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\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403\charrsid9515403 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 (AT SUVA)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 CIVIL ACTION NO. HBC 416 OF 2000S
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Between:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 CREDIT CORPORATION (FIJI) LIMITED
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 JOSAIA TAKA
\par SHIVA KRISHNA MURTI
\par RATU HENRY KUBUABOLA
\par BRENNAN SUKHDEO
\par RATU TIMOCI VESIKULA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Defendants
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par M. Arjun for the Plaintiff
\par Tikaram for the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th Defendants
\par No appearance by the Third Defendant
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par In 1995 Xero Tech (Fiji) Ltd entered into three lease agreements with the Plaintiff covering the supply of office equipment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
According to the Statement of Claim filed in September 2000 the total rental payable under the 3 agreements was $246,768.00.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 The 
Plaintiff\rquote s claim is that Xero Tech breached the agreements and that as a consequence the Defendants, each of whom signed a form of guarantee incorporated into the lease agreements have become liable for the debt owed by Xero.
\par 
\par The represented Defendants have all filed Statements of Defence in the same form.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
The agreements are admitted but the Defendants say that they have not been supplied with particulars of the amounts owed under the agreement, that no notice of demand has been made upon them and that i
n the circumstances in which the guarantees were obtained from them they are not bound.
\par 
\par This is an application for summary judgment brought under the provisions RHC O 14.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 The following affidavits were filed:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Uday Raj Sen, in support, 8 April 2002;
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 First Defendant, in answer, 11 July 2002;
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Shaireen Begum, in reply, 1 August 2002.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par Both Mr. Arjun and Mr. Tikaram filed helpful written submissions.
\par 
\par Mr. Sen\rquote s affidavit is somewhat confusing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 In paragraph 2 he states that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \'93the abov
e named Defendants was and is at the commencement of this action justly and truly indebted to the above named Plaintiff in the sum of $161,272.57 being money owing to the Plaintiff for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403 
 arrears of monthly lease insta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 lments.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
The particulars of the said claim appear by the Statement of Claim on the writ of summons in this action.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par The sum of $161,272.57 was the amount claimed in the Statement of Claim.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
In paragraph 5 of his affidavit Mr. Sen gives particulars of the three accounts relating to the three agreements.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
The accounts are numbered 42036, 42044 and 42051.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 None of the copy lease agreements exhibited bears any of these numbers.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 According to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  Mr. Sen the total rental insta}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 lments to be paid were $104,296.00, $65,652.00 and $94,720.00.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 According to the three lease agreeme}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403 nts the \'93total rental and insta}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 lments\'94 for the three agreements were three quite different figures of $88,320.00,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 $97,296.00 and $61,152.00.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
If these three figures are added up they amount to $246,768.00 and not $161,272.57.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 How t
his latter figure was calculated is nowhere revealed except very generally in the Statement of Claim.
\par 
\par Having stated that the Defendants owed $161,272.57 in paragraph 2 Mr. Sen then went on in paragraph 6 of his affidavit to state:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \'93the total amount due a
nd payable under the three accounts mentioned above is $93,577.00.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par In paragraph 7 Mr. Sen stated that the Defendants:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \'93have neglected to pay the sum of $161,272.57 or any part thereof.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par In paragraph 15 of his affidavit Mr. Sen stated:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \'93
I am informed and verily believe that the said debt of the amount $161,272.57 was incurred and is still owing.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par In paragraph 14 of his affidavit Dr. Taka states:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \'93
I am not clear at all what is the correlation between the interest that was charged upfront on each of the accounts and the rebate now being given.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 We need full information on this because as consumers we have been kept totally in the dark on this particular aspect of accounting.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par In paragraph 4 of her affidavit Shaireen Begum states:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \'93th
e Defendant at the date the writ of summons endorsed with a Statement of Claim was filed in High Court owed $161,272.57 however after rebate being deducted the Defendants owed to the Plaintiff as arrears of monthly lease payments the sum of $93,577.57.
\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par No explanations of these rebates was offered by Shaireen Begum.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
Whether these are the same rebates as those disclosed by Mr. Sen in his affidavit is not clear.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Mr. Sen\rquote 
s rebates together total $150,009.13 which added to $93,577.57 produces a figure of $243,586.70 and not the figure sometimes claimed of $161,272.57.
\par 
\par In the closing paragraph of his written submission Mr. Tikaram suggested that the Plaintiff\rquote s reduction of their original claim from $161,272.57 to $93,577.57:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \'93illustrates the danger of enter
ing summary judgment when complex accounts are involved without the benefit of oral hearing which is subject to scrutiny and cross examination.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par Where there is uncertainty as to the amount actually due by a defendant it is settled that leave to defend should be given (}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Lynde v. Waithman}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403  [1895] 2 QB 180).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
Leave to defend should also be given when an account is ordered (}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Contract Discout Corporation Ltd v. Furlong}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
 [1948] 1 All ER 274).
\par 
\par In the present case it is not only Dr. Taka who is \'93totally in the dark\'94 about what precisely is said to be owed and how the amount is calculated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Despite strenuous efforts by the Court and counsel Mr. Arjun could really go no further than to assert that a much greater figure then the $93,577.57 now claimed was in fact owed by
 the Defendants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Why that should be the case was not explained.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Neither was it explained why a claim filed at $161,272.57 should, according to Shaireen Begum, have been reduced with the passage of time.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 In my experience the reverse is generally the case.
\par 
\par Given the singular lack of clarity in the Plaintiff\rquote s claim the Defendants must have leave to defend.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
The question is whether that leave should be conditional.
\par 
\par While it is not disputed that the Defendants only repaid a very small amount of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 the sum borrowed the measure of the Plaintiff
\rquote s loss is not straightforward.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
On a preliminary reading of clause 18 of the lease agreements the unpaid balance of rent became payable upon determination by default.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Clauses 12 and 19}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
however appear to envisage surrender of the equipment leased or payment of its residual value.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
The equipment was leased in October 1995 and only 4 monthly payments were made.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 It is not at all clea
r therefore why the Plaintiff stated in March 2002 (Exhibit URS 4) that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 \'93none of the items were seized as it was not worth anything.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par If the equipment had been repossessed when only 4 or 5 months old it would doubtless have had a considerable value.
\par 
\par The purpose of Order 14 is to enable a Plaintiff who can prove his claim clearly to obtain summary judgment without trial.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
In my opinion the Plaintiff\rquote s claim here is insufficiently clear to obtain summary judgment at all and I think it would be wrong to limit the Defendants right to defend.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9515403  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 Unconditional leave to defend will accordingly be given.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 M.D. Scott
\par Judge
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9515403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11744165\charrsid9515403 
\par 11 September 2002
\par }}