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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: HAA041 OF 2002
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 KAVENI RAIBONO
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 THE STATE
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Respondent
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158\charrsid1732158 Hearing: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 14th May 2002
\par Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158\charrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 15th May 2002
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Appellant in Person
\par Ms A. Prasad for Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 JUDGMENT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par On 14}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  September 2001, the Appellant was convicted, on his guilty plea of the following offence:
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 THEFT CATTLE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
: Contrary to Section 275 of the Penal Code, Cap. 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Particulars of Offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 EMORI KOROIRAVUNI, AMANI TAV
ITANI, LIVAI ROKOTAKALA and KAVENI RAIBONO between 22/8/2001 and 23/8/2001 at Waidewara, Tailevu in the Central Division, stole two (2) milking cows valued $800.00 the property of JAY SINGH s/o Brij Lot Singh.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par He was sentenced to two years imprisonment suspended for two years.
\par 
\par On 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  November 2001, the Appellant pleaded guilty to the following offence:
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 LARCENY OF CATTLE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
: Contrary to Section 275 of the Penal Code, Cap. 17.
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Particulars of Offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 KAVENI RAIBONO, sometimes in between the 30}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  and the 31}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 st}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  day of October, 2001 at Nabaitavo, Naitasiri, in the Central Division, stole two cows valued at $300.00 each, to the total value of $600.00, the property of RAM JEET s/o Ram Bajan.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par He was sentenced to two years imprisonment, and the suspended sentence imposed on 14}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
 September 2001 was activated in full, to run consecutively to the substantive term of imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
He now appeals against sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 His grounds of appeal, which I summarise for convenience, are as follows:
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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 He was not told of his right to counsel and he was thereby prejudiced;
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1732158 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 The learned Magistrate failed to take into account the fact that the Appellant had paid the complainant $600.00;
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1732158 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 That his six children were suffering because he is in prison;
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1732158 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 That he was not asked to show cause why his suspended sentence should not be activated.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 The grounds of appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par 
\par It is apparent from the court record that the Appellant was not told of his right to counsel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
It is unfortunate that the learned Magistrate ignored section 28(1)(d) of the Constitution, and failed to tell the Appellant of his constitutional right to counsel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 As I said in }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Suren Singh & Others -v- The State}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  Crim. App. No. 019 of 2000 a simple four-step procedure followed by magistrates before the plea is taken, will e
nsure compliance with the Constitution, and will result in a reduction of appeals to the High Court on the ground of unfair procedure.
\par 
\par There was a breach of section 28 of the Constitution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 However, the question is whether the Appellant was thereby prejudiced.
\par 
\par I find on a scrutiny of the court record, that the charge was read and explained to the Appellant, that he understood it, and that his plea of guilty was unequivocal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 I also find that the facts outlined by the prosecution were detailed and clear, and disclosed the ingredients of the offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 The Appellant agreed that he was the driver of a two ton carrier, which contained two slaughtered cows which had been stolen from the complainant.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 In mitigation, he said he committed the offence because he was desperate for money.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 I do not consider that the Appellant was prejudiced by the learned Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 '
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 s failure to comply with section 28 of the Constitution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
His first ground of appeal is dismissed.
\par 
\par As to his appeal against sentence, the court record does not show that the learned Magistrate took into account the fact that the money had been given to the complainant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Nor has he referred to the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
s other mitigating circumstances.
\par 
\par However the two year sentence imposed, for an offence with a maximum sentence of fourteen years is not manifestly excessive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
This is particularly so because the Appellant was entitled to no leniency on the ground of character. He has seven previous convictions including one for injuring animal, three for larceny and one for Shop Breaking Entering and Larceny.
\par 
\par In principle, a sentencer is required to identify a starting point within the tariff for similar offences, and then to adjust up and down for aggravating and mitigating circumstances. In this way the accused (and the appell
ate court) can be sure that all relevant matters were taken into account, and that the sentencing process was principled in approach.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 This then ensures uniformity of approach to sentencing, which ultimately leads to a pattern of sentencing in all the courts which appears to be, and is, fair and transparent.
\par 
\par However, despite the fact that the learned Magistrate did not adopt this procedure in this case, the two year sentence was not wrong in principle in its result.
\par 
\par I now turn to the activation of the suspended sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 The learned Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 s sentencing remarks were as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Accused has pleaded guilty to the charge.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 He was ordered by Tailevu Court on 14/9/01, for committing similar offence, not to re-offend for 2 years.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Barely one month after the Court gave him a chance to reform, he again committed similar offence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Accused is sentenced to two years imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Suspended sentence is activated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 To serve consecutively.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par Section 30(1) of the Penal Code provides, inter alia, that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Where an offender 
is convicted of an offence punishable with imprisonment committed during the operational period of a suspended sentence, and either he was convicted by or before a court having power under the provisions of section 31 to deal with him in respect of the su
spended sentence or who subsequently appears or is brought before the court, then, unless the sentence has already taken effect, the court shall consider his case and deal with him by one of the following methods:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1732158 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 the court may order that the suspended sentence shall take effect with the original term unaltered;
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1732158 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
it may make any order with respect to the suspended sentence, and a court shall make an order under paragraph (a) unless the court is of opinion that it would be unjust to do so in view of all the 
circumstances which have arisen since the suspended sentence was passed, including the facts of the subsequent offence and, where it is of that opinion, the court shall state its reasons.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par Pain J in }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Saimoni Tucila -v- The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  Crim. App. No. HAA0009 of 1996, and }{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Binesh Pillay -v- The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
 Crim. App. No. 0023 of 1997, explained how the sentencer should approach the activation of a suspended sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 In }{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Saimoni Tucila}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  he said, at page 4 of his judgment:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 .... there is a statutory obligation on the Magistrate }
{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 to consider the offender}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 '}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 s case}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
 and, in considering whether or not it would be unjust to activate the suspended sentence for its full term, the offender must be given the opportunity to show cause why it would be unjust.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 The practice approved by this Court, is for the offender to be given the opportunity to show such cause on oath.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  (emphasis in the original)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par In that case Pain J quashed the sentence but invited the offender to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 show cause}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  on oath in the High Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 He then proceeded to sentence afresh.
\par 
\par In }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Binesh Pillay}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  Pain J said, at p.7:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
In this case the learned Magistrate did not give the Appellant any opportunity to show cause why the activation of the suspended sentence would be unjust.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Nor did the learned Magistrate consider the overall term 
of imprisonment with the consecutive activated sentence to see if it was appropriate for the total criminality represented by all offences.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par In that case the order activating the suspended sentence was quashed.
\par 
\par In the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 s case, the learned Magist
rate failed to ask the Appellant to give evidence on oath explaining why his suspended sentence should not be activated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
He failed to show, on the court record, that he had considered section 30 of the Penal Code and the circumstances of the Appellant and his case since the suspended sentence had been imposed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Finally, he failed to consider whether the four years imprisonment reflected the totality of the offending.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 The State concedes that the activation of the suspended sentence was irregular.
\par 
\par For these reasons the activation of the suspended sentence is quashed.
\par 
\par I have considered whether it is appropriate to remit the matter to the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
 Court for a re-hearing of the issue, or whether I should proceed to hear evidence on oath in the High Court and adjust the sentence accordingly.
\par 
\par The Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 s sentence was imposed on 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 st}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  November 2001.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
The record, in breach of the Criminal Procedure Code, was sent to the High Court, six months later on 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
 May 2002.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 I consider that the Appellant has waited long 
enough for a determination of his sentence, and I have proceeded to hear his evidence on oath myself.
\par 
\par On oath, he said that his suspended sentence should not be activated because he had not benefitted from the subsequent offence, and that since the commission of the first offence, his wife has become pregnant and is looking after their six children.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 He said that three of his children go to school, and that the subsequent offence was trivial in nature.
\par 
\par He was cross-examined by State Counsel, and he agreed 
that he had committed the subsequent offence during the operational period of the first suspended sentence and that the nature of the suspended sentence had been explained to him by the Magistrate in September 2001.
\par 
\par In her submissions, State Counsel submitted that the Appellant had not shown cause to prevent the activation in full of the suspended sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 I agree.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
The Appellant committed the subsequent offence less than two months after his first conviction for the same type of offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
Although he had paid the complainant $600, after he committed the subsequent offence, the seriousness of the offence of cattle-stealing in a rural community cannot be ignored.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 The subsequent offence was not trivial and the Appellant richly deserves to have his suspended sentence activated.
\par 
\par However, normally, the activated sentence must run consecutive to the substantive term.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
This leaves the Appellant with a total of four years imprisonment which appears excessive given the type of offending and the fact tha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158 t the Appellant has not benefit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 ed from it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
I therefore adjust the sentence by reducing the total term to three years imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732158  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
His appeal against sentence is successful to that extent.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 JUDGE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1732158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 
\par At Suva
\par 15}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2838823\charrsid1732158  May 2002
\par }}