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\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221\charrsid5323221 
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\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221\charrsid5323221 00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 86 of 2002}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221\charrsid5323221 
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\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 PLAINTIFF}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221 
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\par ORDER 54 OF THE HIGH COURT RULES FOR
\par A WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS AD-SUBJUCIENDUM
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 DEFENDANT}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221 
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\par Mr. K. Maraiwai }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 Counsel for the Applicant
\par Mr. E. Tuiloma\tab \}
\par \tab \tab \tab \}}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221\charrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221\charrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 Counsels for the Respondent
\par Mr. O. Oji\tab \tab \}}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221\charrsid5323221 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 JUDGMENT
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\par This application for a writ of habeas corpus was commenced by one Jainul Nisha the common law wife of KAMAL MUSTAFA who was a prohibited immigrant.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 I shall call him the applicant in the judgment.
\par 
\par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 FACTS}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 :
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 This applicant\rquote s present name is Kamal Mustafa.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
Previously he was known as Peter Klaus Krohn.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 He is a Canadian citizen.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 He had visited Fiji in 1999.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 He was then deported from Fiji on 3}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 rd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221  February 1999 and was declared a prohibited immigrant for two reasons:
\par 
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\par On 27}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221  July 2002, he arrived in Fiji from Los Angeles on an Air Pacific flight.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 He carried a Canadian passport bearing the name KAMAL MUSTAFA.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 He was issued with one month\rquote s visitor\rquote s visa.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
He later applied for an extension and was granted an extension of visitor\rquote s visa till 26}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221  October 2002.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
\par 
\par All the time when the visitor\rquote s visa was issued at Nadi Airport and at the time of the later extension it was not known that Kamal Mustafa was the same person as Peter Klaus Krohn.
\par 
\par It appears that either by coincidence or at the instigation of Jainul Nisha\rquote s lawful husband, two Immigration officers who had helped deport the applicant in 1999, located the applicant in Tacirua, Suva and took him into custody.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 It was then realized that Kamal Mustafa was the same person as Peter Klaus Krohn.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 This led to arrest and detention of the applicant.
\par 
\par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 ISSUES}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 :
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 It is not in dispute that the applicant had been deported from Fiji on 3}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 rd}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221  February 1999.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
He had been declared a prohibited immigrant pursuant to Section 11(2)(a) and (b) of the Immigration Act Cap 88.
\par 
\par Section 9(5) of the Immigration Act empowers an Immigration officer to cancel }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 \'93a visitor\rquote s permit if he is satisfied that the visitor is not a person to whom a visitor\rquote 
s permit ought to have been issued \'85\'94
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
\par The applicant\rquote s prohibited Immigrant status had not been uplifted.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 He should have been well a
ware of his status as a prohibited Immigrant before he set foot in Fiji on 26}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 th}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221  July 2002.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 His entry into Fiji was therefore unlawful.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 This led to cancellation of his visa.
\par 
\par Once the prohibited Immigrant status of the applicant is established, it enables the Permanent Secretary to exercise his powers to remove the person from Fiji and to keep him in custody or in prison pending deportation.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 Such powers are conferred on the Permanent Secretary under the provisions of Section 15(1) and (3) of the Immigration 
Act, which reads as follows}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
\par 
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\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
The Permanent Secretary may make an order directing that any person whose presence within Fiji is, under the provisions of this Act, unlawful, shall, as the Permanent Secretary may specify from the date of service o
f the order on such person or on the completion of any sentence of imprisonment which he may be serving, be ordered to leave Fiji or be removed from and remain out of Fiji either indefinitely or for a period to be specified in the order.
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 under this section shall be carried into effect in such manner as the Permanent Secretary may direct.
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\par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 (3)\tab 
A person against whom an order under this section is made may, before he leaves Fiji and while being conveyed to the place of departure, be kept in prison or in police custody, and while so kept shall be deemed to be in lawful custody.\'94}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221\charrsid5323221 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 The applicant is therefore lawfully detained pending deportation.
\par 
\par Counsel for the applicant submits that the applicant now wishes to appeal against the unreasonableness of the decision to deport him in 1999.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 I must say the applicant had three years to do that and he did nothing about it.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 Further the mere fact that an applicant wishes to appeal against the decision to remove him is in itself not a good ground for stay of removal order.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 In ESTRELLA TRUFIL & 6 OTHERS vs. THE DIRECTOR OF IMMIGRATION (1997) 43 FLR 1}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221  Justice Lyons emphasized that the mere fact the applicant had commenced legal proceedings in Fiji did not provide a ground for stay of removal order.
\par 
\par The Applicant further submits that his constitutional right under Section 38 of the 1997 Constitution has been violated.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
Section 38(1) reads:
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 \'93Every person has the right to equality before the law.\'94}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 \'93Equality before the law\'94}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221  means equality before the law of the land.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 If the applicant were to have his way, that is not equality.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 He is asking for a preferential treatment on the basis that the Immigration laws of Fiji are waived against him and he should be allowed to stay in Fiji despite the fact that he is a prohibi
ted immigrant.
\par 
\par Finally, the appellant submits that he is married to a Fiji citizen and therefore entitled to enter and remain in Fiji by virtue of Section 16(b) of the 1997 Constitution.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 That section reads}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 \'93(a)\tab The following persons may enter and reside
 in the Fiji Islands }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 so long as they comply with conditions}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221  prescribed by Parliament }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 governing entry and residence}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 .
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 (b)\tab a foreign wife or widow or foreign husband or widower of a}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 citizen.\'94
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 [underlining is mine for emphasis]}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221\charrsid5323221 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 The applicant has two hurdles to overcome.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
First, is he the husband of a Fiji citizen?}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 Jainul Nisha deposed that she is the common law wife of the applicant.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 The acting Principal Immigration Officer annexed a marriage certificate of the parties issued by Mount Roskill Islamic Trust Inc
orporation, Auckland, New Zealand.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 It is not issued by Registrar of Marriages.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 That document is not proof of a legal marriage.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
That marriage certificate incorrectly states Jainul Nisha\rquote s status as divorced.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 Counsel conceded in court that she is not divorce
d and she is still married to one Rahiman Shah but is intending to divorce him.
\par 
\par This court can hardly elevate de facto relationships to}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  the level of a legal marriage.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 The constitution is talking of legal husband and legal wife.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
The applicant therefore does not have a locus standi under Section 16(b) of the Constitution.
\par 
\par Secondly, even if the applicant were lawfully married to Jainul Nisha, a Fiji citizen, it does not ipso facto open automatic sliding doors to entry into Fiji.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 He still has to comply with condition governing entry and residence.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
He still has to apply under Section 8 of the Immigration Act and obtain a permit before he can enter and reside in Fiji.
\par 
\par It is obvious that the applicant was a prohibited immigrant.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 Therefore, I find both his arrest and detention are lawful.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
The mere fact that the applicant had a de facto relationship with a Fiji citizen does not exempt him from the provisions of the Immigration Act.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 De facto relationships and if I may add even legal marriages, are not a short cut t
o entry and residence in Fiji; nor can they be used to circumvent the provisions of the Immigration laws of this land.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
The application for habeas corpus is therefore dismissed.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
I cannot see how any order for costs can be enforced against the applicant so I order no costs.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323221 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 \{ Jiten Singh \}
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5323221 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 
\par At Suva
\par 2}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221 nd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287151\charrsid5323221  October 2002
\par }}