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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8214953 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640\charrsid12003640 AT SUVA}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640\charrsid12003640 CIVIL JURISDICTION}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8214953 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 CIVIL ACTION NO. 0257 OF 1997
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8214953 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797054\charrsid12003640 BETWEEN:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8214953 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 VASITI NAQOVA
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8214953 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8214953 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797054\charrsid12003640 AND}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797054 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8214953 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8214953 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 BLUE SHIELD (PACIFIC) INSURANCE LIMITED
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par Mr. D. Sharma for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. M.B. Patel for the Defendant
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par In this action the plaintiff who is the widow and administratrix of her late husband\rquote s estate claims }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
`by way of special damages interest computed on the sum of $500,000 at the rate of 7.5% per annum compounded from 26th September 1994 to 13th March, 1997.\rquote }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 She also claims interest from the date of issuance of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Writ}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  and general damages, interest on general damages and costs.
\par 
\par The defendant insurer for its part denied liability and averred }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797054\charrsid12003640 that:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `...... the claim was paid out in the sum of $500,000 and the said sum was accepted in full and final settlement by the defendant }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (sic) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 through her solicitors.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par 
\par The brief background to the case is as follows.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 On the date of his death }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Emori Naqova}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  (the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `deceased\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 ) was the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Managing Director}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Fiji Post and Telecommunication Limited (`FPTL\rquote )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 and was covered under a group insurance scheme issued by the defendant insurer to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 FPTL}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The total sum in respect of which the deceased was insured under the group insurance scheme was }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 $500,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .
\par 
\par The policy which is described as a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `Group Term Life\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  was first issued on }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 9th September 1993}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  and insured the named group members in the event of }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `Death Only\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 26th September 1994}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 the deceased died as a result of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `severe third degree 100% burns\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 he sustained in a widely-publicised fire at his residence in the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Domain}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 It is common ground that on that date the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `Group Term Life\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  policy under which the deceased was covered was valid and current.
\par 
\par The payment clause of the policy document reads :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
`...... upon receiving this Policy at its Head Office together with evidence satisfactory to the Company of - 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1350\wrapdefault\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
The happening of an event in respect of which the Sum Assured is payable,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par The Company will pay the Sum Assured to the Policy owner or his executors, administrators or assigns or as may be otherwise provided in the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6251397\charrsid12003640 schedules.' and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Schedule 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  of the policy document identifies the }
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `Policy Owner\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  as: }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
`Fiji Posts & Telecommunications Limited\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .
\par 
\par Shortly after the deceased\rquote s death there was an initial exchange of correspondence between the plaintiff\rquote s solicitors and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 FPTL}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  and the defendant insurer, seeking details of insurance policies that covered the deceased but these enquiries met with little or no success.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 For its part the defendant insurer admitted in a letter dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
21st December 1994}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  that it held two }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  relevant po
licies in the name of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 FPTL}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  but refused to release any details }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `unless an approval is received from the policy holder.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
No such approval was ever obtained.
\par 
\par On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 23rd March 1995}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 , }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Letters of Administration}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  in the deceased\rquote s estate was issued in favour of the plaintiff and on producing this authority to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 FPTL}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  the proceeds of two }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 insurance policies, one issued by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Queensland Insurance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  in the sum of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 $200,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  and the other by the defendant insurer also for the sum of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 $200,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  was paid out to the plaintiff after a
 deduction was made for funeral and related expenses which had been incurred by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 FPTL}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  on behalf of the deceased\rquote 
s estate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 These payments and deductions were referred to and evidenced by a }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Deed of Release}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  executed between }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 FPTL}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  and the plaintiff on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 22nd August 1995}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .
\par 
\par Plainly neither payment included or was referable to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `Group Term Life\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  policy issued to }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 FPTL}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  under which the deceased was insured for a sum of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 $500,000 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 in the event of his death}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 and nothing more was heard of the policy until the plaintiff\rquote s solicitors wrote to the defendant insurer on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
30th January 1997}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  pointing this out and enclosing a copy of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Letters of Administration}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  of the deceased\rquote s estate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
The solicitors also expressed their concern at the absence of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `...... }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (any) }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 effort }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (by the defendant insurer)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 to take proper and reasonable steps to ensure that payment under the cover is made to the estate in time\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  and sought }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `an explanation of the delay in paying monies due ......\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  
\par 
\par The defendant insurer replied by letter dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 11th February 1997}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  pointing out that since their earlier revelation (in }
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 December 1994}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 ) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
`...... there was no follow-up being made from }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (the plaintiff\rquote s solicitors) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 \lquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  and, in any event, company practice was to only release funds on production of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Letters of Administration}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  of the estate of an assured.
\par 
\par On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 12th March 1997}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 i.e.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  2\'bd years after the deceased died) the defendant insurer paid out }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 $500,000}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  to the plaintiff\rquote s solicitors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
A subsequent request by the plaintiff\rquote s solicitors }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `...... to cite }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (sic) }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 the original Insurance policy ......\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  went unanswered as did a request for the payment of interest.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 4th July 1997}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  the plaintiff\rquote 
s solicitors issued the present proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 26th November 1998}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  after all pre-trial steps had been completed the judge to whom the matter was assigned was unable to deal with the matter and the case was reassigned.
\par 
\par Thereafter the action was adjourned on numerous occasions over a period of thirteen }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (13)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 months for one reason or another including to accommodate the Court\rquote s prior commitments, defence counsel\rquote s illness and medical treatment overseas, and more importantly, to allow settlement talks to proceed between the parties.
\par 
\par When settlement talks proved fruitless plaintiff\rquote s counsel sought to invoke }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Order 33 r.3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  of the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 High Court Rules}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  with a view to having the defendant\rquote s liability first determined by way of written submissions.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 This procedure although initially agreed to by both}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 counsels was subsequently doubted in defence counsel\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
written submission as an }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `oversight in hastily agreeing to follow a course.\rquote 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 In this latter regard however it is common ground that the defendant insurer in fact paid out the proceeds of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
`Group Term Life\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  policy on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 13th March 1997}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 to the plaintiff\rquote s solicitors, and accordingly, there can be no question of any dispute arising as to the defendant\rquote s liability to pay under the policy }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 nor}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  can the date of payment be seriously disputed.
\par 
\par The sole remaining issue therefore that defence counsel helpfully framed in his written submissions and to which in counsel\rquote s words : }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
`the answer will finally determine the whole action\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 , was :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 

\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `Is the Plaintiff}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 entitled to interest on a debt already paid before the institution of an action ?\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par and counsel writes : }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
`if the answer is in the affirmative there be judgment for the plaintiff for interest at a rate to be assessed together with costs.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par Finally on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 29th September 2000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  the Court, with the agree
ment of counsels, formulated the following question to be dealt with as a preliminary issue, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797054\charrsid12003640 namely:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `Is there a cause of action for damages }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (special or general) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 in respect of the late payment of a contractual debt e.g. life }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797054\charrsid12003640 insurance?\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par Written submissions were ordered and these were finally completed on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 18th October 2000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .
\par 
\par In brief, defence counsel, relying on the decisions of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 House of Lords}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 London, Chatham & Dover Railway Co. v. South Eastern Railway}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (1893) A.C.429 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 and }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
President of India v. La Pintada Compania Navigation SA}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (1985) 1 A.C.104}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 , submits that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
`The general common law approach is that interest is not payable for the late payment of a debt unless expressly provided for by agreement, statute or by usage.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The Plaintiff does not come within this ambit.\rquote 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 In reply plaintiff\rquote s counsel }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797054\charrsid12003640 writes:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `The Plaintiff\rquote 
s claim is made up of the following components in the Statement of Claim, Special Damages for the period 26th September 1994 to 13th March 1997, General Damages, Interest and Costs.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
The Plaintiff has alleged that the Defendant acted in breach of the Life Insurance Policy i.e. the contract by not paying out when the monies were due i.e. upon the death of Mr. Emori Naqova.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The Defendant has submitted that the Plaint
iff does not have a cause of action and the Plaintiff is prevented from claiming interest on a debt that has already been paid.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
It is true that at the time of filing the Writ the Defendant had paid out the monies under the Life Insurance Policy.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The Defen
dant says that the Plaintiff\rquote s claim is prevented under the principles espoused in the }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Dover}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  and }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Pintada}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 case.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 With respect, it is submitted that the Plaintiff\rquote 
s claim is not prevented under these two cases, in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Dover\rquote s}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  case, their Lordships reluctantly di
sallowed a claim for interest for late payment saying that there was no written instrument for the Plaintiff to rely upon to bring its claim.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 There were three major amendments to the principles laid down in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Dover}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 , the first being the 1934 UK Law Reform Act.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
This Act allowed a Court to grant interest in any proceedings for any judgment on a debt or damages.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
This provision is also found in Section 3 of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 ) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (Interest) Act.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The second intervention was Section 35A of the Supreme Court Act 1981.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Section 35A allowed a Court to award simple interest on debts and damages even where the debt was paid before the judgment was given.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 There were a number of excursions made by Ld Denning to distinguish }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Dover}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 , the most prominent case }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 be
ing Trans Trust SPRL - v - Danubian Trading Co Ltd (1952) 2 QB 297}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 However, the third major deviation from the }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Dover}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  principles was laid down by the English Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Wadsworth - v - Lyall (1981) 1 WLR 604}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 In}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Wadsworth}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 , }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 the Court of Appeal stated that in cases concerning breach of contract a Plaintiff is entitled to claim special damages for a late payment of a debt.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The Special Damages claimed must not be too remote.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Wadsworth}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  covered the scenario where a debt had already been paid before the commencement of proceedings.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 In }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Pintada}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  the English House of Lords reaffirmed the principles laid down in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Dover}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  but with two exceptions.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
Their Lordships recognised the statutory amendments to the }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Dover}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 principles set out in the Law Reform Act 1934 and the Supreme Court Act 1981 and they also approved the principles set forth in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Wadsworth}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 i.e. a Plaintiff is entitled to claim special damages in contract where there has been a late payment of a debt.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Thus the effect of }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
Dover}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  has now been considerably watered down by these subsequent developments.\rquote 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 In determining this aspect of the case I can do no better than refer to the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Lord Brandon of Oakbrook}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 , who delivered the principal judgment in the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 La Pintada}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  case and with whom the other }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Law Lords}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 agreed, where his lordship explained in the later case of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 President of India v. Lips Maritime Corp}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (1988) 1 A.C.395}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  the effect of the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 La Pintada}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  case in the following passage at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797054\charrsid12003640 p.423}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid797054\charrsid12003640 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `In the }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 La Pintada}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  case the House was invited to depart from its earlier decision in London, Chatham and Dover Railway Co. v. South Eastern Railway Co (1893) A.C.429.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 In that case it was held that, under English Common law, interest would not be given as damage for late payments of a debt.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Two matters were decided by the House in the }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 La Pintada}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  case.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
The first matter was that the application of the principle established in the London, Chatham and Dover Railway Co. case was limite
d to claims to recover interest as general damages under the first part of the rule in Hadley v. Baxendale 9 Exch 341 and did not extend to claims to recover interest as special damage under the second part of the rule.\rquote 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 In this latter regard the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 House of Lords}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  in the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 La Pintada}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  case while maintaining the principle of }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 London, Chatham and Dover Railway Co}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 in respect of claims for general damages nevertheless held by way of an exceptional example, that : 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `(2) Where ...... a creditor was able to prove he had suffered special damage }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (e.g. by himself having to pay interest on say an overdraft) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 as a result of a debtor\rquote 
s late payment of a debt the creditor was entitled to claim such special damage notwithstanding that the debt was paid prior to the creditor commencing proceeding for its recovery.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (1984) 2 ALL E.R.773}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 774}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The rule in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Hadley v. Baxendale}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 (op.cit) is encapsulated in the following passage in the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Alderson B.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  where his lordship states at }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 p.344}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 : 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
`Where two parties have made a contract, which one of them has broken, the damages which the other party ought to receive in respect of such breach of contract should be such as may fairly and reasonably be considered either }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (1)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  arising naturally, i.e. according to the usual course of things from such breach of contract itself }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (general damages)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 or}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (2)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 such as may reasonably be supposed to have been in the contemplation of both parties at the time they made the contract, as the probable result of the breach of it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (special damages)}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .\rquote 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (The numbering and parenthesis are inserted for emphasis.)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par The most often-cited example of a successful claim under the second part of the rule in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Hadley v. Baxendale}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 is the case of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Wadsworth v. Lydall}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
(1981) 2 ALL E.R.401}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 where the plaintiff succeeded on appeal, in recovering interest and other charges incurred in respect of a mortgage that he was obliged to take out as a result of the defendant\rquote s non-payment of monies due under a contract on the due date.
\par 
\par In that case }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Brightman L.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  in distinguishing the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 London Chatham and Dover Railway Co}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  case as }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `an action for an account }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (where the House of Lords) }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 was concerned only with a claim for interest by way of general damages\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 , said ibid at }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 p.405}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  : 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `If a plaintiff plea
ds and can prove that he has suffered special damage as a result of the defendant\rquote 
s failure to perform his obligations under a contract, and such damage is not too remote on the principle of Hadley v. Baxendale, I can see no logical reason why such special
 damage should be irrecoverable merely because the obligation in which the defendant defaulted was an obligation to pay money and not some other type of obligation.\rquote 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 In light of the foregoing the submissions of plaintiff\rquote s counsel are plainly correct and 
I hold that there is no legal impediment to a claim for special damages for late payment of a contractual debt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
That however is not the end of the matter.
\par 
\par In order to succeed in such a claim or cause of action the plaintiff must not only, properly plead the facts relied upon as constituting the claim for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 special damage, but additionally, in the words of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Hobhouse J.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
International Minerals & Chemical Corp. v. Karl O. Helm A.G}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (1986) 1 Lloyds Rep.81 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 104}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  : 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `...... }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (the plaintiff)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 must prove not only that he was suffered the alleged additional loss and that it was caused by the defendant\rquote 
s default, but also that the defendant had knowledge of the facts or circumstances which make such a loss a not unlikely consequence of such a default.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 In the eyes of the law, those facts or circumstances are deemed to be special, whether in truth they are or not, and knowledge of them must be proved.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Where ...... the relevant facts or circumstances are commonplace, the burden of proof will be easy t
o discharge and the courts may be willing to draw inferences of knowledge.\rquote 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Statement of Claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 in the present case merely avers that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `...... the monies under the policy were payable once the defendant, knew of Emori Nagova\rquote s death\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  (26th September 1994) }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  the fact that }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `...... the defendant finally paid the sum of $500,000 to the plaintiff\rquote s solicitors on 13th March 1997.\rquote }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 If I may say so, these averments merely establish that payment under the policy was made }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 2\'bd years}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  after the insured event had occurred and nothing more.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
Nowhere is it pleaded that the plaintiff incurred any extra financial liabilities or loss as a consequence of the non-payment of the proceeds of the policy }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 or}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  that the defendant insurer }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `had knowledge of the facts or circumstances w
hich make such a loss a not unlikely consequence of such a default.\rquote 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Indeed, as presently pleaded, the plaintiff appears to assume that the mere lapse of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 2\'bd years}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  is }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `ipso facto\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 sufficient to sustain her claim for special damages.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Plainly it is not.
\par 
\par In my considered opinion it is quite inadequate to assert without any particulars, that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `the plaintiff went into receivership as a result of the estate\rquote s debt\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  nor would such an eventuality be described as }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `common place\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 , nor, is it enough merely to refer to what the defendant insurer could or should have done and leave it at that.
\par 
\par Furthermore the rule in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Hadley v. Baxendale}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  clearly assumes that a party to a contract }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `has broken }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (it)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  but nowhere in the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Statement of Claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 is such an averment to be found.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 I accept that plaintiff\rquote s counsel\rquote 
s written submissions makes reference to the defendant insurer not acting }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `in good faith\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 in failing to disclose details of the insurance policies covering the deceased }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  to a }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `breach of contract for late payment\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 But neither submission which normally sounds in general damages is reflected in the pleadings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 To that extent also the plaintiff\rquote s pleadings are deficient.
\par 
\par In this case it is common ground that the policy document is silent on the payment of interest on the sum assured }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 nor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 is there a date for payment specified in the payment clause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 In such circumstances, }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `...... by implication of law, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (the defendant insurer)}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  is deemed to have undertaken to perform his part of the contract within a time, which having regard to all the circumstances, is reasonable.\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  (per }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 O\rquote Regan J.A.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 delivering the judgment of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Fiji Court of Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Ram Jati Singh v. Letama Trading Co}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (1987) 33 F.L.R. 158)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 .
\par 
\par In similar vein }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Lord Watson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  said in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
Hick v. Raymond & Reid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (1893) A.C.22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  at }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3953361\charrsid12003640 p.32}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3953361\charrsid12003640 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
`When the language of a contract does not expressly or by necessary implication, fix any time for the performance of a contractual obligation, the law implies that it shall be performed within a reasonable time.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The rule is of general application, and is not confined to contractor for the carriage of goods by sea.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
In the case of other contracts the condition of reasonable time has been frequently interpreted ; and has invariably been held to mean that the party upon whom it is incumbent duly fulfills his ob
ligation, notwithstanding protracted delay, so long as such delay is attributable to causes beyond his control, and he has neither acted negligently or unreasonably.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par In this regard however, no implied terms are pleaded in the plaintiff\rquote s claim }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 nor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  have a
ny particulars been given that the defendant insurer }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `acted negligently or unreasonably\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 in making the payment having regard to all the circumstances obtaining after the deceased\rquote s death.
\par 
\par I have considered whether or not these deficiencies in the pleadings might be resolved by considering the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 `}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
Statement of Agreed Facts}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 \rquote  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 but am regrettably driven to the conclusion that they are not.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The plaintiff is accordingly given leave to amend the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Statement of Claim}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3953361  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 within }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 14 days}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  and the defendant is given leave to amend its }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Statement of Defence}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 14 days}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  thereafter.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The plaintiff is to file a }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Reply}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640  within }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 14 days}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
 after receiving the amended defence if considered necessary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 The action must then follow its normal course.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Liberty is reserved to the parties to make whatever applications they consider will conduce to the speedy finalisation of the case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12003640  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 Costs in the cause.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid3953361 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 (D.V. Fatiaki)
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12003640 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13779036\charrsid12003640 At Suva,
\par 21st March, 2002.
\par }}