the beginning for the exercise of the right.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
For the consistency of the limitation with the right depends on the availability of an initial opportunity to exercise the right that amounts, in all the circumstances characterising the class of case in question, to a real and fair one.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
The Court now turns to consider whether the application of the 8 soldiers before it, comes under the Court (Constitutional Redress) Rules, and whether the pe
riod of 22 months that have lapsed from the time the incidents took place are reasonable under all the circumstances.
\par 
\par The Applicants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 have been in detention from November 2000 to the present.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 In that time they have been interviewed and charges under the Army Act, before a General Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Martial have been preferred.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
There being no indication of the convening of the Court Martial, after continuing detention of 17 months, 6 of the Applicants applied for a Writ of Habeas Corpus which the Court refused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The Court was informed during that proceedings, that the Court Martial will be convened}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 in two to four months time, or at any rate during the course of this year.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 This obviously has}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 not come}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 about and against the uncertainty of their Court appearance and their cont
inued detention, they have now come by way of Motion seeking redress under the High Court (Constitutional Redress) Rules.
\par 
\par While it is true that it has taken some 22 months from the time the incidents occurred to the date of the application under the (Constitutional Redress)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Rules, the circumstances}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 has not been}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 solely of their own making.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 It is most likely that this application may not have come about if the Court Martial had convened this year, as indicated to the Court by the 1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  Respondent at the May hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 It is reasonable to assume that the Applicants had relied on this statement, for a 2002 hearing of their charges, and therefore had not explored other reliefs.
\par 
\par Given the circumstances surrounding this case together with the Court\rquote s views on the limitation period expressed above, I am of the view, that this application falls within the High Court (Constitutional Redress) Rules.
\par 
\par Having decided in favour of the Applicants, I now turn to the reliefs they are seeking as set out in the Motion, to whit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93 1.\tab }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
A DECLARATION}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  that the Applicants\rquote  respective constitutional rights to have their cases determined within a reasonable time by a Court of Law have been breached.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 A DECLARATION}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  that the Applicants\rquote 
 respective constitutional rights to be released from detention on reasonable terms and conditions pending trial have been breached.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 A DECLARATION}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  that the Applicants\rquote 
 respective detentions in prison are now unlawful and/or amount to oppression and that the Applicants should be released pending trial.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par TRIAL WITHIN REASONABLE TIME}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par The Applicants\rquote  base their argument squarely on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 section 29 of the Constitution and specifically sub-section (3) which states}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93(3)\tab 
Every person charged with an offence and every party to a civil dispute has the right to have the case determined within a reasonable time.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 What constitutes }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93a reasonable time
\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 was extensively canvassed by Townsley J in }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
The State v Peniasi Kata}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  Lautoka Case No. HAC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 009}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 .19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 94 in which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
His Lordship}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 referred}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 to various decisions of the European Court of Human Rights dealing with the issue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The basic tenet that emerges from all of these cases, is that no person charged or detained should remain too long }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93
in a state of uncertainty about his fate\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par In addition to that and much more fundamental as far as the Fiji Constitution is concerned, is the doctrine of presumption of innocence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Section 28 (1) (a) of the Constitution asserts that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Rights of charged person}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 28.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 -}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 (1)
\tab Every person charged with an offence has the right}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law; ...\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
It is the belief that a person remains innocent until proven otherwise that underlies the whole concept on reasonableness of time before a person is brought before the Court to be tried.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 It is the foundation upon which the protection of the fundamental liberty and human dignity of the person accused by the State of criminal conduct is anchored.
\par 
\par There are other factors that must be considered by the Court before deciding whether there has been excessive procedural delays in the conduct of the prosecution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Such matters as the complexity of the case, the conduct of the parties, the volume of evidence and multi-sources of evidence that may require time to collate and assemble them, are all relevant matters to be considered.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 In
 this instance Counsel for the defence argues that the Fiji Military Forces had done all it could in an attempt to convene the Court Martial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 However its efforts has}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 been frustrated by}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 inadequate resources.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
For example, it had tried without success to obtain the services of a High Court judge locally as Judge Advocate, and the present one though local had to be recruited from abroad.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 In addition, assistance sought from other countries had also been unsuccessful.
\par 
\par The Court is invited by the Respondents that, in considering the issue of reasonable time, it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 should do so in the context of Fiji\rquote 
s status as a developing country with inefficient resources that may in turn impede the efficient performance of some of the functions of the State.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 But as the Court observed in }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Peniasi Kata}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  (supra),}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93
Neither the workload of the Court nor a shortage of resources, is a sufficient justification for delay in a trial.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par Counsel for the 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  Respondent argued that even if the Applicants succeed in their submission that their de
tention is unreasonable given the length of time they have been held, that Applicants continuing detention is in accordance with the Manual}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 of Military}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Law (The Manual), the Queen\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Regulations, and the Army Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Counsel}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 point to His Excellency}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 the President\rquote s Orders of 15 April 2002 and 15 May 2002 respectively, that purports to hold the Applicants, amongst others, in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93close arrest\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
 for periods in excess of 72 days, which the Regulations, under normal arrest situation, would permit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 These Orders are made b
y the President as Commander-in-Chief of the military forces, pursuant to The Manual and specifically Regulation 6.047 of the Queens Regulations for the Army 1975.
\par 
\par Chapter 2 of The Manual deals with }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93Close arrest\'94.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Paragraph 12 explains that the accused cannot be held for longer than 72 days without the Court Martial being convened, unless the convening officer has directed in writing that the accused should continue to be held.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 However, the extension must comply}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 with Regulations 6047 of the Queens Regulation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
It states that a charge must be dealt with at the earlier opportunity.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
If however, there are delays in bringing the accused to trial after 72 days then reasons must be given.
\par 
\par Whether the Respondents have complied fully with the procedural requirements of the Queen\rquote 
s Regulations in respect of the period of detention beyond the initial 72 days is unclear, but the Counsel for the Applicants submits in any case, that Chapter 2 paragraph 12 of the Queen\rquote s Regulations is ult}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 a vires the Constitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The Court does not agree.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 It is true that the Constitution is supreme}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 and therefore}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 any law}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 inconsistent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
with it is invalid.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Neither the Manual nor the Queen\rquote s Regulations or any of the provisions cited in these proceedings are }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 ipso facto}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  inconsistent with the Constitution and therefore invalid.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
To the extent therefore they provide for the efficient administration and discipline of the armed forces they remain valid and properly within the qualifications and/or limitations provided under the Constitution.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Where, however,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
in the exercise of the authority under them, actions flagrantly infringes on the rights of a person as an individual, then the issue of the validity or otherwise of such actions are and can properly be raised.
\par 
\par It is clear to the Court that, even if the Orders to detain the Applicants may have been in conformity with The Manual and the Queen\rquote 
s Regulations, and would have sustained their continuing arrest beyond the 72 days allowable, the fact that it is now more than 24 months after the Applicants 
initial arrests, and detention properly brings the issue into the domain of Chapter 4 of the Constitution.
\par 
\par The Supremacy of the Constitution under the circumstances is undeniable. The introductory section (section 21) to Chapter 4 states}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-720\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Application
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 21}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 -}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 (1)\tab This Chapter binds}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls4\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government at all levels: central, divisional and local; and
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls4\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 all persons performing the functions of any public office .....\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par There is no question of a member of the military forces not being beneficiary to the same common law or constitutional rights as those enjoyed by an ordinary citizen of the State.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 In fact, Chapter 1 paragraph 2 of the Manual of Military Law concedes that a soldier does not cease to be a citizen and as such he is imbued with the same civil rights as non-soldiers.

\par 
\par These principles had long been}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 recognised and stated in }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Hendon v. Evans}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  (1919) 35 TLR 642 thus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls5\outlinelevel0\rin-720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 If the rights which an officer or soldier is seeking to enforce are given to him not by common l
aw but by military law, as in the case of promotion, the remedy is in military law alone.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls5\outlinelevel0\rin-720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 If such rights are fundamental common law rights (constitutional) as in liberty, then}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 save in so far as they are taken away by military law, they may be asserted in the ordinary Courts.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par The exception to the proviso to (ii) above, obviously lies in the fact that Fiji\rquote s Constitution provides additional protection to a soldier apart from the situation at common law.
\par 
\par Amicus also canvassed the scope of the application of section 23 (3) of the Constitution if perchance the Applicants were being detained }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93
pursuant to a measure authorised under a state of emergency.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
While the respondents do not appear to have relied on the extensive powers provided for the authorities under s.23 (3), the fact that Chapter 14 of the Constitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 (\'93Emergency Powers\'94)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 specifically section 187 (3) thereof, prohibits derogation of rights and freedoms protected}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 under section 27 (the rights of detained}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 persons), would}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 have}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 countered}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 such efforts.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par Counsel then referred the Court to various international conventions that give effect to universal recognition and practice of the right of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 redress and or access to independent and impartial tribunal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1948 states at Article 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 

\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Th
e International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights also adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1966 states (Article 2(3)) as follows}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 3.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 To ensure that any person whose 
rights or freedoms as herein recognised are violated shall have an effective remedy, notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity;
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right the
reto determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by giving other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy;
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 To ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when granted.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par The fact that Fiji has only ratified the first of the two Conventions above, does not diminish our moral obligation at the very least, to conduct ourselves in accordance with principles proclaimed under it.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
They after all, represent the values and principles that are the underpinnings of a free and democratic society of which this nation claims to be one.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 It will also be recalled that the Reeves Constitution Review Commission had in their Mission Statement, undertaken to recommend constitutional arrangements}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 which must, inter alia,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93take into account}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 internationally recognised}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
principles and standards of individual and group rights.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 NATIONAL SECURITY}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par The issue of national security had been raised by the Respondents as justifying the continuation of the \'93close arrest\'94 of the Applicants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The onus of proving so, squarely rests upon the Respondents.
\par 
\par The affidavits filed by various Army officers, responsible for collating information and charges against the A
pplicants, as well as from service intelligence, paint a potentially dangerous, if not de-stabilising situation if the Applicants were to be released into the community.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The Applicants were all members of the now disbanded CRW Unit that were responsible for the mutiny at the Barracks and assisted in the Parliament take-over.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Also, according to the Respondents, there are still 12 pieces of Army weaponry still missing the location of which, the respondents believe, are known to the Applicants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 In, support of this the Respondents referred to the fact that one of the Applicants had recently pleaded guilty to a weapon-possession charge in the Magistrates\rquote  Court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Also records of weapons used in Parliament, show that one of the missing weapons was used by one of the Applicants during the siege.
\par 
\par The Respondents in a Supplementary affidavit filed on the day of this hearing, informed the Court of events of the last 24 hours when a soldier has been detained for distributing a petition in the name of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93Fiji Peacekeeping And Action Trustee Association.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The petition, intended for active army personnel, who by signing it have}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93unanimously agreed for the resignation of the Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces on his rejection of the proposed good-will payment to ex-UNIFIL personnel.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par According to the Respondents, the fact that the Applicants are facing charges of trying to overthrow the Commander in the unsuccessful mutiny, coupled with the petition content and objective, tends to show that the Applicants will provide}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 additional risk element to those already existing in the community.
\par 
\par Finally, the Respondents point to the fact that so far only 15 of the soldiers have been court-martialled.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
All have been found guilty and sentences varied from 2 years to life imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
There are 25 (including the Applicants) held at Korovou prison and a further 58 from Labasa and now detained at Togalevu, still awaiting the convening of the Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The political situation is still fragile and, according to the Respondents, the Applicants must remain in \'93close arrest\'94 to protect it.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 At any rate, the punishment for mutiny is death or a very long prison term.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 On balance, the Respondents invite the Court to view it, as it was in the Habeas Corpus hearing of last May, in which Scott J decided that }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93the risk to the safety, stability and well-being\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
 of the country, far out-weighed, the consideration in favour of the release of 6 of the present 8 Applicants.
\par 
\par In response, the Applicants in the affidavits filed on their behalf, deny that they know the whereabouts of the missing weapons.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
They do not have any direct links with the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93Fiji Peacekeeping And Action Trustee Association,\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
 although it had written in support of their release, nor were they aware of the petition that was being circulated and referred to in the 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 st}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  Respondent\rquote s Supplementary Affidavit of 17 December, 2002.
\par 
\par The Applicants submit that they do not pose any threat to the security of the country.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
They are more interested in rejoining their families from whom they have been separated for more than 2 years whilst awaiting Court appearance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 In support of their intention and expression of good behaviour, the Applicants have annexed, letters, statements and testimonies of support from amongst the Communities they live in, and
 as well as from religious leaders.
\par 
\par The Amicus referred the Court to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93the Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  (Siracusa Principles).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 They comprise }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 \'93interpre}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 tive principles\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
 that are intended to assist in setting guidelines to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93specific limitation clauses,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'94
 that are normally to be found in national laws that restricts an individual\rquote s right or liberty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
The Siracusa Principles are generally considered to reflect the general status of current international law and have been mentioned or referred to in Court decisions in other jurisdictions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 For example, in New Zealand following Thomas J\rquote s reference to the Siracusa Principles in }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Quitter v. A-G}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  4 HRNZ 170, there is an acceptance that the Principles are relevant as aid to the interpretation of their Bill of Rights.
\par 
\par Paragraphs 29 - 32 of The Siracusa Principles deals with }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93national security,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'94 and states as follows:}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \loch\af0\dbch\af0\hich\f0 \'93\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-720{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls12\pnrnot0\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb \'93}}
\faauto\ls12\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'94national}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 security\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 National security may be involved to just
ify measures limiting certain rights only when they are taken to protect the existence of the nation or its territorial integrity or political independence against forces or threat of force.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 30.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 National Security cannot be invoked as a reason for imposing lim
itations to prevent merely local or relatively isolated threats to law and order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 31.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
National security cannot be used as a pretext for imposing vague or arbitrary limitations and may only be invoked when there exist adequate safeguards and effective remedies against abuse.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 32.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The systematic violation of human rights undermines true national security and may jeopardise international peace and security.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 A state responsible for such violation shall not invoke national security as a justification for measures aimed
 at suppressing opposition to such violation or at perpetrating repressive practices against its population.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
The question for this Court is whether the Respondents have tangible existing and sufficient evidence to show and convince the Court of a real threat posed to the nation by the release of the Applicants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 In the Court\rquote s view, it is not sufficient to show that the threat is relatively isolated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 It is not enough to suppose that there may exist a link between the Applicants and certain }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93disquietening\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  happenings outside.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par In this case, there appears to this Court to be a lack of rational connection between the Applicants and incidents outside referred to in the affidavits.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 There is an unfortunate but perhaps}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
understandable paranoiac fixation given the crises this country has gone through,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
with threats to the national security, when one is merely referring to isolated incidents or events.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
The theories of conspiracies to oust Government and other luminaries are abound and provide daily fodder for our equally conspiracy-obsessive media. 
\par 
\par The Court readily concedes that the 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  Respondent has its own security assessment}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 and intelligence gathering service, which maybe devoid of sentiments expressed above.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Nevertheless, in making its own assessment, this Court has to be satisfied that the national security of the country will be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 compromised by the release of the Applicants.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par In my humble opinion, the Respondents have not discharged the onus of proving that the limitation placed on the rights of the Applicants, which necessitates their continuing detention is in the national interest or in the interest of national security.

\par 
\par In all the circumstances therefore, the Court finds that the continuing detention under }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93close arrest\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
 of the Applicants for over 24 months without being brought to trial is in breach of their constitutional rights.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 

\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 RELEASE ON REASONABLE TERMS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par The Applicants in addition argue that their right as detained persons which is protected under s.27 of the Constitution, has been breached.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The breach relate to the protection granted them for release from detention while awaiting trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 It is covered in s.27 (3) (c) which states}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \'93
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls8\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Every person who is arrested for a suspected offence has the right}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-687\li2127\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls9\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin720\lin2127\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 to be informed promptly in a language that he or she understands that he or she has the right to refrain from making a statement,

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-687\li2127\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls9\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin720\lin2127\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
to be brought before a Court not later than 48 hours after the time of arrest or, if that is not reasonably possible, as soon as possible thereafter; and
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-687\li2127\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls9\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin720\lin2127\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 to be released from detention on reasonable terms and conditions pending trial, unless the interests of justice otherwise require}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 .\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1440\li3567\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin3567\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 (emphasis is mine)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par A necessary corollary to this right is the presumption of innocence right which is protected under s.28 of the Constitution, and which the Court had considered above in relation to the holding of trial within a reasonable time.
\par 
\par Having already decided that the Applicants continuing detention and \'93close arrest\'94 is in breach of their Constitutional rights, the Court does not believe it necessary under the circumstances to consider the second issue raised by Counsel.
\par 
\par The same applies to the third declaration sought by the Applicants.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 CONCLUSION}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The Applicants have been in detention}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
awaiting trial for some 25 months as of today.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 No}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 country that calls itself civilised, let alone democratic, can possibly allow this situation to continue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 It is an intolerable situation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
While they have been charged with serious offences against the State, their rights as individuals and citizens of this country cannot be ignored, simply because the system is not able to bring them to trial early;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Or that there are unsubstantiated reports linking them to further disturba}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
nce that has happened recently.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par The events of which these individuals are charged remains a scar in the political landscape of this country.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Lives were lost, communities divided and our society fractured as a result.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 There are paths to be mended.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 But surely the sign of a mature nation lies in its ability to respond to challenges, be they}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
nature or man-made, in a way that preserves the values that bind us all, a country of many races, while maintaining the dignity of the individual as a human person.
\par 
\par It is in attempting to maintain the equilibrium between the sanction necessary due to the seriousness of the offence (s) the Applicants are being charged with on the one hand, and the rights and liberties of the individual on the other hand,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 that I have decided and hereby}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 order the release of the Appellants with conditions.
\par 
\par The conditions of the release are as follows}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 That the Applicants will immediately before release, surrender to the police all their}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 passports and other travel documents.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The Applicants will reside continuously at the addresses given at paragraph 18 (c) of the Affidavit of 2 August 2002.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
Should there be a change of residence/address due to unavoidable and unforeseen circumstance, the Police shall be informed promptly of the change.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 During the period of release, the Applicants shall not attend any gathering of any sort, e
xcepting strictly very close family and religious gatherings.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 A 12 hour curfew is imposed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 This means the Applicants will confine themselves to their homes between the hours of 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. daily.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The Applicants shall not associate or communicate wi
th each other nor with any other member or ex-member of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces; neither will they attempt to interfere with any witnesses to be called during the trials.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The Applicants will under no condition, visit the Army headquarters and
/or any army barracks or military installation, except as provided for elsewhere in this judgment.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 The Applicants will report, once a day before curfew, to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
following Police stations/posts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-3600\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\faauto\ls11\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid14122137 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Nabua Police Station}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  \tab Cpl. Metuisela Railumu
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi4320\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 Pvte. Jona Nawaqa
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-3600\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 (ii) \tab Valelevu Police Station}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \tab Cpl. Alikisio Alaava
\par }\pard \ql \fi4320\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 L. Cpl. Barbados Mills
\par Pvte. Pauliasi Namulo
\par Pvte Peniame Sokiveta
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-3600\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 (iii) \tab Raiwaqa Police Station}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \tab Cpl. Isireli Cakau}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-3600\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 (iv) \tab Nausori Police Station}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 \tab Pvte. Filimoni Raivalu
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par On the morning of the convening of your General Court Martial the Applicants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
are to surrender themselves once more to the authorities by reporting to the Commanding Officer (CO) of the Army Training Group\rquote s Camp (ATG) at Nasinu at 8.00 a.m. of that particular morning, and thereafter 
they will be brought before the GCM which will, amongst other things, decide the continuation or otherwise of release including if appropriate, any additional conditions, it may}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 care to impose.
\par 
\par A breach of any of the conditions that I have set out by any one of the Applicants will automatically mean the forfeiture of the conditions in respect of the Applicant concerned who}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 will, upon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
proof of such breach before this Court, immediately order arrest and detention until the trial.
\par 
\par The costs is summarily assessed at $350, which I award against the Respondents.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14122137 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 F. Jitoko
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 JUDGE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14122137 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 At Suva
\par 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541401\charrsid14122137  December 2002
\par }}