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)}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT SUVA \par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 CRIMINAL CASE NO:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758\charrsid5271758 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 HAC 020 OF 2001S \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758\charrsid5271758 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 STATE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 V}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 ADRIU PENI VOLAVOLA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \par Mr D. Prasad for State \par Mr V. Tuberi for Accused \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 S}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 EN}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 TE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 N}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 CE}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \par Adriu Volavola you were originally convicted of murder in the High Court after a trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 This conviction has been set aside by the Court of Appeal and substituted with one of manslaughter. \par \par The tariff for manslaughter in Fiji is between a suspended sentence to 12 years imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 As the Court of Appeal said in }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 Kim Nam Bae -v- State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 Cr. App. No. AAU005 of 1998S, after reviewing local and overseas cases: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \'93The cases demonstrate that the penalty impo sed for Manslaughter ranges from a suspended sentence where there may have been grave provocation to 12 years imprisonment where the degree of violence is high and provocation is minimal.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 It is important to bear in mind that this range covers a very wide set of varying circumstances which attract different sentences in different manslaughter cases.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 Each case will attract the appropriate sentence within the range depending on its own facts.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \par In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 Coleman}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \~(1991) 95 Cr. App.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 R. 59, Lord Lane C.J. reviewed sente nces for involuntary manslaughter, and said that in cases where the victim was felled by a single blow, causing him to fall and fracture his skull on the floor or pavement thus causing death, the appropriate starting point was 12 months imprisonment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 What must be considered as mitigating factors are absence of premeditation, the fact that there was a single blow of moderate force, expressions of remorse, and an immediate admission of guilt. \par \par The evidence at the trial was that you were walking along the road at 4.30am in Vatuwaqa with the deceased\rquote s wife.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 The deceased was following closely behind you.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 You turned back, and punched the deceased twice, once on his cheek, and one on his chin.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 Your blows caused the deceased to fall back onto the tarsealed road hitting the back of his head and his lower back.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 He began to shake, then became unconscious.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 You then called his name and massaged his head, apparently in an attempt to revive him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 Later on, you were seen to punch the deceased again on the right side of his chest, as he sat outside the Penguin Ice Cream factory.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 The deceased died the next day, according to the pathologist, as a result of the injury to the back of the head.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 For the purpose of sentencing therefore, I accept that the blows which caused the deceased to fall backwards onto the road, were the blows which caused the deceased\rquote s death. \par \par I have taken into account, all that has been said on your behalf by counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 I accept that there w as no evidence of planning, that no weapon was used, and that you have expressed remorse.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 You were a special constable and a person of good character. \par \par However, this was not a case of manslaughter from a single blow.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 Nor was there any evidence of provocation.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 The assessors clearly did not accept that the deceased assaulted you.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 You therefore assaulted a man, who did not provoke you in any way, twice, and hard enough to cause him to fall back and fracture his skull. \par \par I consider the appropriate sentence in this case to start at 5 years imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 This must be increased to 7 years imprisonment for the lack of provocation and the two blows on a defenceless man who did not attack you or provoke you in any way. \par \par I then give you substantial reduction for good character and the 1 year 9 months you have spent in remand, as well as the evidence of lack of pre-meditation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5271758 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 I arrive at a sentence of 3 years imprisonment to commence from today. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 Nazhat Shameem \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 JUDGE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5271758 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12592964\charrsid5271758 \par At Suva \par 2nd December 2002 \par }}