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\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid5573351\rsid9984214}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6612;}{\info{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI (AT SUVA)}{\author Amelia Rasovo}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2004\mo8\dy30\hr14\min35}
{\revtim\yr2004\mo8\dy31\hr10\min13}{\printim\yr2002\mo4\dy15\hr9\min40}{\version3}{\edmins2}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords859}{\nofchars4897}{\*\company Judicial Department}{\nofcharsws5745}{\vern16389}}
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\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214\charrsid9984214 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 (AT SUVA)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 CIVIL ACTION NO. HBC}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214\charrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 484 OF 2000S
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 Between:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 FIJI MUSLIM LEAGUE
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 MOHAMMED AYAIS SALEEM
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 First Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 MOHAMMED ASHIM
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 Second Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par S. Parshotam for the Plaintiff
\par R. Singh for the Defendants
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par This is the Plaintiff\rquote s application for summary Judgment against the Defendants brought pursuant to the provisions of RHC 014.
\par 
\par Two affidavits were filed:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214\charrsid9984214 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 Subhan Ali, in support, 24 January 2002;
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 First Defendant, in opposition, 26 March 2002.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par On 30 May 1991 the First Defendant applied for a scholarship offered by the Islamic Development Bank.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 In his application a copy of
 which is Exhibit SA2 to the supporting affidavit the First Defendant explained that he wished to study medicine.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
He wanted to use his new qualification to the benefit of members of his community living in remote areas: \'93to give them vital medical education so that they can improve their health standards\'94.
\par 
\par On page 3 of his application (Exhibit SA3) there was Form 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
In this Form the First Defendant who had already being educated to class 8 level declared that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 \'93Once I have completed my studies under the
 IDB Scholarship Programme I will continue to assist development of my community and country and will refund the amount of scholarship as soon as I start employment\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par The Form 2 declaration was accompa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 ied by a Form 3 certificate (Exhibit SA4) which stated, inter alia that the Defendant was \'93
of good conduct and high moral character\'94 and that he promised to:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 \'93fully comply with the rules and regulations of the IDB Scholarship Programme\'94.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par Form 3 was followed by Form 4 which was also signed by the Defendant in May 1991.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 This Form which was headed \'93
Declaration of Refund\'94 contained the following declaration:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 \'93
I Mohammed Ayais Saleem the undersigned applicant in the town Ba country Fiji applying for IDB scholarship do solemnly declare that I shall refund the whole amount paid to me by the Islamic Development Bank Jeddah to any organisation/body named by the IDB
\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par After being witnessed the Form continued with the following certificate:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 \'93}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
CERTIFICAT}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214 E OF THE MUSLIM ORGANISATION ON}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par THE ABOVE DECLARATION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
The Muslim Organisation Fiji Muslim League Ba Branch in the town Ba, Country Fiji certify that the above student accepts that he will refund the whole amount paid to him by the Islamic development Bank Jeddah to any organisation/body named by the IDB afte
r completing his education\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par On a date unknown to me but subsequent to the application and prior to 14 November 1991 the First Defendant\rquote s application for a scholarship was approved.
\par 
\par On 14 November 1991 the First and Second Defendants signed a Deed of Indemnity and Guarantee (Exhibit SA 6).
\par 
\par As appears from this Deed the Defendants jointly and severally explicitly agreed to repay the funds advanced under the scholarship to the Fiji Muslim League either upon completion of the course of study or following fa
ilure to complete the course studied for whatever reasons.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 The second paragraph of the second page of the Deed reads:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 \'93
the student and/or guarantor under no circumstances shall be exempted from repayment of the said loan, loans or advances to the League\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par In late 1991 the First Defendant proceeded to the Allama Iqbal Medical College of Pakistan.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
According to Exhibit SA8 (not denied by the Defendant) a total of US$19750.44 was paid to the Defendant during the 8 years 1991 to 1999.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 Mr. Parshotam told me that under an exchange rate formula that amount (very much in the Defendant\rquote s favour) amounts to F$26,633.90.
\par 3.
\par 
\par The First Defendant successfully graduated with his medical degree on 29 June 1998.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 He then returned to Fiji.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 Subsequent to his return he obtained employment with the Ministry of health.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 According to his affidavit filed herein on 26 March 2002 he is now employed as a medical officer at the Lami Health Centre.
\par 
\par On dates unknown to me the Fiji Muslim League sought repayment of the sums advanced to the First Defendant under the scholarship.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
The Defendants refused to repay.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 The writ was filed on 24 October 2002.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par 
\par Two Statements of Defence were filed, the first in November 2000 and the second in July 2001.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 Broadly these two defences advance th
e same case which is repeated in the affidavit filed in March 2001 in opposition to this application.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par 
\par The Defendant denies owing the Plaintiff anything at all.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
The Defendants say they were surprised to be asked to sign the 14 November Deed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 The First 
Defendant explains that he had already made arrangements to depart for Pakistan and had already told his friends and relatives that he would be going.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 Not then to have gone would have been embarrassing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 and \'93
therefore the document was signed under duress\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
Mr. Singh suggested that this amounted to a defence on the merits and that the Order 14 application should be dismissed.
\par 
\par As pointed out by Mr. Parshotam (who filed an excellent helpful written submission) the proposed defence ignores two important matters.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 The first is that the First Defendant knew perfectly well when he signed the application forms for the scholarship in May that he would be required to repay the sums advanced to him.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 There can therefore be no question of any surprise in the following November.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par 
\par Secondly, embarrassment cannot in law amount to a defence of duress.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 Duress in law is quite distinct from mere pressure (see }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 Barton v. Armstrong}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214  [1976] AC 104).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 In the absence of violence or threats of violence to pers}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214 on or goods there is no duress.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par 
\par Far from having a defence on the merits I am of the opinion that the Defendants\rquote  case is one of the least meritorious ever to come before me.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par 
\par There will be judgment for the Plaintiff in the amount claimed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9984214  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 I will hear counsel as to costs.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 M.D. Scott
\par Judge
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984214 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5573351\charrsid9984214 
\par 16 April 2002
\par }}